请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Bicycle Thieves
释义

  1. Plot

  2. Cast

  3. Production

  4. Translated title

  5. Critical reception

  6. Legacy

     Stage Adaptation 

  7. Awards

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Redirect|The Bicycle Thief||The Bicycle Thief (disambiguation)}}{{Redirect|Ladri di biciclette|the musical group|Ladri di Biciclette (band)}}{{Infobox film
| name = Bicycle Thieves
| image = Ladri3.jpg
| caption = Italian theatrical release poster
| director = Vittorio De Sica
| producer = Ercole Graziadei, Sergio Bernardi, Count Cicogna[1]
| screenplay = Vittorio De Sica
Cesare Zavattini
Suso Cecchi d'Amico
Gherardo Gherardi
Oreste Biancoli
Adolfo Franci
| story = Luigi Bartolini
| starring = {{Plainlist|
  • Enzo Staiola
  • Lamberto Maggiorani}}

| music = Alessandro Cicognini
| cinematography = Carlo Montuori
| editing = Eraldo Da Roma
| studio = Produzioni De Sica[2]
| distributor = Ente Nazionale Industrie
Cinematografiche
Joseph Burstyn & Arthur Mayer (US)
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1948|11|24|Italy}} {{Film date|df=y|1949|12|12|U.S.}}[3]
| runtime = 93 minutes
| country = Italy
| language = Italian
| budget = $81,000 or $133,000 {{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
| gross = $371,111 (domestic gross)[3]
}}

Bicycle Thieves ({{lang-it|Ladri di biciclette}}; sometimes known in the United States as The Bicycle Thief)[4] is a 1948 Italian drama film directed by Vittorio De Sica. The film follows the story of a poor father searching post-World War II Rome for his stolen bicycle, without which he will lose the job which was to be the salvation of his young family.

Adapted for the screen by Cesare Zavattini from a novel by Luigi Bartolini, and starring Lamberto Maggiorani as the desperate father and Enzo Staiola as his plucky young son, Bicycle Thieves is widely regarded as a masterpiece of Italian neorealism.

It received an Academy Honorary Award (most outstanding foreign language film) in 1950 and, just four years after its release, was deemed the greatest film of all time by Sight & Sound magazine's poll of filmmakers and critics;[5] fifty years later the same poll ranked it sixth among the greatest-ever films.[6]

It is also one of the top ten among the British Film Institute's list of films you should see by the age of 14.

Plot

In the post-World War II Val Melaina neighbourhood of Rome, Antonio Ricci (Lamberto Maggiorani) is desperate for work to support his wife Maria (Lianella Carell), his son Bruno (Enzo Staiola) and his small baby. He is offered a position posting advertising bills but tells Maria that he cannot accept because the job requires a bicycle. Maria resolutely strips the bed of her dowry bedsheets{{mdashb}}prized possessions for a poor family{{mdashb}}and takes them to the pawn shop, where they bring enough to redeem Antonio's pawned bicycle.

On his first day of work, Antonio is atop a ladder when a young man (Vittorio Antonucci) snatches the bicycle. Antonio gives chase but is thrown off the trail by the thief's confederates. The police warn that there is little they can do. Advised that stolen goods often surface at the Piazza Vittorio market, Antonio goes there with several friends and Bruno. They find a bike that might be Antonio's, but the serial numbers do not match.

At the Porta Portese market, Antonio and Bruno spot the thief with an old man. The thief eludes them and the old man feigns ignorance. They follow him into a church where he too slips away from them.

In a subsequent encounter with the thief, Antonio pursues him into a brothel, whose denizens eject them. In the street, hostile neighbours gather as Antonio accuses the thief, who conveniently falls into a fit for which the crowd blames Antonio. Bruno fetches a policeman, who searches the thief's apartment without result. The policeman tells Antonio the case is weak{{mdashb}}Antonio has no witnesses and the neighbors are certain to provide the thief with an alibi. Antonio and Bruno leave in despair amid jeers and threats from the crowd.

