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词条 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak
释义

  1. Meteorological synopsis

  2. Confirmed tornadoes

  3. F5 Jarrell tornado

  4. F3 Cedar Park tornado

  5. F4 Lake Travis tornado

  6. Overpass Traffic Jam

  7. See also

  8. Notes

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2014}}{{Infobox storm
| name = 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak
| image = 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak radar 2048z.png
| caption = WSR-88D imagery of storms across Central Texas at {{nowrap|3:40 pm (CDT)}} on May 27, 1997
| type = Tornado outbreak
| active = May 27, 1997
| lowest pressure =
| lowest temperature =
| tornadoes = 20 confirmed
| fujitascale = F5
| enhanced =
| tornado duration = 6 hours, 2 minutes
| highest winds = 261+ mph (418 km/h)

| gusts =
| hail = {{convert|4.50|in|mm|abbr=on}}
(in Bell and Falls counties)
| maximum snow =
| damages = >$126.6 million {{nowrap|(1997 USD)}}
| power outages =
| total fatalities = 28 fatalities, several injuries
| affected = Central Texas
| current advisories =
| notes =
| alt =
}}

The 1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak in Central Texas that occurred on May 27, 1997. The storm produced 20 total tornadoes, including multiple in the vicinity of Austin, Texas. The outbreak was particularly noteworthy for spawning the Jarrell tornado–one of the fiercest and most destructive F5 tornadoes ever recorded, which caused 27 deaths.

At its peak, the Jarrell tornado was 3/4 of a mile wide and tracked across the ground for 7.6 miles (12.2 km), inflicting beyond catastrophic damage in parts of Jarrell, Texas while killing 27 people.[1][2] All 27 deaths caused by the tornado occurred within one subdivision of Jarrell - a neighborhood of 38 well-built houses called Double Creek Estates. Each residence was completely dismantled, swept away, and reduced to a concrete slab, while trees in the area were completely shredded and debarked, and grassy fields were scoured to a depth of 18 inches.[2] Many tornado researchers, after reviewing aerial damage photographs of Double Creek Estates, considered the Jarrell storm to be the most violent tornado they had ever seen in terms of damage intensity.[3]

In addition to the Jarrell tornado, the May 27th outbreak produced one additional F4 tornado, three additional F3 tornadoes, and 15 tornadoes of F2 magnitude or weaker.

Meteorological synopsis

In the early morning hours of May 27, a large mesoscale convective complex developed over eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. A "gravity wave" or outflow boundary was generated by this system and stalled out over Central Texas. This was oriented from the northeast to the southwest, causing the supercells and subsequent tornadoes to move from the northeast toward the southwest, which is exceptionally unusual. Also unusual on this day was the low wind shear and extreme atmospheric instability.[2]

