“Bethesda Academy”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

It was founded in 1740 as an orphanage by evangelist George Whitefield, in the 18th century on his 500 acre (1,600 m²) land grant about {{convert|10|mi|km}} south of Savannah, Georgia in the newly founded colony of Georgia. Whitefield called the orphanage Bethesda, which means "House of Mercy," for he hoped many acts of mercy would take place there. On March 25, 1740, construction began on the orphanage buildings. The main house was two stories high with twenty rooms. Two smaller buildings were built behind the orphanage; one was designed to be an infirmary and the other a workhouse.

Whitefield wanted the orphanage to be a place of strong Calvinist influence with a wholesome atmosphere and strong discipline. Boys were taught trades so that they could earn a living as adults. Younger children learned spinning and carding, and all boys were taught mechanics and agriculture. Whitefield hoped that the orphanage would become the foundation of a university.

While the children grew most of the orphanage food, the enterprise was more expensive than anticipated, and Whitefield went into debt. Benjamin Franklin suggested that due to the scarcity of workmen and materials in Georgia, it might be better to move the orphanage and its children to Philadelphia. Whitefield refused to move the orphanage because his contributors donated money specifically for the Georgia project.

At his death, Whitefield bequeathed the orphanage and his slaves to the Countess of Huntingdon, a charitable sponsor in England. He asked her to maintain the orphanage under its existing principles, and establish a college. However, she was not able to provide the oversight from {{convert|3000|mi|km}} away, and the orphanage almost closed.

In 1773, fire destroyed the home. Three years later, the American Revolution stymied plans to add a college. After several administrative changes, a new building and society, the Bethesda Home for Boys was established on the same site.^[4]

Bethesda and slavery

In the early 18th century, slavery had been outlawed in Georgia. In 1749, Whitefield campaigned for its legalization, arguing that the territory would never be prosperous unless farms were able to use slave labor.^[5] He began his fourth visit to America in 1751 advocating slavery, viewing its re-legalization in Georgia as necessary to make his plantation profitable.^[6] Partially through his campaigns and written pleas to the Georgia Trustees, it was re-legalized in 1751. Whitefield then purchased slaves to work at Bethesda Orphanage. To help raise money for the orphanage, he also employed slaves at his Providence Plantation. When Whitefield died, he bequeathed his slaves to the Countess of Huntingdon.^[7]

Modern times

Bethesda has not been an orphanage for many years, but continues to focus on youth in the greater Savannah area. Bethesda is a private boarding and day school for boys in grades 6-12 and, in April 2011, the Bethesda Home for Boys was renamed Bethesda Academy to better reflect their mission and commitment to the education of young men. In 2015, Bethesda kicked off its 275th Anniversary year.

Sources

References

1. ^¹{{NRISref|version=2010a}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bethesdaforboys.org/Bethesda_Home_for_Boys/Welcome.html |title=Welcome |quote=Bethesda Academy 9520 Ferguson Avenue Savannah, Georgia 31406 |accessdate=September 13, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402111315/http://www.bethesdaforboys.org/Bethesda_Home_for_Boys/Welcome.html |archivedate=April 2, 2012 |dead-url=yes }}
3. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=73000614}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Bethesda Home for Boys / Bethesda |publisher=National Park Service|author=Jean K. Buckley |date=June 21, 1973 |accessdate=February 7, 2017 }} with {{NRHP url|id=73000614|photos=y|title=four photos from 1973}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Scott|first1=John Thomas|title=The Final Effort to Fulfill George Whitefield's Bequest: The Bethesda Mission of 1790-1792|journal=Georgia Historical Quarterly|date=2005|volume=89|issue=4|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=19417091&site=eds-live&scope=site|accessdate=15 February 2018}}
5. ^Dallimore, Arnold George Whitefield: The Life and Times of the Great Evangelist of the Eighteenth Century (1980), Volume 2
6. ^Lambert, Frank. Pedlar in Divinity: George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993 pp. 204–205. {{ISBN|978-0-691-03296-2}}
7. ^Cashin, Edward J. Beloved Bethesda: A History of George Whitefield's Home for Boys (2001)

External links

10 : Buildings and structures in Chatham County, Georgia|Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)|Christianity in Georgia (U.S. state)|History of Georgia (U.S. state)|Organizations established in 1740|Orphanages in the United States|Schools in Chatham County, Georgia|Slavery|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)|National Register of Historic Places in Chatham County, Georgia