On their way home, they near Stadio Nazionale PNF football stadium. Antonio sees an unattended bike near a doorway and after much anguished soul-searching, instructs Bruno to take the streetcar to a stop nearby and wait.

Antonio circles the unattended bicycle and jumps on it. Instantly the hue and cry is raised and Bruno{{snd}}who has missed the streetcar{{snd}}is stunned to see his father pursued, surrounded and pulled from the bike. As Antonio is being muscled toward the police station, the bicycle's owner notices Bruno and in a moment of compassion tells the others to release Antonio.

Antonio and Bruno then walk off slowly amid a buffeting crowd. Antonio fights back tears and Bruno takes his hand. The camera watches from behind as they disappear into the crowd.

Cast

  • Lamberto Maggiorani as Antonio Ricci
  • Enzo Staiola as Bruno Ricci, Antonio's son
  • Lianella Carell as Maria Ricci, Antonio's wife
  • Gino Saltamerenda as Baiocco, Antonio's friend who helps search
  • Vittorio Antonucci as Alfredo Catelli the Bicycle thief
  • Giulio Chiari as a Beggar
  • Elena Altieri as the Charitable Lady
  • Carlo Jachino as a Beggar
  • Michele Sakara as the Secretary of the Charity Organization
  • Emma Druetti
  • Fausto Guerzoni as an Amateur Actor
  • Giulio Battiferri as a Citizen Who Protects the Real Thief (uncredited)
  • Ida Bracci Dorati as La Santona (uncredited)
  • Nando Bruno (uncredited)
  • Eolo Capritti (uncredited)
  • Memmo Carotenuto (uncredited)
  • Giovanni Corporale (uncredited)
  • Sergio Leone as a Seminary Student (uncredited)
  • Mario Meniconi as Meniconi, the Street Sweeper (uncredited)
  • Massimo Randisi as a Rich Kid in the Restaurant (uncredited)
  • Checco Rissone as a Guard in Piazza Vittorio (uncredited)
  • Peppino Spadaro as a Police Officer (uncredited)
  • Umberto Spadaro (uncredited){{Citation needed|date=June 2012}}
{{nbsp}}

Production

Bicycle Thieves is the best-known work of Italian neorealism, the movement (begun by Roberto Rossellini's 1945 Rome, Open City) which attempted to give cinema a new degree of realism.[7] De Sica had just made the controversial film Shoeshine and was unable to get financial backing from any major studio for the film, so he raised the money himself from friends. Wanting to portray the poverty and unemployment of post-war Italy,[8] he co-wrote a script with Cesare Zavattini and others using only the title and few plot devices of a little-known novel of the time by poet/artist Luigi Bartolini.[9] Following the precepts of neorealism, De Sica shot only on location (that is, no studio sets) and cast only untrained nonactors. (Lamberto Maggiorani, for example, was a factory worker.) That some actors' roles paralleled their lives off screen added realism to the film.[10] De Sica cast Maggiorani when he had brought his young son to an audition for the film. He later cast the 8-year-old Enzo Staiola when he noticed the young boy watching the film's production on a street while helping his father sell flowers. The film's final shot of Antonio and Bruno walking away from the camera into the distance is an homage to many Charlie Chaplin films, who was De Sica's favourite filmmaker.[11]{{Quote|Uncovering the drama in everyday life, the wonderful in the daily news.
|Vittorio De Sica in Abbiamo domandato a De Sica perché fa un film dal Ladro di biciclette (We asked De Sica why he makes a movie on the Bicycle Thief) – La fiera letteraria, 6/2/48 }}

Translated title

The original Italian title is Ladri di biciclette. It literally translates into English as Bicycle Thieves, as there is no definite article and ladri is plural. The film was released as Bicycle Thieves in the United States and the United Kingdom.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}} The poster titles were The Bicycle Thief in the US and The Bicycle Thieves in the UK.[12]{{Better source|date=October 2017}}

