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词条 Lamentations 1
释义

  1. Text

  2. Textual versions

  3. Verse 1

  4. Verse 7

  5. See also

  6. Notes and references

  7. Further reading

  8. Bibliography

  9. External links

     Jewish  Christian 
{{Bible chapter|letname= Lamentations 1 |previouslink= Jeremiah 52 |previousletter= Jeremiah 52 |nextlink= Lamentations 2 |nextletter= chapter 2 |book=Book of Lamentations |biblepart=Old Testament | booknum= 25 |hbiblepart= Ketuvim | hbooknum = 6 |category= The five scrolls | filename= Book of Lamentations on Codex sinaiticus.jpg |size=250px | name=Book of Lamentations, Codex sinaiticus |caption=
Lamentations 1:1 - 1:11 on the first page of Book of Lamentations in Codex Sinaiticus (AD 330-350).
}}Lamentations 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Lamentations in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.{{sfn|Collins|2014}}{{sfn|Hayes|2015}} This book contains the elegies of prophet Jeremiah, as he laments the former excellence and present misery of Jerusalem (Lamentations 1:1-11); Complaining of her grief (Lamentations 1:12-17); confesses the righteousness of God's judgments and prays to him (Lamentations 1:18-22).[1] It is a part of the Ketuvim ("Writings").[1][2]

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

The chapter is acrostic, divided into 22 stanzas or verses. The stanzas consist of triplets of lines (except Lamentations 1:7, which contains four lines) each beginning with the letters of the Hebrew alphabet in regular order (twenty-two in number).[1]

Textual versions

Some ancient witnesses for the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Some fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., 4Q111 (4QLam; 30‑1 BCE) with extant verses 1‑15, 17, 16, 18[3][4][5] and 3Q3 (3QLam; 30 BCE‑50 CE) with extant verses 10‑12.[4]{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|p=750}}{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=28}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}

Verse 1

How doth the city sit solitary,

that was full of people!

how is she become as a widow!

she that was great among the nations,

and princess among the provinces,

how is she become tributary![6]

  • "How" (Hebrew: איכה Eichah): the Hebrew word is the title more frequently given by the Jews to these Elegies.[7] It is the characteristic introductory word of an elegy (cf. {{bibleref2|Isaiah|1:21|KJV}}; {{bibleref2|Isaiah|14:4,12|KJV}}), and adopted as the title of the Book of Lamentations. It is repeated at the opening of chapter 2 and chapter 4.[11]
  • "Sit solitary": The city of Jerusalem here is "poetically personified and distinguished from the persons who accidentally compose her population". The word "solitary" does not mean "into solitude", but "deserted by her inhabitants" (the same word as in first clause in {{bibleref2|Isaiah| 27:10|NKJV}}).[8]
  • "Great among the nations": one that "ruled over many nations" and, in the times of David and Solomon, received tribute from the Philistines, Edomites, Moabites, and Syrians, but later was forced to pay tribute herself, e.g. to Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt, then, in the times of Jehoiakim until Zedekiah, to the king of Babylon.[9][10]
  • "Tributary": has the sense of "personal labor" {{bibleref2|Joshua|16:10}}.[11]

Verse 7

Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction

and of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old,

when her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her:

the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths.[12]

There is an alternative reading in 4QLam (4Q111) compared to Masoretic text in the beginning of this verse.[13][14]

Remember O YHWH [al]l our pains that existed from days of old.

When her [people] fell in/by the hand of a foe and there was no helper,

her foes laughed about her ruins.[13]

See also

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • Jacob
  • Judah
{{col-2}}
  • Jerusalem
  • Zion
{{col-end}}
  • Related Bible parts: 2 Kings 25, 2 Chronicles 36, Jeremiah 39, Jeremiah 52, Ezekiel 24

