| 词条 | Strawberry Island (New York) |
| 释义 |
| name = Strawberry Island | image_name = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = New York | map_alt = | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Location of Strawberry Island in New York State | map_relief = | label = | label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|42.9537|-78.9236|type:isle_region:US-NY|format=dms|display=title,inline}} | etymology = | location = Niagara River | waterbody = | area_acre = 5 | area_footnotes = [1] | length_mi = | length_footnotes = | width_mi = | width_footnotes = | coastline_mi = | coastline_footnotes = | elevation_ft = 568 | elevation_footnotes = [2] | country = United States | country_admin_divisions_title = State | country_admin_divisions = New York | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = County | country_admin_divisions_1 = Erie | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Town | country_admin_divisions_2 = Tonawanda | country_admin_divisions_title_3 = Owner | country_admin_divisions_3 = New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | website = | additional_info = }} Strawberry Island is an uninhabited island in the Niagara River located in Erie County, New York,[2] southeast of Grand Island. The {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|spell=in|0}} island is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and is managed as a fish and wildlife preserve. Location and descriptionStrawberry Island is located southeast of Grand Island, and is the dividing point for the east and west branches of the Niagara River. The horseshoe-shaped island includes a lagoon and emergent vegetation on its north side and stands of willow trees on its southern edge.[3] The {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|spell=in|0}}[1] island is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and is officially designated as Strawberry Island State Park,[4] which is undeveloped. The island is managed as a fish and wildlife preserve in conjunction with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.[5] It is part of a small archipelago along with Frog Island, Motor Island and Little Beaver Island, all small islands located slightly downstream of Strawberry Island.[6] HistoryCultural historyThe name "Strawberry Island" is present in records as early as 1750, although the origin of the name is not clear. The island was used by British forces during the War of 1812 as a staging area for a siege of Buffalo in 1814, and was purchased from the Seneca in 1815.[7] A two-story hotel, including an {{convert|11|acre|adj=on}} grove of trees and a canal, was built upon the island in 1882, however it soon faded and was dismantled by the end of the century as tourists were drawn to newer resorts on nearby Grand Island. The island passed through a succession of private owners during the following years, including several gravel mining corporations. Mining and dredging took place on and near the island during several periods between 1912 and 1950, greatly reducing the island's size and contributing to its horseshoe shape.[7] The island was sold to the Town of Tonawanda in 1953, who used it to aid nearby construction projects. It was transferred to the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation in 1989.[7] Geologic and natural historyStrawberry Island was likely formed by the deposition of glacial sediments around a small shale outcrop during the Pleistocene.[7] The size of Strawberry Island has varied greatly over time, and it is today a fraction of its former size. When first mapped in the early nineteenth century, the island was estimated to cover approximately {{convert|100|acre}} and consisted primarily of marshland.[7][8] The island's size increased to {{convert|138|acre}} due to soil and rock deposits from the excavation of the Erie Canal in 1819, and further grew in 1908 with the addition of material generated from the construction of a canal lock in Black Rock.[7] The island was estimated to be {{convert|200|acre}} in 1912,[3] but was reduced to just {{convert|40|acres}} by 1948 due to unregulated gravel mining operations during the early and mid 1900s.[3][6] The island was further diminished to {{convert|25|acre|0}} by 1950 as dredging was concentrated on the island's center, expanding its lagoon.[7] The island continued to lose area due to erosion from high water levels and winter storms during the latter half of the 20th century. It was estimated to be {{convert|20|acre|0}} in 1987,[3] and had further decreased to {{convert|5|acre|spell=in|0}} by 2013.[1] Plans to stabilize and rehabilitate Strawberry Island, in addition to several nearby islands, were developed in 2007 as part of a coordinated habitat enhancement project funded by the New York Power Authority. Work was completed on Frog Island, a previously submerged {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|spell=in|0}} island located just downstream of Strawberry Island, in 2014. Ecosystem restoration work was completed on Motor Island and Little Beaver Island during the same time period.