“Beta Carinae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The star's historical name Miaplacidus made its debut on star maps in 1856 when the star atlas Geography of the Heavens, composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, was published. The meaning and linguistic origin of the name remained an enigma for many decades, until William Higgins, a great scholar and expert on star names, surmised that the name Miaplacidus is apparently a bilingual combination of Arabic مياه miyāh for 'waters' and Latin placidus for 'placid'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[3] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[4] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Miaplacidus for this star.

In Chinese, {{lang|zh|南船}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Nán Chuán}}), meaning Southern Boat, refers to an asterism consisting of β Carinae, V337 Carinae, PP Carinae, θ Carinae and ω Carinae .^[5] Consequently, β Carinae itself is known as {{lang|zh|南船五}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Nán Chuán wǔ}}, {{lang-en|the Fifth Star of Southern Boat}}.)^[6]

Physical properties

The stellar classification of A1 III^[4] suggests this is an evolved giant star, although Malagnini and Morossi (1990) rated it as an A2 IV subgiant star.^[12] It has an estimated age of 260 million years.^[19] This star does not show an excess emission of infrared radiation that might otherwise suggest the presence of a debris disk.^[19] It has about 3.5 times the Sun's mass and has expanded to almost seven times the radius of the Sun.^[12] Presently is it radiating 288 times as much luminosity as the Sun^[12] from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 8,866 K.^[4] Despite its enlarged girth, this star still shows a rapid rotation rate, with a projected rotational velocity of {{nowrap|146 km/s}}.^[18]

References

1. ^{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|pages=0|author1=Ducati|first1=J. R.|year=2002}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
5. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.
6. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063012/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm |date=2011-01-30 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
7. ^¹{{citation | title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation | last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch. | journal=Astronomy Letters | volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012 | bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 | arxiv=1108.4971 | postscript=. }}
8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{citation | last1=Malagnini | first1=M. L. | last2=Morossi | first2=C. | title=Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=85 | issue=3 | pages=1015–1019 |date=November 1990 | bibcode=1990A&AS...85.1015M }}
9. ^¹{{cite simbad | title=* bet Car | accessdate=2005-11-05 }}
10. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Díaz | first1=C. G. | last2=González | first2=J. F. | last3=Levato | first3=H. | last4=Grosso | first4=M. | title=Accurate stellar rotational velocities using the Fourier transform of the cross correlation maximum | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=531 | page=A143 |date=July 2011 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201016386 | bibcode=2011A&A...531A.143D |arxiv = 1012.4858 }}
11. ^¹²³{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Su | first1=K. Y. L. | last2=Rieke | first2=G. H. | last3=Stansberry | first3=J. A. | last4=Bryden | first4=G. | last5=Stapelfeldt | first5=K. R. | last6=Trilling | first6=D. E. | last7=Muzerolle | first7=J. | last8=Beichman | first8=C. A. | last9=Moro-Martin | first9=A. | title=Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=653 | issue=1 | pages=675–689 |date=December 2006 | doi=10.1086/508649 | bibcode=2006ApJ...653..675S |arxiv = astro-ph/0608563 }}
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gray | first1=R. O. | last2=Corbally | first2=C. J. | last3=Garrison | first3=R. F. | last4=McFadden | first4=M. T. | last5=Bubar | first5=E. J. | last6=McGahee | first6=C. E. | last7=O'Donoghue | first7=A. A. | last8=Knox | first8=E. R. | title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=132 | issue=1 | pages=161–170 |date=July 2006 | doi=10.1086/504637 | bibcode=2006AJ....132..161G | arxiv=astro-ph/0603770 }}
13. ^¹{{citation | display-authors=1 | title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions | journal=Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb | volume=35 | last1=Wielen | first1=R. | last2=Schwan | first2=H. | last3=Dettbarn | first3=C. | last4=Lenhardt | first4=H. | last5=Jahreiß | first5=H. | last6=Jährling | first6=R. | publisher=Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg | issue=35 | year=1999 | bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W }}
14. ^¹²{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Iriarte | first2=B. | last3=Mitchell | first3=R. I. | last4=Wisniewskj | first4=W. Z. | title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | issue=99 | pages=99 | year=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }}

