| 词条 | John Langdon Brooks |
| 释义 |
John Langdon Brooks (1920-2000) was an American evolutionary biologist, ecologist and limnologist. Brooks was born in 1920, probably in Hamden, Connecticut, his father was John Alexander Brooks and his mother was Grace Evelyn Langdon, he had a sister Helen and a brother Richard.[1] Brooks attended Yale University where he studied under the guidance of G. Evelyn Hutchinson.[2][3] He remained at Yale, at the Osborn Zoological Laboratory, until 1969 where he worked on the ecology and evolution of freshwater biota. During this period he co-authored an article with Stanley Dodson entitled Predation, Body Size and Composition of Plankton which was published in Science in October 1965. This article discussed the effect of an introduced predator, the alewife, on the planktonic fauna of lakes in New England and has been widely cited.[4] He was the first editor of the journal Systematic Zoology, his tenure lasting from 1952 to 1957.[5] Brooks joined the National Science Foundation in 1969 and in 1981 he became Director of the Division of Environmental Biology with responsibility for the programs of the Foundation on Ecology, Population Biology and Physiological Ecology, Ecosystem Studies, Systematic Biology, and Biological Research Resources.[4] Brooks was also interested in the history of the understanding of evolution and in 1981-82 he took a sabbatical from the NSF to write Just Before the Origin: Alfred Russel Wallace's Theory of Evolution which was published in 1984. In this book Brooks sets out Alfred Russel Wallace's development of his concepts on evolution using Wallace's essays written from 1848 to 1858 as well as inferences in both published and unpublished papers written by Wallace. A large part of the information used by Brooks in this book had not been accessible to authors before this. The closing chapters of the book recount the events leading up to 1 July 1858 when the paper co-authored by Wallace and Charles Darwin was read to the Linnean Society in London.[4] One aspect of this book which generated some controversy was Brooks' findings that Darwin may have plagiarized some of Wallace's work for On the Origin of Species, particularly the "principle of divergence", and this has not found support among other scholars in this field.[6] Brooks retired from the NSF in June 1989.[4] Brooks played an important in the development of the NSF's Long Term Ecological Research Program which studies the changes in ecosystems in a number of nature reserves over extended periods.[7] Selected bibliographyThe following is a selected bibliography of works authored or co-authored by Brooks:[8]
LegacyA haplochromine cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi was named Otopharynx brooksi in his honor in 1989 by M.K. Oliver.[9] References1. ^{{cite web | url = https://belltowerfuneralhome.com/tribute/details/282/Helen-Beebe/obituary.html | title = Obituary of Helen Beebe | accessdate = 30 December 2018 | publisher = Bell Tower Funeral Home | date = 2013}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brooks, John Langdon}}2. ^{{cite journal |title=George Evelyn Hutchison 13 January 1903 — 17 May 1991 Elected for MemRS 1983| author = Thomas E. Lovejoy | year = 2011 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 57 | pages = 167–177|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2010.0016}} 3. ^{{cite journal | author = Frank N. Egerton | year = 2016 | title = Part 57: Aspects of Limnology in America, 1930s to about 1990, Led by Hutchinson and Hasler | journal = Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America | volume = 97 | issue = 3 | pages = 228–282| doi = 10.1002/bes2.1242 }} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | author = Norma Fowler | url = https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2307/20167202 | title = On the retirement of John Langdon Brooks from the NSF | accessdate = 30 December 2018 | year = 1990 | journal = Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America | volume = 71 | issue = 3 | pages = 164–165| jstor = 20167202 }} 5. ^{{cite book | author = Joe Cain | editor1 = David M. Williams | editor2 = Peter L. Forey | year = 2004 | chapter = Launching the Society of Systematic Zoology | title = Milestones in Systematics | series = Systematics Association Special Volumes | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 978-0203643037}} 6. ^{{cite book | author = Iain McCalman | url = https://books.google.com/?id=r3FPKHUzSmYC&pg=PT224&lpg=PT224&dq=%22John+Langdon+Brooks%22+obituary#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Langdon%20Brooks%22%20obituary&f=false | title = Darwin's Armada: Four Voyagers to the Southern Oceans and Their Battle for the Theory of Evolution | year = 2009 | publisher = Simon & Schuster | isbn = 978-1847377180}} 7. ^{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=CkFuLsV5tuMC&pg=PR5&lpg=PR5&dq=John+Langdon+Brooks#v=onepage&q=John%20Langdon%20Brooks&f=false | editor1 = John J. Magnuson | editor2 = Timothy K. Kratz | editor3 = Barbara J. Benson | year = 2006 | title = Long-term Dynamics of Lakes in the Landscape: Long-term Ecological Research on North Temperate Lakes | series = Long-Term Ecological Research Network series | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0195136906}} 8. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ABrooks%2C+John+Langdon%2C&fq=&dblist=638&start=11&qt=page_number_link | title = Search results for 'au:Brooks, John Langdon,' | accessdate = 30 December 2018 | publisher = WorldCat}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae4/ | title = Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (l-o) | accessdate = 30 December 2018 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | last-author-amp = yes | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 4 December 2018}} 6 : 1920 births|2000 deaths|Yale University alumni|Yale University staff|Limnologists|20th-century American scientists |
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