| 词条 | 1996 New Hampshire Learjet crash |
| 释义 |
|date = 24 December 1996 |type = Controlled flight into terrain |occurrence_type = Accident |site = Dorchester, New Hampshire |coords = {{coord |43|49.56|N|72|00.75|W|region:US-NH_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |aircraft_type = Learjet 35A |operator = Aircraft Charter Group, Inc. |tail_number = N388LS |origin = Bridgeport, Connecticut |destination = Lebanon, New Hampshire |passengers = 0 |crew = 2 |survivors = 0 |summary = Controlled flight into terrain due to loss of situation awareness and crew error |image = Bombardier Learjet 35A, Phoenix Air JP6384947.jpg |alt= |caption = A Learjet 35A similar to the accident aircraft |coordinates= |injuries= |fatalities=2 |missing= |aircraft_name= |stopover= |stopover0= |last_stopover= |image_upright=}} The 1996 New Hampshire Learjet crash involved a Learjet 35A which disappeared on Christmas Eve 1996 near Dorchester, New Hampshire, in the United States. The crash led to the longest missing aircraft search in the state's history, lasting almost three years.[1] Media attention eventually resulted in Congressional legislation mandating improved Emergency locator transmitters (ELT) be installed in U.S.-registered business jets.[2] Crash informationThe aircraft involved, registration N388LS, was operated by the Aircraft Charter Group and flown by pilots Johan Schwartz and Patrick Hayes for a repositioning flight to Lebanon, New Hampshire. They left Sikorsky Memorial Airport in Bridgeport, Connecticut at 09:19am and 25 minutes later were flying the approach into Lebanon Municipal Airport. After one attempt at the ILS approach, the crew reported that they were unable to receive the localizer, when they were actually several miles off course. They presumed ground equipment failure, and the pilot told the tower that he was executing a missed approach. The aircraft's last radar contact was as it proceeded outbound, seven nautical miles (13 km) northeast of the VOR, at {{convert|4800|ft|m|abbr=on}}.[3] As the business jet neared the inbound course to the VOR, the captain called out the outer marker. The first officer agreed, and the captain stated that they could descend to 2,300 feet. Shortly thereafter, the first officer stated that he was descending the aircraft to 2,300 feet. Three seconds later, the Learjet impacted trees, then terrain. The wreckage was located at an altitude of 2,300 feet, on rising mountainous terrain, 061 degrees magnetic, 12.5 nautical miles from the VOR. It was raining and foggy at the time. Searches were mounted, unsuccessfully. The wreckage was found near Smarts Mountain almost three years later, on November 13, 1999, about {{convert|20|mi|km}} from the airport. Debris was spread over a {{convert|150|yd|m|adj=on}} area in dense forest. The aircraft had descended into the ground {{convert|10.3|nmi|km}} earlier than normal. The cause of the accident was listed as: {{cquote|The captain's failure to maintain situational awareness, which resulted in the airplane being outside the confines of the instrument approach; and the crew's misinterpretation of a step-down fix passage, which resulted in an early descent into rising terrain. Factors included the captain's misreading of the instrument approach procedure, the crew's rushed and incomplete instrument approach briefing, their failure to use additional, available navigational aids, and their failure to account for the winds at altitude.[4]}}ELT implicationsThe crashed aircraft had no ELT on board, as that class of aircraft when used for FAR Part 135 charter operations, was exempt from the Federal requirements for this type of beacon. As a result, Congress directed the FAA to require the installation of 406 MHz ELTs in all business jets (replacing the 121.5 MHz units installed in some).[5] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nhahs.org/Newsletters/SummerAeronautR61.pdf|last=Ferns|first=Jack|title=From the Cockpit|journal=The Aeronaut|date=Summer 2006|publisher=New Hampshire Aviation Historical Society}} {{Refbegin}}{{Refend}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ainonline.com/Features/cabinavionics.html |title=Cabin & Cockpit Avionics |last1=Pope | first1=Stephen |date=March 2004 |website=Aviation International News|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605172013/http://www.ainonline.com/Features/cabinavionics.html|archivedate= 5 June 2004}} 3. ^Detailed NTSB report of the crash 4. ^NTSB accident brief 5. ^{{cite web |title=US business jets grounded as FAA transmitter mandate takes effect |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/us-business-jets-grounded-as-faa-transmitter-mandate-takes-effect-175900/ |publisher=Flight Global |accessdate=October 11, 2015 |date=January 6, 2004}} External links
See also
{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 1996}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1996 New Hampshire Learjet Crash}} 9 : Aviation accidents and incidents in 1996|Aviation accidents and incidents in New Hampshire|Aviation accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain|Disasters in New Hampshire|Transportation in Grafton County, New Hampshire|Learjet aircraft|1996 in New Hampshire|Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1996|December 1996 events |
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