Confirmed tornadoes

{{Tornado Chart | Total=20 | F0=6 | F1=6 | F2=3 | F3=3 | F4=1 | F5=1 }}
All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.|name=Date/Time|group=nb}}
F#LocationCountyStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax widthDamage{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 2014 USD unless otherwise stated.|name=Damage|group=nbSummaryRefs
cat2}} | F2W of LorenaMcLennan31.38|-97.32|name=Lorena (May 27, F2)}}1821 – 18332|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}75|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}00075000|$75,000}}Several large trees were uprooted and a mobile home was destroyed.[4]
storm}} | F0Eddy areaMcLennan31.30|-97.25|name=Eddy (May 27, F0)}}1844 – 18470.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}40|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Tornado reported by sheriff deputy caused no damage.[5]
cat3}} | F3E of MoodyMcLennan, Bell31.27|-97.35|name=Moody (May 27, F3)}}1846 – 18593.7|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}150|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}00150000|$150,000}}A home and a barn were destroyed after the tornado initially touched down in open terrain. Two vehicles were also displaced by several hundred feet, and numerous trees were uprooted.[6][7]
storm}} | F0WNW of BeltonBell31.08|-97.53|name=Belton (May 27, F0)}}1916 – 19270.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}50|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Weak tornado remained stationary for much of its existence before dissipating.[8]
cat3}} | F3N of BeltonBell31.17|-97.47|name=Belton (May 27, F3)}}1927 – 19451.4|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}275|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}00900000|$900,000}}A marina was destroyed on the northern shores of Lake Belton, with over 100 boats capsizing. Ten homes along the same shore sustained severe damage, and a number of trees were destroyed.[9]
cat1}} | F1SW of BeltonBell31.02|-97.53|name=Belton (May 27, F1)}}1950 – 19580.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}40|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Brief tornado with unknown damage.[10]
cat1}} | F1Blooming Grove areaNavarro32.10|-96.72|name=Blooming Grove (May 27, F1)}}2005 – 20100.5|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}50|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Brief tornado uprooted several large trees.[11]
cat1}} | F1NW of Prairie DellBell30.90|-97.58|name=Prairie Dell (May 27, F1)}}2007 – 20252.4|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}100|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}00020000|$20,000}}Initially stationary tornado that began to quickly track towards the south-southwest, destroying trees and damage several structures.[12]
cat2}} | F2N of JarrellWilliamson30.8848|-97.594|name=Jarrell (May 27, F2)}}2025 – 20332|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}200|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}First of two tornadoes that preceded the Jarrell F5 tornado.[13]
cat2}} | F2NW of JarrellWilliamson30.868|-97.603|name=Jarrell (May 27, F2)}}2035 – 20390.5|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}150|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Second of two tornadoes that preceded the Jarrell F5 tornado; classified as a multi-vortex tornado.[14]
cat1}} | F1S of DawsonNavarro31.87|-96.72|name=Dawson (May 27, F1)}}2036 – 20400.5|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}50|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Brief tornado uprooted large trees.[15]
cat5}} | F5W of JarrellWilliamson30.84|-97.618|name=Jarrell (May 27, F5)}}2040 – 20535.1|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}1320|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}40100000|$40.1 million}}27 deaths – See section on this tornado[16]
storm}} | F0SW of HubbardHill31.82|-96.83|name=Hubbard (May 27, F0)}}2050 – 20530.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}40|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Brief tornado caused no damage[17]
cat3}} | F3N of Cedar ParkWilliamson, Travis30.55|-97.82|name=Cedar Park (May 27, F3)}}2105 – 21159.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}200|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}70120000|$70.1 million}}See section on this tornado[18][19]
cat1}} | F1NW of Four PointsTravis30.40|-97.85|name=Four Points (May 27, F0)}}2115 – 21150.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}20|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}00005000|$5,000}}Brief tornado with minimal damage.[20]
cat4}} | F4W of LakewayTravis30.37|-98.02|name=Lakeway (May 27, F4)}}2150 – 21505.6|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}440|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}15000000|$15 million}}1 death – See section on this tornado[21]
cat1}} | F1N of KyleHays30.02|-97.87|name=Kyle (May 27, F1)}}2238 – 22453.5|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}60|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}0005000|$5,000}}Trees and power lines were knocked over.[22]
storm}} | F0S of UtopiaUvalde29.52|-99.53|name=Utopia (May 27, F0)}}0000 – 00030.2|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}20|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Tornado remained over open country.[23]
storm}} | F0NW of SisterdaleKendall29.98|-98.75|name=Sisterdale (May 27, F0)}}0030 – 00320.7|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}30|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Tornado remained over open country.[24]
storm}} | F0NE of MooreFrio29.07|-99.00|name=Moore (May 27, F0)}}0120 – 01231|mi|km|abbr=on|sortable=on}}40|yd|m|abbr=on|sortable=on}}{{N/A}}Tornado remained over open country.[25]

F5 Jarrell tornado

The Jarrell tornado originally touched down as a thin pencil-like tornado near the Bell-Williamson County line. Although thin, it was already powerful. It scoured a cotton field down to a depth of 18 inches. Next, it moved on to a wheat field, plucking out the wheat shafts by the millions and then impaled the cows that were in the field beyond that. Its funnel rapidly intensified into a violent 3/4-mile-wide multi-vortex tornado at around 3:45 pm CDT.