Bosley Crowther used The Bicycle Thief in his 1949 review in The New York Times,[13] and as a result{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}} this came to be the title by which the film was known in the United States, and some people became attached to it.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}} When the film was re-released in the late 1990s Bob Graham, staff film critic for the San Francisco Chronicle, was quoted as saying that he preferred the title The Bicycle Thief, stating, "Purists have criticized the English title of the film as a poor translation of the Italian ladri, which is plural. What blindness! The Bicycle Thief is one of those wonderful titles whose power does not sink in until the film is over".[15]

According to critic Philip French of The Observer, the alternative title The Bicycle Thief is misleading, "because the desperate hero eventually becomes himself a bicycle thief".[14] The 2007 Criterion Collection release in North America uses the plural title.[15]

De Sica changed many aspects of Bartolini's novel, but retained the title, which used the plural form and referred, in the book, to a post-war culture of rampant thievery and disrespect for civil order countered only by an inept police force and indifferent allied occupiers.[18]

Critical reception

When Bicycle Thieves was released in Italy, it was viewed with hostility and as portraying Italians in a negative way. Italian critic Guido Aristarco praised it, but also complained that "sentimentality might at times take the place of artistic emotion." Fellow Italian neorealist film director Luchino Visconti criticized the film, saying that it was a mistake to use a professional actor to dub over Lamberto Maggiorani's dialogue.[11] Luigi Bartolini, the author of the novel from which de Sica drew his title, was highly critical of the film, feeling that the spirit of his book had been thoroughly betrayed, since his protagonist was a middle-class intellectual and his theme was the breakdown of civil order in the face of anarchic communism.[16]

Bicycle Thieves has received acclaim from critics ever since its release, with the film-review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reporting 98% positive reviews from 54 reviews, with an average 9.1 out of 10 rating.[17] The picture is also in the Vatican's Best Films List for portraying humanistic values.[18]Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the film and its message in his review. He wrote, "Again the Italians have sent us a brilliant and devastating film in Vittorio De Sica's rueful drama of modern city life, The Bicycle Thief. Widely and fervently heralded by those who had seen it abroad (where it already has won several prizes at various film festivals), this heart-tearing picture of frustration, which came to [the World Theater] yesterday, bids fair to fulfill all the forecasts of its absolute triumph over here. For once more the talented De Sica, who gave us the shattering Shoeshine, that desperately tragic demonstration of juvenile corruption in post-war Rome, has laid hold upon and sharply imaged in simple and realistic terms a major{{mdash}}indeed, a fundamental and universal{{mdash}}dramatic theme. It is the isolation and loneliness of the little man in this complex social world that is ironically blessed with institutions to comfort and protect mankind".[19] Pierre Leprohon wrote in Cinéma D'Aujourd that "what must not be ignored on the social level is that the character is shown not at the beginning of a crisis but at its outcome. One need only to look at his face, his uncertain gait, his hesitant or fearful attitudes to understand that Ricci is already a victim, a diminished man who has lost his confidence." Lotte Eisner called it the best Italian film since World War II and Robert Winnington called it "the most successful record of any foreign film in British cinema."[11]

When the film was re-released in the late 1990s Bob Graham, staff film critic for the San Francisco Chronicle, gave the drama a positive review: "The roles are played by non-actors, Lamberto Maggiorani as the father and Enzo Staiola as the solemn boy, who sometimes appears to be a miniature man. They bring a grave dignity to De Sica's unblinking view of post-war Italy. The wheel of life turns and grinds people down; the man who was riding high in the morning is brought low by nightfall. It is impossible to imagine this story in any other form than De Sica's. The new black-and-white print has an extraordinary range of grey tones that get darker as life closes in".[20]

Legacy

{{cleanup list|date=April 2018}}

The film was a major influence on film directors of the Iranian New Wave, such as Jafar Panahi[21] and Dariush Mehrjui.[22] Other directors that called it an influence are Satyajit Ray,[23] Ken Loach,[24] Giorgio Mangiamele,[25] Bimal Roy,[26] Anurag Kashyap,[27] Balu Mahendra,[28] Basu Chatterjee[29] and Isao Takahata.