[6] A $3.2 million contract was awarded to commence work on wetland rehabilitation and erosion control on Strawberry Island in March 2015.[5] Wildlife habitatStrawberry Island bounds one edge of a {{convert|400|acre|adj=on}} area of shallow river known as the "Strawberry Island – Motor Island Shallows", recognized as the Niagara River's largest riverine littoral zone, a valuable type of fish and wildlife habitat that is regionally rare. The shallows were found to be one of two major spawning areas for muskellunge in the Niagara River in the 1970s, as well as being productive habitat for other game fish species. The area is also recognized as an important overwintering area for waterfowl.[3] After several unsuccessful attempts, a pair of bald eagles was observed to successfully establish a nest on Strawberry Island in 2013, part of a recent resurgence in the bald eagle populations within the region.[9] To encourage and protect nesting eagles, since 2016 portions of the island have been designated as off-limits during nesting season, and motorized boating has been restricted near the island.[10] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=2014 New York State Statistical Yearbook |url=http://www.rockinst.org/nys_statistics/2014/2014_Yearbook_Section_O.pdf |publisher=The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government |year=2014 |chapter=Section O: Environmental Conservation and Recreation, Table O-9 |page=674 |accessdate=April 10, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916082616/http://www.rockinst.org/nys_statistics/2014/2014_Yearbook_Section_O.pdf |archivedate=September 16, 2015 |df= }} {{Protected areas of New York}}{{Protected areas of Erie County, New York}}2. ^1 {{cite GNIS|966629|Strawberry Island|April 10, 2016}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.dos.ny.gov/opd/programs/consistency/Habitats/GreatLakes/Strawberry_Island_Motor_Island.pdf |title=Strawberry Island - Motor Island Shallows Coastal Fish & Wildlife Habitat Assessment Form |publisher=NYS Department of State |date=October 15, 1987 |accessdate=April 10, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&bn=A03290&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y&Votes=Y |title=New York State Assembly Bill A03290 - New York State Park System Act |date=January 22, 2015 |publisher=New York State Assembly |accessdate=April 10, 2016}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.wnypapers.com/news/article/current/2015/03/30/120191/grand-island-nypa-approves-contract-for-strawberry-island-wetland-restoration-habitat-improvement |title=Grand Island: NYPA approves contract for Strawberry Island wetland restoration, habitat improvement |newspaper=Niagara Frontier Publications |date=March 30, 2015 |accessdate=April 11, 2016}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.buffalonews.com/city-region/restoration-of-frog-island-hailed-as-buffalo-comeback-story-20150822 |title=Restoration of Frog Island hailed as Buffalo comeback story |newspaper=The Buffalo News |date=August 22, 2015 |author=Pignataro, T.J. |accessdate=April 10, 2016}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |url=http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4_Sault_et_al.pdf |title=An Erosional History of Strawberry Island, Niagara River, Tonawanda, New York |author1=Sault, Maryellen |author2=Matthies, Lisa |author3=Whimey, John |author4=Singer, Jill |journal=Middle States Geographer |date=1997 |volume=30 |pages=29–34 |accessdate=April 12, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425131531/http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/4_Sault_et_al.pdf |archivedate=April 25, 2016 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/ResBot/niag/strawb/Strawberry_Sweeney.pdf |title=A Floristic Study of Strawberry Island in the Upper Niagara River, Tonawanda, NY |magazine=Clintonia |date=June 1997 |volume=12 |issue=3 |author=Sweeney, Carol R. |publisher=The Niagara Frontier Biological Society, Inc. |accessdate=April 10, 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.buffalonews.com/20130703/bald_eagles_soaring_over_western_new_york.html |title=Bald eagles soaring over Western New York |newspaper=The Buffalo News |date=July 3, 2013 |author=Pignataro, T.J. |accessdate=April 11, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/newsroom/press-releases/release.aspx?r=1313 |title=Efforts to Protect Bald Eagles Are In Place at Strawberry Island |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |date=July 25, 2016 |accessdate=October 31, 2016}} 6 : Protected areas of Erie County, New York|Islands of New York (state)|Islands of Erie County, New York|Islands of the Niagara River|Uninhabited islands of New York (state)|River islands of New York (state) |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。