Catastrophic damage occurred three minutes later in the northwestern portion of Jarrell. At 3:48 pm CDT the tornado struck the Double Creek Estates neighborhood as a slow-moving wedge tornado, completely destroying all 38 houses and killing 27 people in the neighborhood. Many of the homes in the tornado's path were well-constructed and bolted to their foundations, but the tornado left only slab foundations. The tornado was so fierce that it left virtually no sizable debris. The debris from the destroyed homes was either thrown several miles away or dismantled into small fragments and scattered for long distances across the countryside.[26] Several entire families from Double Creek Estates were killed in the tornado, including all five members of the Igo family and all four members of the Moehring family.[27] The tornado victims sustained such extreme physical trauma that recovery teams had difficulty distinguishing human remains from animal remains scattered throughout the area. Many of the human remains were never recovered at all.[28] Additionally, about 300 cattle were killed by the storm.

The tornado slowly tracked toward the southwest, which is an exceptionally uncommon movement pattern for tornadoes in North America, then eventually entered a wooded area before dissipating.[2] The tornado produced some of the most extreme ground scouring ever documented, as the earth at and around the Double Creek Estates was scoured out to depths of 18-24 inches (46-61 cm), reducing lush fields of grass to vast expanses of mud. When the tornado crossed county roads outside of Jarrell, it tore away 500-foot (152 m) segments of asphalt from the roads and chipped piece of concrete out of their respected slabs.[2] The tornado also picked up large amounts of loose soil as it deeply scoured the ground, producing a sandblasting effect on nearby houses and their occupants. In addition to the 27 deaths in Double Creek Estates, one person was seriously injured and less than a dozen people suffered minor injuries after the tornado.[29] The tornado left no damage indicators with which to judge higher winds, but video of the tornado shows extremely violent rotation and updraft winds comparable to other F5 tornados. Newspaper articles from 1997 reported wind speeds from 400-500mph. There is currently no way of knowing the true wind speed of this tornado, but many researchers considered the Jarrell storm to be the most violent tornado, in terms of damage intensity, that they had ever seen. [30]

There were 27 fatalities, all in the Double Creek Estates neighborhood. Today, the neighborhood has been rebuilt, and Jarrell Memorial Park was constructed to honor the victims.

F3 Cedar Park tornado

Around the same time as the Jarrell Tornado, another strong tornado formed about 30 miles south in Cedar Park. The tornado formed about 3 miles north of the city causing widespread F0 and F1 damage. The tornado continued south until it reached the central business district where it did extensive damage to an Albertson's Supermarket destroying most of the store and severely injuring one person. The managers Larry Fore, Jerry Trigg and Jay Turney put the majority of the customers in the walk-in freezers, saving their lives. The tornado then continued south-southwest toward the Buttercup Creek subdivision where the tornado caused damage to 136 homes, all suffering between F1 to F3 damage. The tornado caused one indirect fatality, a man who died of a heart attack as he waited out the storm in his truck. The tornado then continued to move more southwest and finally dissipated about 1.1 miles away from the northern shore of Lake Travis. The tornado traveled 9.2 miles and had a maximum width of 250 yards.

F4 Lake Travis tornado

About 45 minutes after the Jarrell tornadoes, another strong tornado formed on the southern shore of Lake Travis. The tornado rapidly intensified to an F3 tornado, causing damage to a marina on shore. Then it increased to F4 intensity, severely damaging a reinforced building containing a telephone switch center and completely destroying a stone house, only leaving the foundation slab behind. The tornado then headed south for a brief period before turning southwest then turning west-southwest, heading towards the Hazy Hills subdivision in the Pedernales Valley in western Travis County. The tornado damaged the subdivision, causing mostly F3 damage to 45 homes with some of those completely destroyed, showing F4 damage. This tornado killed one person as he tried to outrun the storm. The tornado then exited the subdivision and dissipated after travelling 5.6 miles with a maximum width of 440 yards.