The film was used as source material for the 1985 cult classic Pee-Wee's Big Adventure.[30]

The film was parodied in the 1989 film The Icicle Thief.

Bicycle Thieves was featured in Robert Altman's 1992 film The Player.

The second-season premiere of the Netflix series Master of None is a homage to the film. At the start of the episode, Bicycle Thieves is at the top of a stack of DVDs on Dev's night stand.

The 1978 Jamaican film Rockers was a loose adaptation of the film.

Norman Loftis's film Messenger (1994) is considered[31][32] to be a remake of Bicycle Thieves.

Beijing Bicycle is heavily influenced by Bicycle Thieves, although it takes a violent turn.

Bob Nelson wrote and directed an adaptation of the story set in Kent, Washington. The Confirmation was filmed in Canada.

Stage Adaptation

A theatrical adaptation of the film was created by Littlebrain Theatre, in a devised adaptation with a cast of nine.[33] The production premiered as part of the Rhinoceros Theatre Festival in Chicago, from January 18 to February 22, 2019.[34]

Awards

  • Locarno International Film Festival, Switzerland: Special Prize of the Jury, Vittorio De Sica; 1949.
  • National Board of Review: NBR Award, Best Director, Vittorio De Sica; Best Film (Any Language), Italy; 1949.
  • New York Film Critics Circle Awards: NYFCC Award, Best Foreign Language Film, Italy; 1949.
  • Academy Awards: Honorary Award, as The Bicycle Thief (Italy). Voted by the Academy Board of Governors as the most outstanding foreign language film released in the United States during 1949; 1950.
  • Academy Awards: Nominated, Oscar, Best Writing, Screenplay; as The Bicycle Thief, Cesare Zavattini; 1950.
  • British Academy of Film and Television Arts: BAFTA Film Award, Best Film from any Source; 1950.
  • Bodil Awards, Copenhagen, Denmark: Bodil, Best European Film (Bedste europæiske film), Vittorio De Sica; 1950.
  • Golden Globes: Golden Globe, Best Foreign Film, Italy; 1950.
  • Cinema Writers Circle Awards, Spain: CEC Award, Best Foreign Film (Mejor Película Extranjera), Italy; 1951.
  • Kinema Junpo Awards, Tokyo, Japan: Kinema Junpo Award, Best Foreign Language Film, Vittorio De Sica; 1951.
  • Best Cinematography (Migliore Fotografia), Carlo Montuori.
  • Best Director (Migliore Regia), Vittorio De Sica.
  • Best Film (Miglior Film a Soggetto).
  • Best Score (Miglior Commento Musicale), Alessandro Cicognini.
  • Best Screenplay (Migliore Sceneggiatura), Cesare Zavattini, Vittorio De Sica, Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Oreste Biancoli, Adolfo Franci, and Gerardo Guerrieri.
  • Best Story (Miglior Soggetto), Cesare Zavattini.
  • Listed as one of TCM's top 15 most influential films list, as The Bicycle Thief (1947),[35]
  • Ranked #4 in Empire magazines "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[36]

