| 词条 | Belvedere, London |
| 释义 |
|country = England |map_type = Greater London |region= London |population= 11,890 |population_ref= (2011 Census. Ward)[1] |official_name= Belvedere |coordinates = {{coord|51.4856|0.1541|display=inline,title}} |constituency_westminster= Erith & Thamesmead |post_town= BELVEDERE |london_borough= Bexley |postcode_area=DA |postcode_district=DA17 |dial_code= 020 {{#tag:ref|The area code to the west and north of the railway station is 020 and to the east and south of the station it is 01322 (Dartford)|group= n}} |dial_code1=01322 |os_grid_reference= TQ495785 |static_image_name=All Saints Church, Belvedere, Kent - geograph.org.uk - 871595.jpg |static_image_caption=All Saints Church |static_image_2_name=Congregational Church, Picardy Road, Belvedere, Kent - geograph.org.uk - 147119.jpg |static_image_2_caption=Village streetscene with the Congregational Church }} Belvedere {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|E|l|v|ə|d|ɪər}} is a town in the London Borough of Bexley, in the historic county of Kent and ceremonial county of Greater London. It lies South of the River Thames, East of Abbey Wood and Thamesmead, West of Erith, and North of Bexleyheath. HistoryThe area which is today known as Belvedere was for centuries part of Lesness Heath,[2] the eastern parts of a narrow high ridge which stretches from the area of Lesnes Abbey to Erith. The northern stretch is industrial and environmental and was common meadow. In 1847 this largely uncultivated, wooded estate, almost undivided was given by operation of the will of last Lord Saye and Sele to his cousin Sir Culling Eardley, who built properties in Belvedere until his death in 1863. Eardley constructed a large wooden tower (see Belvedere (structure)) on the heath to gain views over his estate to the river Thames, giving the area its name from the Italian "beautiful view". The name can also be applied today, as the ridge of the area, and parts of its southern uplands, have commanding views towards Canary Wharf and Central London.{{#tag:ref|For example in (and from certain homes in) the central and southern streets, Heron Hill and Ruskin Road.|group= n}} Eardley was persuaded to allow the construction on his property, of a Dissenters' chapel, which was built so that the original wooden belvedere became its tower. In order that the public were able to attend this chapel, he constructed paths to it across Lesness Heath. Eardley had finished in 1861, after nearly 8 years of building, his chapel, now All Saints' Church, after the earlier chapel with belvedere burned down on the same site.[3] At the same time Eardley constructed Villa Houses and reinforced the heath path to become Erith Road. Belvedere village soon grew up along the path which became Bexley Road (from March 1939 known as Nuxley road after the small heath located 1Km south) as Eardley gradually sold off the land. Belvedere Explosion of 1864At about 6.40 am on Saturday the first of October 1864 there was a massive explosion which totally destroyed two commercial gunpowder factories, situated in isolation on the Belvedere side of Erith Marshes, along with their store magazines and a couple of barges that were being loaded with barrels of gunpowder at the time. The explosion was heard over a 50 miles radius, and the shock wave was so intense that people in central London were convinced that there had been an earthquake. One report at the time said that as rescuers hurried to the site they found a massive crater and absolutely no signs of any buildings were left “it was if the place had been swept clean by a broom”. Surprisingly there were only around twenty casualties, as though the explosion was huge, the remote location prevented greater loss of life.[4]
Belvedere was in Kent and formed part of the Municipal Borough of Erith before 1965 and development took place before the Second World War, with significant reconstruction after the Blitz. Despite this, Upper Belvedere and The Village still retains much of its Victorian and Edwardian charm and character. Between 1898 and 1961 Callender's Cable Works, at the Erith Works, Belvedere, was patron to Callender's Cableworks Band, an amateur brass band made up of employees of the company. The band was a prolific broadcaster on BBC Radio in the 1920s and 1930s.[5] Flood of 1953The North Sea Flood of 1953 hit the area of Belvedere Marshes badly, leaving the 1700 gypsies who lived there with nothing. One person died in the flooding and hundreds had their homes damaged. Queen Elizabeth II came to visit the communities of Erith and Belvedere, who were without electricity for weeks, to pay her respects.[6] Controversy Over NameThere has been a lot of controversy with local residents over recent years about the correct name of the "village" area of Belvedere incorporating the triangle of Nuxley Road, Albert Road, and Woolwich Road. Council road signs call it Belvedere Village, maps and the post office list the area as Belvedere, but some locals call it Nuxley Village after the road. Many residents informally call the area "The Village". The origins of Nuxley Village is believed to come from estate agents upselling the area. SubdistrictsWithin the ward are:
LandmarksUpper Belvedere features a fine church and some fine Victorian & Edwardian brick villas. It has a number of fine pubs, restaurants and retail outlets: The Eardley Arms and the Prince of Wales on Woolwich Road, The Victoria on Victoria Street, The Royal Standard, The Village Inn (formerly the Queens Head) and The Fox all on Nuxley road.[7] Upper Belvedere is also home to a large park and a library that was in danger of being shut down due to the government's cuts. Fortunately closure threats have been averted thanks to the efforts of the local community. A new 'Splash Park' (opened in 2005, closed in 2016) was a welcomed addition to the village, having been developed on the site of the old Victorian paddling pool. The splash park retained some of the original paddling pool structures. The Splash Park was closed in 2016 and replaced with a new play area called Belvedere Beach, this opened to the public on the 27th of July 2017. Lower Belvedere is smaller and more industrial and has a Methodist chapel, a Sikh Temple and borders to its north the high technology sludge, methane incinerator, a small industrial park, large waste incinerator and Joseph Bazalgette's Crossness Sewage Treatment Works and is closer to the railway station than Upper Belvedere. Lower Belvedere is also the location of the Belvedere Community Forum,[8] which runs and meets at Belvedere Community Centre.[9]The Grade II Listed Bexley College was designed in 1906 by W Egerton in the Queen Anne style and is on residential Erith Road on the last part of the ridge, in the east of the district on the border of Erith.[10] The Woolwich Road Conservation Area was designation in February 1992, by Bexley Council due to its special Victorian character and high concentration of historical buildings in a small area. The conservation area includes the Eardley Arms public house, Prince of Wales public house, DVLA Driving Test Centre (the original Belvedere Police Station built in the 1880s), Belvedere Recreation Grounds and the large residential villas and semi detached houses along Woolwich Road and Gloucester Road. These houses were for the wealthier Victorian families of the area, possibly for the professional classes or for the managers or owners of the businesses which located in Erith and Woolwich.[11] The former Woolwich Road police station was built in 1881 at a cost of £3386 and designed to blend in with the adjacent houses. Belvedere at that time had a strength of two inspectors, three sergeants, and twenty six constables. It remained an active police station until 1968, when the present station was built on the corner of Nuxley Road and Woolwich Road.[12] Places of worship
DemographyAs of the 2011 census, 65% of the population is White British, followed by 12% Black African.[13] PoliticsCouncillors for the Belvedere Ward of Bexley London Borough Council are Daniel Francis (Labour), Gill MacDonald (Labour) and Seán Newman (Labour). Belvedere lies within the Erith and Thamesmead constituency (MP Teresa Pearce, Labour), and is in the Bexley and Bromley London Assembly constituency, represented by James Cleverly (Conservative). EducationFor education in Belvedere, London see the main London Borough of Bexley article SportErith and Belvedere Football Club recently moved to Welling in a ground-sharing arrangement. Belvedere Football Club play at Memorial Sports Ground, Woolwich Road, Abbey Wood and compete in the Kent County League Division One (West). Bexleyheath and Belvedere Hockey Club are based in Welling, but play some home matches at Erith School.[14] TransportRailBelvedere railway station, opened in 1859, is in Lower Belvedere and is served by the North Kent Line which runs from London Cannon Street to Dartford/Gravesend/Gillingham (Kent). Belvedere also benefits from the DLR connection at nearby Woolwich, and will benefit further with the arrival of the long-awaited 'Crossrail' extension in neighbouring Abbey Wood in 2019. BusesBelvedere is served by several Transport for London Bus services connecting it with areas including Thamesmead, Erith, Bexleyheath, Woolwich and Sidcup. Green Chain WalkThe Green Chain Walk is largely east-west route along the northern slopes of the ridge, stretching from Plumstead Common to Erith, it provides a shortcut to the Thames Path - to which it is linked in three locations. MotoringDriving test statistics from the DVSA for the year 2013-14 showed that Belvedere test centre had the lowest pass rate in Great Britain.[15] The proposed Belvedere Crossing across the River Thames would be either a bridge or tunnel between Belvedere and Rainham.[16] GeographyBelvedere borders the River Thames to the north, Erith to the north east and east, Northumberland Heath to the south east and south, West Heath to the south west, Abbey Wood to the west and Thamesmead to the north west. Notable residents
See also
Notes and references
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13688572&c=Belvedere&d=14&e=62&g=6318896&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1476471438594&enc=1|title=Bexley Ward population 2011|accessdate=14 October 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021060352/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13688572&c=Belvedere&d=14&e=62&g=6318896&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1476471438594&enc=1|archive-date=21 October 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51104 |title=Lenham - Levens |editor=Samuel Lewis |editor-link=Samuel Lewis (publisher) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1848 |work=A Topographical Dictionary of England |accessdate=20 June 2013 }} 3. ^All Saints' Church - Grade II {{National Heritage List for England|num=1064197|accessdate=20 June 2013}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://arthurpewtysmaggotsandwich.