词条	Beta Carinae
释义	Nomenclature Physical properties References {{Starbox begin \| name = β Carinae }}{{Starbox image \| image={{Location mark \|image=Carina constellation map.svg\|alt=\|float=center\|width=300 \|label=\|position=right \|mark=Red circle.svg\|mark_width=20\|mark_link=β Car \|x=414\|y=521 }} \|caption=Location of β Carinae (circled) }}{{Starbox observe \| epoch = J2000 \| constell = Carina \| ra = {{RA\|09\|13\|11.97746}} \| dec = {{DEC\|−69\|43\|01.9473}} \| appmag_v = 1.69^[1] }}{{Starbox character \| class = A1III^[4] \| b-v = +0.00^[5] \| u-b = +0.03^[5] \| variable = }}{{Starbox astrometry \| radial_v = −5.2^[7] \| prop_mo_ra = −156.47 \| prop_mo_dec = +108.95 \| parallax = 28.82 \| p_error = 0.11 \| parallax_footnote= \| absmag_v =−1.03^[11] }}{{Starbox detail \| mass = 3.5^[12] \| radius = 6.8^[12] \| luminosity = 288^[12] \| temperature = 8,866^[4] \| gravity = 3.16^[4] \| metal_fe = −0.36^[4] \| rotational_velocity = {{nowrap\|145.7 ± 2.2}}^[18] \| age_myr = 260^[19] }}{{Starbox catalog \| names = Miaplacidus, GCTP 2213.00, CD−69 600, FK5 348, Gl 339.2, HD 80007, HIP 45238, HR 3685, SAO 250495.^[20] }}{{Starbox reference \|Simbad=Beta_Car }}{{Starbox end}}Beta Carinae (Latinised from β Carinae, abbreviated Beta Car, β Car), officially named Miaplacidus,^[2] is the second brightest star in the constellation of Carina and one of the brightest stars in the night sky, with apparent magnitude 1.68.^[12] It is the brightest star in the southern asterism known as the Diamond Cross, marking the southwestern end of the asterism. It lies near the planetary nebula IC 2448. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of {{Convert\|113.2\|ly\|pc\|abbr=off\|lk=on}} from the Sun. Nomenclature β Carinae (Latinised to Beta Carinae) is the star's Bayer designation. The star's historical name Miaplacidus made its debut on star maps in 1856 when the star atlas Geography of the Heavens, composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, was published. The meaning and linguistic origin of the name remained an enigma for many decades, until William Higgins, a great scholar and expert on star names, surmised that the name Miaplacidus is apparently a bilingual combination of Arabic مياه miyāh for 'waters' and Latin placidus for 'placid'. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)^[3] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016^[4] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Miaplacidus for this star. In Chinese, {{lang\|zh\|南船}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Nán Chuán}}), meaning Southern Boat, refers to an asterism consisting of β Carinae, V337 Carinae, PP Carinae, θ Carinae and ω Carinae .^[5] Consequently, β Carinae itself is known as {{lang\|zh\|南船五}} ({{lang\|zh-Latn\|Nán Chuán wǔ}}, {{lang-en\|the Fifth Star of Southern Boat}}.)^[6] Physical properties The stellar classification of A1 III^[4] suggests this is an evolved giant star, although Malagnini and Morossi (1990) rated it as an A2 IV subgiant star.^[12] It has an estimated age of 260 million years.^[19] This star does not show an excess emission of infrared radiation that might otherwise suggest the presence of a debris disk.^[19] It has about 3.5 times the Sun's mass and has expanded to almost seven times the radius of the Sun.^[12] Presently is it radiating 288 times as much luminosity as the Sun^[12] from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 8,866 K.^[4] Despite its enlarged girth, this star still shows a rapid rotation rate, with a projected rotational velocity of {{nowrap\|146 km/s}}.^[18] References 1. ^{{cite journal\|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D\|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system\|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues\|volume=2237\|pages=0\|author1=Ducati\|first1=J. R.\|year=2002}} 2. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt \| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web \| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ \| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)\|accessdate=22 May 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web \| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf \| title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 \|accessdate=28 July 2016}} 5. ^{{zh icon}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN\|978-986-7332-25-7}}. 6. ^{{zh icon}} 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063012/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_m.htm \|date=2011-01-30 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. 7. ^¹{{citation \| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation \| last1=Anderson \| first1=E. \| last2=Francis \| first2=Ch. \| journal=Astronomy Letters \| volume=38 \| issue=5 \| pages=331 \| year=2012 \| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A \| doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015 \| arxiv=1108.4971 \| postscript=. }} 8. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{citation \| last1=Malagnini \| first1=M. L. \| last2=Morossi \| first2=C. \| title=Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series \| volume=85 \| issue=3 \| pages=1015–1019 \|date=November 1990 \| bibcode=1990A&AS...85.1015M }} 9. ^¹{{cite simbad \| title=* bet Car \| accessdate=2005-11-05 }} 10. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Díaz \| first1=C. G. \| last2=González \| first2=J. F. \| last3=Levato \| first3=H. \| last4=Grosso \| first4=M. \| title=Accurate stellar rotational velocities using the Fourier transform of the cross correlation maximum \| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics \| volume=531 \| page=A143 \|date=July 2011 \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201016386 \| bibcode=2011A&A...531A.143D \|arxiv = 1012.4858 }} 11. ^¹²³{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Su \| first1=K. Y. L. \| last2=Rieke \| first2=G. H. \| last3=Stansberry \| first3=J. A. \| last4=Bryden \| first4=G. \| last5=Stapelfeldt \| first5=K. R. \| last6=Trilling \| first6=D. E. \| last7=Muzerolle \| first7=J. \| last8=Beichman \| first8=C. A. \| last9=Moro-Martin \| first9=A. \| title=Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars \| journal=The Astrophysical Journal \| volume=653 \| issue=1 \| pages=675–689 \|date=December 2006 \| doi=10.1086/508649 \| bibcode=2006ApJ...653..675S \|arxiv = astro-ph/0608563 }} 12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Gray \| first1=R. O. \| last2=Corbally \| first2=C. J. \| last3=Garrison \| first3=R. F. \| last4=McFadden \| first4=M. T. \| last5=Bubar \| first5=E. J. \| last6=McGahee \| first6=C. E. \| last7=O'Donoghue \| first7=A. A. \| last8=Knox \| first8=E. R. \| title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| volume=132 \| issue=1 \| pages=161–170 \|date=July 2006 \| doi=10.1086/504637 \| bibcode=2006AJ....132..161G \| arxiv=astro-ph/0603770 }} 13. ^¹{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions \| journal=Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb \| volume=35 \| last1=Wielen \| first1=R. \| last2=Schwan \| first2=H. \| last3=Dettbarn \| first3=C. \| last4=Lenhardt \| first4=H. \| last5=Jahreiß \| first5=H. \| last6=Jährling \| first6=R. \| publisher=Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg \| issue=35 \| year=1999 \| bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W }} 14. ^¹²{{citation \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Johnson \| first1=H. L. \| last2=Iriarte \| first2=B. \| last3=Mitchell \| first3=R. I. \| last4=Wisniewskj \| first4=W. Z. \| title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars \| journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory \| volume=4 \| issue=99 \| pages=99 \| year=1966 \| bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }} Note: see VizieR catalogue I/311.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] }}{{Stars of Carina}} 9 : Bayer objects\|Carina (constellation)\|A-type giants\|Stars with proper names\|Gliese and GJ objects\|HR objects\|Henry Draper Catalogue objects\|Hipparcos objects\|Durchmusterung objects
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Nomenclature

Physical properties

References