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词条 1214 Richilde
释义

  1. Discovery

  2. Orbit and classification

  3. Physical characteristics

      Rotation period and pole    Diameter and albedo  

  4. Naming

      Unknown meaning  

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1214 Richilde
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref =  [2]
| discoverer = M. F. Wolf
| discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs.
| discovered = 1 January 1932
| mpc_name = (1214) Richilde
| alt_names = 1932 AA{{·}}1930 QD
1961 PC
| pronounced =
| named_after = unknown [3]
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}} [4]
background [5]
| orbit_ref =  
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 86.52 yr (31,602 days)
| aphelion = 3.0319 AU
| perihelion = 2.3881 AU
| semimajor = 2.7100 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1188
| period = 4.46 yr (1,629 days)
| mean_anomaly = 207.11°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2209|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 9.8345°
| asc_node = 285.92°
| arg_peri = 32.580°
| dimensions = {{val|30.70|12.73}} km[7]
{{val|33.26|8.39}} km[8]
{{val|33.651|8.835}} km[9]
{{val|34.134|0.253}} km[10]
{{val|34.94|0.50}} km[11]
35.22 km {{small|(derived)}}[4]
{{val|35.29|3.2}} km[13]
{{val|36.668|0.575}} km[14]
{{val|39.58|11.00}} km[15]
| rotation = {{val|9.860}} h[16]
{{val|9.86687|0.00005}} h[17]
{{val|9.870|0.001}} h[18]
| albedo = {{val|0.044|0.051}}[15]
{{val|0.048|0.015}}[14]
0.0517 {{small|(derived)}}[4]
{{val|0.0518|0.0853}}[9]
{{val|0.0550|0.0055}}[10]
{{val|0.06|0.02}}[8]
{{val|0.0619|0.013}}[13]
{{val|0.064|0.002}}[11]
{{val|0.07|0.04}}[7]
| spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} Xk {{·}}P [10]
| abs_magnitude = 10.90[11][13]{{·}}11.03[15]{{·}}11.09[9]{{·}}{{val|11.09|0.40}}[34]{{·}}11.10[4][8][10][16]{{·}}11.20[7]
}}1214 Richilde, provisional designation {{mp|1932 AA}}, is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in 1932. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.[2][3]

Discovery

Richilde was discovered on 1 January 1932, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[2] Five nights later, on 6 January 1932, it was independently discovered by Japanese astronomer K. Nakamura at Kwasan Observatory ({{small|377}}), Kyoto.[3] The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer.[2] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1930 QD}} at Uccle Observatory in August 1930, approximately 16 months prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg.[2]

Orbit and classification

Richilde is a non-family asteroid from the main-belt's background population.[5] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,629 days; semi-major axis of 2.71 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.

Physical characteristics

In the SMASS, Richilde is a Xk-subtype, that transitions from the X-type to the rare K-type asteroids, while the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterizes the body as a primitive P-type asteroid.[4][10]

Rotation period and pole

In the 1990s, a rotational lightcurve of Richilde was first obtained from photometric observations by astronomers using the ESO 1-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 9.860 hours with a brightness variation of 0.32 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).[16] In October 2006, a concurring period of 9.870 hours and an amplitude of 0.31 was measured by French amateur astronomer Raymond Poncy ({{small|U=3-}}).[18]

In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue (UAPC) and other sources gave a period 9.86687 hours, as well as a partial spin axis of (n.a.°, –59.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[17]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Richilde measures between 30.70 and 39.58 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.044 and 0.07.[7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0517 and a diameter of 35.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.10.[4]

Naming

This minor planet is named after a common German female name. Any reference of this name to a person or occurrence is unknown ({{small|AN 247, 153}}).[3]

Unknown meaning

Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Richilde is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these asteroids have low numbers between {{mp|{{MoMP|164|164 Eva}}}} and {{mp|{{MoMP|1514|1514 Ricouxa}}}} and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).[65]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1214) Richilde |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |page = 101 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1215 |chapter = (1214) Richilde }}
2. ^1 {{cite book |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision |chapter = Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning |last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |pages = 927–929 |date = 2007 |isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |author-link= Lutz D. Schmadel}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = 1214 Richilde (1932 AA) |work = Minor Planet Center |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1214 |accessdate = 23 January 2018}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1214) Richilde |last = Behrend |first = Raoul |publisher = Geneva Observatory |url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001214 |accessdate = 23 January 2018}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |date = August 2014 |title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 791 |issue = 2 |page = 11 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |arxiv = 1406.6645 }}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Small Bodies Data Ferret |work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0 |url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action |accessdate = 23 January 2018}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title = LCDB Data for (1214) Richilde |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1214%7CRichilde |accessdate = 23 January 2018}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |date = November 2011 |title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 741 |issue = 2 |page = 25 |bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |arxiv = 1109.6407 }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = T. |last3 = Grav |first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent |first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera |date = November 2012 |title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 759 |issue = 1 |page = 5 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M |doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 |arxiv = 1209.5794 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |date = October 2011 |title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume = 63 |issue = 5 |pages = 1117–1138 |bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |date = October 2004 |title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |url = https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |journal = NASA Planetary Data System |pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |access-date = 23 January 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160603231123/http://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |archive-date = 2016-06-03 |dead-url = yes |df = }}
12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer |first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson |first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright |date = December 2015 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 814 |issue = 2 |page = 13 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 |arxiv = 1509.02522 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |first2 = C. |last2 = Nugent |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |first4 = E. L. |last4 = Wright |first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |first6 = R. M. |last6 = Cutri |first7 = T. |last7 = Grav |first8 = E. |last8 = Kramer |first9 = S. |last9 = Sonnett |date = October 2017 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 154 |issue = 4 |page = 10 |bibcode = 2017AJ....154..168M |doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec |arxiv = 1708.09504 }}
14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |date = September 2016 |title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N |journal = The Astronomical Journal |volume = 152 |issue = 3 |page = 12 |bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |arxiv = 1606.08923 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal |first1 = M. A. |last1 = Barucci |first2 = M. |last2 = di Martino |first3 = E. |last3 = Dotto |first4 = M. |last4 = Fulchignoni |first5 = A. |last5 = Rotundi |first6 = R. |last6 = Burchi |date = June 1994 |title = Rotational properties of small asteroids: Photoelectric observations of 16 asteroids |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1994Icar..109..267B |journal = Icarus |volume = 109 |issue = 2 |pages = 267–273 |issn = 0019-1035 |bibcode = 1994Icar..109..267B |doi = 10.1006/icar.1994.1092 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
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17. ^1 {{cite journal |display-authors = 6 |first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres |first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke |first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons |first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau |first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik |first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin |first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel |first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat |first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett |first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers |first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling |first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser |first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier |first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan |first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price |first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry |first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters |date = November 2015 |title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results |url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V |journal = Icarus |volume = 261 |pages = 34–47 |bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V |doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 |arxiv = 1506.00762 |access-date= 23 January 2018}}
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

}}

External links

  • Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
  • Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
  • Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
  • {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1213 Algeria |number=1214 |1215 Boyer}}{{Small Solar System bodies}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Richilde}}

6 : Background asteroids|Discoveries by Max Wolf|Minor planets with names of unknown origin|Named minor planets|Xk-type asteroids (SMASS)|Astronomical objects discovered in 1932
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