Overpass Traffic Jam

Numerous vehicles sought shelter underneath various overpasses as the Jarrell tornado formed and strengthened, turning Interstate 35 into a virtual parking lot. Texas Highway Patrol worsened the traffic jam by stopping both northbound and southbound traffic in anticipation of the tornado moving southeastward and crossing the highway. Had the tornado abruptly changed direction, the death toll could have been much higher as nearly five miles of traffic and hundreds of people were trapped on the highway with no route of escape. However, the tornado moved parallel to Interstate 35 for nearly its entire lifespan in a south-southwestward direction, a very rare occurrence.{{cn|date= December 2018}}

See also

  • List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
  • Ultimate Tornado (documentary)

Notes

1. ^May 27, 1997 Severe Weather Event - National Weather Service Forecast Office - WFO, Austin/San Antonio, Texas
2. ^1 2 3 4 http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/assessments/pdfs/jarrell.pdf
3. ^ 
4. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado West of Lorena, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599218|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Near Eddy, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599219|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado East of Moody, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599220|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Troy, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5623981|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado West-Northwest of Belton, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597312|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado North of Belton, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597314|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Southwest of Belton, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597315|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Near Blooming Grove, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597315|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Prairie Dell, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597318|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado North of Jarrell, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598911|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Jarrell, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598912|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado South of Dawson, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597323|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado West of Jarrell, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598913|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=25 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Southwest of Hubbbard, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5597326|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado North of Cedar Park, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598914|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Four Points, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598915|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Four Points, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598917|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado West of Lakeway, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598918|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado North of Kyle, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599052|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado South of Utopia, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5598930|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northwest of Sisterdale, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599056|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Storm Event Report for Tornado Northeast of Moore, Texas|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5599062|work=NCDC Storm Events Database|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=26 February 2014|author=National Climatic Data Center}}
26. ^Jarrell, Texas Tornado Damage - May 27, 1997
27. ^[https://www.usatoday.com/weather/wtxtrcvr.htm]
28. ^http://www.statesman.com/news/local/memories-town-and-its-tornado/cOYzIaxQ03XQRGTVHx36rO/
29. ^ 
30. ^ 

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

  • National Weather Service Assessment (PDF)
  • Summary of Weather Event of May 27, 1997 (NWS)
  • Aerial Damage Survey of the Central Texas Tornadoes of May 27, 1997 (PDF) (National Weather Service), includes discussion and map of the tornado's track
  • Texas Tornadoes (National Climatic Data Center)
  • Satellite imagery (University of Wisconsin–Madison)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20141108060932/http://www.stormtrack.org/library/logs/chase116.html Storm chaser Lon Curtis's chase log of the event]
  • Highway Overpasses as Tornado Shelters: Fallout from the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma/Kansas Violent Tornado Outbreak
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20131011142336/http://homepages.vvm.com/~curtis/Jarrell/Jarrell.htm "Jarrell" Reprise: A Fresh Look at the Unusual Central Texas Tornado Outbreak of May 27, 1997 by Lon Curtis and Alan R. Moller]
  • May 27, 1997 — The Jarrell, Texas Tornado (Shawn Schuman)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141147/https://stormtrack.org/magazine/1997-11-v21-n1.pdf Stormtrack Magazine Nov/Dec 1997: Jarrell, Texas Tornado Expanded Edition] (PDF)
  • [https://www.weather.gov/ewx/wxevent-19970527 The May 27th 1997 Tornado Outbreak: The 20th Anniversary] (NWS Austin/San Antonio)
  • Jarrell Tornado 20th Anniversary (NWS Fort Worth)
{{1997 tornado outbreaks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1997 Central Texas Tornado Outbreak}}

5 : F5 tornadoes|Tornadoes of 1997|Tornadoes in Texas|1997 in Texas|May 1997 events
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