See also

  • List of films considered the best

References

1. ^{{Cite book|title=Italian Neorealist Cinema|author=Christopher Wagstaff|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzgzEwEb_fcC&pg=PA442 |accessdate=June 9, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Robert|title=Bicycle Thieves (Ladri Di Biciclette)|date=2008|publisher=Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=9781844572380|pages=26|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGsV32ie1WAC&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=29 April 2018}}
3. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bicyclethief.htm | title = The Bicycle Thief (1949) | publisher = Box Office Mojo | accessdate = October 1, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=The Bicycle Thief (1948) THE SCREEN; Vittorio De Sica's 'The Bicycle Thief,' a Drama of Post-War Rome, Arrives at World|authorlink=Bosley Crowther|author=Crowther, Bosley|date=December 13, 1949|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1DE133CE53ABC4B52DFB4678382659EDE}}
5. ^{{cite news |title=The Bicycle Thief / Bicycle Thieves (1949) review |first=Roger |last=Ebert |authorlink=Roger Ebert |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19990319/REVIEWS08/903190306/1023 |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |date=March 19, 1999 |accessdate=July 20, 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5rMY1F7y2?url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19990319%2FREVIEWS08%2F903190306%2F1023 |archivedate=July 20, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
6. ^Sight and Sound Top Ten Poll, director's list 2002. Last accessed: 2014-01-19.
7. ^Megan, Ratner {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810033724/http://www.greencine.com/static/primers/neorealism1.jsp |date=2007-08-10 }}. GreenCine, "Italian Neo-Realism," 2005. Last accessed: December 30, 2007.
8. ^Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 1. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1987. pp. 232.
9. ^{{cite book|last1=Gordon|first1=Robert|title=Bicycle Thieves (Ladri Di Biciclette)|date=2008|publisher=Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=9781844572380|pages=3–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGsV32ie1WAC&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=17 August 2015}}
10. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/24/obituaries/lamberto-maggiorani-dead-starred-in-the-bicycle-thief.html Associated Press]. Published in The New York Times. Lamberto Maggiorani Obituary. April 24, 1983. Last accessed: December 30, 2007.
11. ^1 2 Wakeman. pp. 232.
12. ^{{cite web|title=Bicycle Thieves (1948): Release Info|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040522/releaseinfo|accessdate=October 3, 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=The Bicycle Thief (1948) THE SCREEN; Vittorio De Sica's 'The Bicycle Thief,' a Drama of Post-War Rome, Arrives at World|authorlink=Bosley Crowther|author=Crowther, Bosley|date=December 13, 1949|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1DE133CE53ABC4B52DFB4678382659EDE}}
14. ^French, Philip. The Guardian, DVD review, February 19, 2006. Last accessed: December 30, 2007.
15. ^DVD Talk review of the Criterion Collection DVD, 17 Feb, 2007.
16. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Healey|first1=Robin|title=Twentieth-century Italian Literature in English Translation: An Annotated Bibliography 1929-1997|date=1998|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=0802008003|page=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7WVhymRPZEC&printsec=frontcover|accessdate=17 August 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_bicycle_thief/ |title=The Bicycle Thief (1949) |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=January 7, 2016}}
18. ^United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website, 2008. Last accessed: May 20, 2008.
19. ^[https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE1DE133CE53ABC4B52DFB4678382659EDE Crowther, Bosley]. The New York Times, film review, "Vittorio De Sica's The Bicycle Thief, a Drama of Post-War Rome, Arrives at World", December 13, 1949. Last accessed: December 30, 2007.
20. ^1 Graham, Bob. San Francisco Chronicle, film review, November 6, 1998. Last accessed: December 30, 2007.
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmscouts.com/scripts/interview.cfm?File=2768|title=Remarks by JAFAR PANAHI|publisher=Film Scouts LLC|accessdate=22 May 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824233026/http://www.filmscouts.com/scripts/interview.cfm?File=2768|archivedate=24 August 2011|df=}}
22. ^Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1988. 663–669.
23. ^Robinson, A. Satyajit Ray: A Vision of Cinema. I. B. Tauris.2005. {{ISBN|1-84511-074-9}}. p. 48.
24. ^{{cite news|title=Films that changed my life: Ken Loach|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/may/16/bicycle-thieves-ken-loach|publisher=The Observer|accessdate=May 2010|location=London|first=Tom|last=Lamont}}
25. ^National Film and Sound Archive: 'Il Contratto' on Australianscreen
26. ^{{cite book |title=The Art and science of Cinema|author= Anwar Huda|publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Dist|year=2004|isbn=81-269-0348-1 |page=100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiA3X6RLLnYC&pg=PA100&q=Bandini%20%281963%20film%29 |ref= }}
27. ^{{cite news|last=Akbar|first=Irena|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/%3Cb%3EWHY-SICA-MOVED-PATNA%3C/b%3E/322391/|title=Why Sica Moved Patna|publisher=Indian Express Archive|date=14 June 2008|accessdate=4 May 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=சினிமாவும் நானும்....|first=Balu|last=Mahendra|url=http://www.filmmakerbalumahendra.blogspot.in/2012/09/blog-post_7.html|publisher=filmmakerbalumahendra.blogspot.in|accessdate=9 June 2014|language=Tamil|date=7 September 2012}}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.learningandcreativity.com/manzil-memories-rare-memorabilia-basu-chatterjis-films/|title=A Manzil of Memories: Rare Memorabilia Of Basu Chatterji's Films |publisher=Learning & Creativity |date=2014-04-25|accessdate=2014-05-27}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/108024/Paul-Reubens|work=The New York Times|title=Paul Reubens}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/messenger-delivers-stark-film-captures-1995-new-york-article-1.705259 |title='Messenger' Delivers Stark Film Captures 1995 New York |publisher=The Daily News |date=October 20, 1995|access-date= April 8, 2018|first=Dave |last=Kehr}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/messenger-1200437460/ |title=Messenger |publisher=Variety |date=June 27, 1994|access-date= April 8, 2018|first=David |last=Rooney}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/littlebraintheatre |title=Littlebrain Theatre |publisher=Facebook |date=November 20, 2018|access-date= November 20, 2018|first=Zach |last=Barr}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://rhinofest.com/bicycle-thieves/ |title=Rhinoceros Theatre Festival 2019 |publisher=Prop Thtr |date=December 27, 2018|access-date= January 14, 2019}}
35. ^{{cite web|last=Ebert |first=Roger |url=http://www.rogerebert.com/rogers-journal/tcms-15-most-influential-films-of-all-time-and-10-from-me |title=TCM's 15 most influential films of all time, and 10 from me | Roger Ebert's Journal |publisher=Roger Ebert |date= |accessdate=2013-06-29}}
36. ^{{cite web| title = The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema | url = http://www.empireonline.com/features/100-greatest-world-cinema-films/default.asp?film=4 | work = Empire}}