Notes and references

1. ^Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
2. ^Keck, Leander E. 2001. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
3. ^{{Cite book | editor-last = Ulrich | editor-first = Eugene | editorlink = Eugene Ulrich | title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants | year = 2010 | pages = 749–752 | publisher = Brill | url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls |access-date= May 15, 2017 | isbn= 9789004181830}}
4. ^1 [https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#lamentations Dead sea scrolls - General Info - Lamentations]
5. ^{{Cite book|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.| authorlink = Joseph Fitzmyer | publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Guide_to_the_Dead_Sea_Scrolls_and_Rela.html?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008 | pages = 43 |isbn = 9780802862419 | location = Grand Rapids, MI | access-date= February 15, 2019}}
6. ^{{bibleverse|Lamentations|1:1|KJV}} KJV
7. ^1 2 Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Lamentations 1". 1871.{{PD-notice}}
8. ^1 Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Lamentations 1". 23 volumes. First publication: 1890.{{PD-notice}}
9. ^Targum states, "she that was great among the people, and ruled over the provinces that paid tribute to her, returns to be depressed; and after this to give tribute to them." as quoted in Gill, Lamentations 1.
10. ^Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "Lamentations 1". Published in 1746-1763.{{PD-notice}}
11. ^Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - "Lamentations 1". James Murphy (ed). London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.{{PD-notice}}
12. ^{{bibleref2|Lamentations|1:7|KJV}}
13. ^1 Kotzé, Gideon. "Text-Critical Analysis of Lamentations 1:7 in 4QLam and the Masoretic Text," Old Testament Essays 24/3 (2011): 590-611. Quote: "4QLam preserves a large number of variant readings and is, therefore, a unique representative of the wording and content of this chapter. The wording of Lam 1:7 in 4QLam is a good example of this manuscript’s unique character...
:{{Hebrew|זכו֯רה יהוה [כו]ל מכאובנו אשר היו מימי קדם}}: {{Hebrew|בנפל [עמ]ה ביד צר ואין עוזר צריה שחקו על}}: {{Hebrew|ל משבריה}}
English: Remember O YHWH [al]l our pains that existed from days of old. When her [people] fell in/by the hand of a foe and there was no helper, her foes laughed about her ruins."
14. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=SBMXnB4CRpUC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=4QLam&source=bl&ots=E5mSa51-2y&sig=OQhvwOUto2sQAUxm38xBaxhLB4k&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWjLDMsobSAhXnzFQKHegAAUsQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=4QLam&f=false James VanderKam, Peter Flint. "The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance For Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity"], A&C Black, 2005. Page 135-137. {{ISBN|9780567084682}}

Further reading

  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=5bwdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=4QLam&source=bl&ots=0WNHk4mlB0&sig=UiOq-dP8TPItS0B9gQ1_mC7taPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWjLDMsobSAhXnzFQKHegAAUsQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=4QLam&f=false Kotzé, Gideon. "The Qumran Manuscripts of Lamentations: A Text-Critical Study"]. Studia Semitica Neerlandica BRILL, 2013. {{ISBN|9789004242098}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{Cite book

|last = Collins
|first = John J.
|title = Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures
|publisher = Fortress Press
|year = 2014
|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305&dq=%22there+is+no+doubt+that+the+book+was+edited+in+the+southern+kingdom%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRiJyupeHSAhWHupQKHcnLCrAQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22there%20is%20no%20doubt%20that%20the%20book%20was%20edited%20in%20the%20southern%20kingdom%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
  • {{Cite book

|last = Hayes
|first = Christine
|title = Introduction to the Bible
|publisher = Yale University Press
|year = 2015
|url = https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC&pg=PT242&dq=%22Amos+is+structured+in+four+main+sections%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi44Kmyq-HSAhXCLpQKHRs5DoIQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=%22Amos%20is%20structured%20in%20four%20main%20sections%22&f=false
|ref = harv
}}
  • {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | authorlink = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Text_of_the_Old_Testament.html?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}
{{Refend}}

External links

{{Portal|Bible}}

Jewish

  • Lamentations 1 Hebrew with Parallel English
  • Lamentations 1 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

Christian

  • Lamentations 1 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
{{Book of Lamentations}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamentations 01}}

2 : Lamentations 1|Book of Lamentations chapters
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