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/erith-fun-day.html|title=Erith Fun Day.|website=arthurpewtysmaggotsandwich.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=2017-11-12}} 5. ^Callender's Band performance programme or handout leaflet, 16 Dec 1932 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.bexleytimes.co.uk/news/remembering-the-belvedere-floods-60-years-on-1-1805709|title=Remembering the Belvedere floods, 60 years on|last=Cottle|first=Robin|work=Bexley Times|access-date=2017-10-28|language=en}} 7. ^Erroneously called by some 'Nuxley Village' because the main road is 'Nuxley Road'. Nuxley was the name of a small heath that used to exist some 1Km south of the village, which was cleared in the 1815 land enclosure act, the road takes its name from this. 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=13233|title=Belvedere Community Forum|first=Bexley Civic Offices|last=London Borough of Bexley|date=9 February 2012|publisher=|access-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150531015557/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=13233|archive-date=31 May 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://belvederecommunitycentre.org.uk/|title=belvederecommunitycentre.org.uk|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web |url =http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-475520-bexley-college-former-erith-technical-in |title =Bexley College (Former Erith Technical Institute) Including Attached Walls Railings and Gatepiers, Bexley |website =www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk |accessdate=22 December 2013 }} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bexley.gov.uk/sites/bexley-cms/files/Woolwich-Road-Conservation-Area-Appraisal-and-Management-Plan.pdf|title=Woolwich Road Conservation Area Appraisal And Management Plan|last=Council|first=Bexley|date=June 2008|website=www.bexley.gov.uk|access-date=}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ErithandBelvedereHistSoc/posts/644419959020609|title=Erith and Belvedere Local History Society|last=|first=|date=January 2015|website=|access-date=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/belvedere-e05000065|title=Belvedere - UK Census Data 2011|first=Good Stuff IT|last=Services|publisher=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbhockey.co.uk/index.php|title=BBHC Hockey Club|accessdate=2013-03-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031125938/http://www.bbhockey.co.uk/index.php|archivedate=31 October 2012|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{Cite web|title = Where's the toughest UK driving test?|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-31802087|website = BBC News|accessdate = 2015-06-01|first = David|last = Lumb|date = 2015-06-01}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://consultations.tfl.gov.uk/rivercrossings/east-of-silvertown?cid=east-london-crossings|title=Have your say on new river crossings in east and southeast London |publisher=Transport for London}} 17. ^{{cite book |last=Lafranchi |first=Pierre |title=Moving with the Ball: The Migration of Professional Footballers |publisher=Berg Publishers |page=52 |year=2001 |isbn=1-85973-302-6}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Alec Debnam|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/6/6560/6560.html|website=cricketarchive.com|accessdate=25 November 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Surnames beginning with D|url=http://www.bexley.gov.uk/article/3309/Surnames-beginning-with-D|website=bexley.gov.uk|accessdate=9 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129021611/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/article/3309/Surnames-beginning-with-D|archive-date=29 November 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Nottingham Forest at 150: Flashback: Goal-hero Dwight watches rest of final from hospital|url=http://www.nottinghampost.com/nottingham-forest-150-flashback-goal-hero-dwight/story-28227076-detail/story.html|accessdate=25 November 2016|work=Nottingham Post|date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228110021/http://www.nottinghampost.com/Nottingham-Forest-150-Flashback-Goal-hero-Dwight/story-28227076-detail/story.html|archive-date=28 December 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Millwall Players E-L|url=http://www.millwall-history.org.uk/Millwall-A2Z-EtoL.htm|website=millwall-history.org.uk|accessdate=25 November 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/england/content/player/15917.html |title=Alan Knott | England Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials | ESPN Cricinfo |publisher=Cricinfo.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-27}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Surnames beginning with S|url=http://www.bexley.gov.uk/article/3376/Surnames-beginning-with-S|website=bexley.gov.uk|accessdate=9 December 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075528/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/article/3376/Surnames-beginning-with-S|archivedate=20 December 2016|df=dmy-all}} 24. ^F. C. J. Spurrell, Kentish Antiquary and Archaeologist, Nesta D. Caiger
External links
4 : Areas of London|Districts of the London Borough of Bexley|Districts of London on the River Thames|Port of London |
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