External links

{{wikiquote}}
  • {{IMDb title|0040522}}
  • {{Internet Archive film|FahrraddiebeJahrhundertwerkDerFilmgeschichte}} (German dialogue)
  • Bicycle Thieves: A Passionate Commitment to the Real an essay by Godfrey Cheshire at the Criterion Collection
  • Bicycle Thieves: Ode to the Common Man an essay by Charles Burnett at the Criterion Collection
  • {{YouTube|njLcOqW7xV0|Bicycle Thieves video film review}} by A. O. Scott (The New York Times) at YouTube
  • {{YouTube|H3jnzXX9mXs|Bicycle Thieves trailer}}
{{Vittorio De Sica}}{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Bicycle Thieves
|list ={{Academy Honorary Award}}{{AcademyAwardBestForeignLanguageFilm 1947–1960}}{{BAFTA Best Film 1948-1960}}{{Sight and Sound Poll}}{{National Board of Review Award for Best Film}}
}}

18 : 1948 films|1940s drama films|Italian films|Italian drama films|Italian neorealist films|Italian-language films|Italian black-and-white films|Italian art films|Films based on Italian novels|Films about Roman Catholicism|Films set in Rome|Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners|Films awarded an Academy Honorary Award|Best Film BAFTA Award winners|Films directed by Vittorio De Sica|Screenplays by Cesare Zavattini|Screenplays by Suso Cecchi d'Amico|Films about poverty
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/10 20:17:19