“Benjamin Civiletti”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Benjamin Richard Civiletti (born July 17, 1935) served as the United States Attorney General during the Carter administration, from 1979 to 1981. He was the first Italian American to serve as Attorney General. He is a former senior partner in the Washington, D.C., law firm of Venable LLP, where he specialized in commercial litigation and internal investigations, and in 2005 became the first U.S. lawyer to charge $1,000 an hour.

Since 2001, Civiletti is one of the three members of the Independent Review Board,^[1] a board that the International Brotherhood of Teamsters union must answer to when allegations of corruption or organized crime infiltration surface under the terms of a 1992 consent decree issued by a federal district court judgment.^[2]

Early life and career

Born in Peekskill, New York, in 1935. Civiletti graduated from Johns Hopkins University, where he received an A.B. in psychology in 1957,^[3] and from the University of Maryland School of Law in Baltimore, Maryland, where he received a LLB in 1961.^[4]^[5]

Civiletti was a law clerk for W. Calvin Chesnut, a judge on the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, and became an Assistant United States Attorney in Baltimore a year after graduating from law school.

Civiletti was serving as the Deputy Attorney General when his boss Griffin B. Bell resigned. He was elevated to the top job in the Justice Department on July 19, 1979. Although Bell resigned voluntarily, his resignation occurred during a major Cabinet shakeup in the Carter administration. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr. and Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal also resigned the same day. Transportation Secretary Brock Adams soon followed.

Civiletti had come to Bell's attention when he was forming the Justice Department for the newly elected president by Carter's close confidant, Charles Kirbo, a law partner of Bell's who had once been involved in a case with Civiletti. Civiletti served as assistant attorney general in charge of the Criminal Division and was elevated to deputy attorney general after the resignation of Carter's first deputy attorney general, Peter F. Flaherty, the former mayor of Pittsburgh.

As the Attorney General, Civiletti argued several important cases on behalf of the U.S. government. Notably, he argued before the International Court of Justice on behalf of Americans being held captive in Iran during the Iran hostage crisis, in the Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran.^[6] He also argued before the Supreme Court in support of the government's right to denaturalize Nazi war criminals in Fedorenko v. United States.

Opinions written by Civiletti as attorney general, which interpreted the Constitution and federal law to say that government cannot operate until Congress agrees on a spending bill, set the stage for partial government shutdowns in later years.^[7]

While serving as Attorney General, and in spite of public opposition from Puerto Rico's Governor who believed it would encourage more terrorism, Civiletti recommended, and President Carter agreed, to a commutation of sentences to time served for four unrepentant Puerto Rican nationalists convicted of shooting five U.S. Congressmen at the U.S. Capitol.^[8]^[9]

On July 10, 2008, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley announced that Civiletti would serve as the chairman of the Maryland Commission on Capital Punishment, set up to study the application of capital punishment in Maryland and make a recommendation on the abolition of the death penalty in Maryland.^[5] On November 12, 2008, the Commission voted 13-7, with Civiletti voting with the majority, to recommend that the Maryland General Assembly abolish capital punishment in the state.^[10]

Personal life

Civiletti and his wife, the former Gaile L. Lundgren, had three children, Benjamin H., Andrew S. and Lynne T. Civiletti.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://teamster.org/content/independent-review-board|title=The Independent Review Board|access-date=2018-01-19}}
2. ^The Independent Review Board.
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.venable.com/benjamin-r-civiletti/|title=Benjamin R. Civiletti|publisher=Venable LLP|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}
4. ^[https://www.venable.com/benjamin-r-civiletti/]
5. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.governor.maryland.gov/pressreleases/080710b.asp|title=Governor O'Malley Announces Benjamin Civiletti as Chairman of Maryland Commission on Capital Punishment, Announces Commission Members|date=July 10, 2008|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Office of the Governor|accessdate=July 15, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621174329/http://www.governor.maryland.gov//pressreleases/080710b.asp|archivedate=June 21, 2010|df=}}
6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/64/9553.pdf |title=Transcript |access-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223012239/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/64/9553.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-23 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |title=The Lawyer Who Raised The Shutdown Stakes |author=Scott Horsley |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/08/135247483/who-raised-the-stakes-in-government-shutdown |website=NPR |publisher=NPR |accessdate=12 January 2019 |date=8 April 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=Puerto Rican Nationalists Announcement of the President's Commutation of Sentences |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/249448 |website=The American Presidency Project |accessdate=12 January 2019 |date=6 September 1979}}
9. ^{{cite web |title=Nation: We Have Nothing to Repent |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947395,00.html |website=TIME |publisher=Time Inc. |accessdate=12 January 2019 |date=24 September 1979}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2008-11-13/news/0811120184_1_death-penalty-executions-in-maryland-capital-punishment|title=Repeal of death penalty urged|author1=Dechter, Gadi|author2=Smitherman, Laura|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=November 13, 2008|accessdate=July 15, 2010}}