“Promotion to the 3. Liga”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The promotion to the 3. Liga ({{lang-de|Aufstieg zur 3. Liga}}) determines the teams that will be promoted each season from the Regionalliga, the fourth tier of German football, to the third-tier 3. Liga since its formation in 2008–09. The promotion format was changed starting with the 2012–13 season when the Regionalliga was expanded from three leagues (Nord, Süd, and West) to five (Bayern, Nord, Nordost, Südwest, and West).

Format

For the first four seasons (2008–09 until 2011–12), the champions of the Regionalliga Nord, West, and Süd were promoted directly to the 3. Liga.

After the Regionalliga reform, which took effect starting with the 2012–13 season, the number of leagues was expanded to five.^[1] The five league champions and the runners-up of the Regionalliga with the whose region has the most clubs and members in the German Football Association (currently Südwest) now participate in an end-of-season play-off competition to determine the three teams which will be promoted. The three pairings are drawn from a pot, with the two teams from the same league being prohibited from being drawn together. The pairings are played over two legs, with each team playing one leg at home. The team that scores more goals on aggregate over the two legs is promoted. If the aggregate score is level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs advances. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time is played. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team advances by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out.

From the 2018–19 season onwards, four teams will be promoted to the 3. Liga. The champions of the Regionalliga Südwest and Nordost will be promoted directly. A third team to be promoted will be drawn from the three champions of the Regionalliga Nord, West, and Bayern.^[2] The remaining two champions will play a two-legged promotion play-off for the last promotion spot. In the following season, the three direct promotion spots will go to the champions of the Regionalliga Südwest and the champions of the two leagues that participated in the promotion play-off in the previous season, while the champions of the other two leagues participate in the play-off. This format was installed as a temporary solution until the DFB-Bundestag in 2019 can decide on a format that enables all Regionalliga champions to be promoted.^[3]

Direct promotion (2008–09 to 2011–12)

2008–09

2009–10

2010–11

2011–12

Promotion play-offs (2012–13 to 2017–18)

2012–13

2013–14

2014–15

2015–16

2016–17

2017–18

Transitional seasons (2018–19 and 2019–20)

2018–19

The Regionalliga Nordost and Südwest were automatically allocated a direct promotion spot. The third league to receive a direct promotion spot was drawn between the Regionalliga Nord, West, and Bayern on 27 April 2018. The remaining two leagues received a promotion play-off spot.

The pairing order for the 2018–19 promotion play-offs was determined by a draw held on 27 April 2018.

2019–20

The Regionalliga Südwest was automatically allocated a direct promotion spot. The remaining two leagues to receive a direct promotion spot will be the promotion play-off participants of the previous season, determined by a draw on 27 April 2018. The Regionalliga Nordost was automatically allocated a promotion play-off spot, to be joined by the league drawn to be directly promoted the previous season, determined by a draw on 27 April 2018.

The pairing order for the 2019–20 promotion play-offs will be determined by a draw held at a later date.

Statistics

Since the introduction of the 3. Liga in the 2008–09 season, Borussia Dortmund II (2009 and 2012) and Holstein Kiel (2009 and 2013) have both been promoted twice from the Regionalliga.

VfL Wolfsburg II (2014 and 2016), SV Elversberg (2016 and 2017), and Waldhof Mannheim (2016 and 2017) have all failed twice in the promotion play-offs.

Since the introduction of the promotion play-offs, the second leg has gone into extra time four times. Two of the occasions saw a winner after the extra period, while two matches were decided by a penalty shoot-out after no additional goals were scored. On the other hand, the away goals rule has decided the winner of a tie on two occasions.