| 词条 | 2001 New York City mayoral election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = 2001 New York City mayoral election | country = New York City | type = Presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1997 New York City mayoral election | previous_year = 1997 | next_election = 2005 New York City mayoral election | next_year = 2005 | election_date = November 6, 2001 | image1 = | nominee1 = Michael Bloomberg | party1 = Republican Party (United States) | alliance1 = Independence Party of New York | popular_vote1 = 744,757 | percentage1 = 50.3% | image2 = | nominee2 = Mark J. Green | party2 = Democratic Party (United States) | alliance2 = Working Families Party | popular_vote2 = 709,268 | percentage2 = 47.9% | map_image = NYC Mayoral Election 2001 Results by Borough.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Results by borough{{legend|#86b6f2|Green—50–60%}}{{legend|#e27f90|Bloomberg—50–60%}}{{legend|#d40000|Bloomberg—70–80%}} | title = Mayor | before_election = Rudy Giuliani | before_party = Republican Party (United States) | after_election = Michael Bloomberg | after_party = Republican Party (United States) }}{{Elections in New York State}} The New York City mayoral election of 2001 was held on November 6, 2001. Incumbent Republican mayor Rudy Giuliani could not run again due to term limits. As Democrats outnumber Republicans by 5 to 1 in the city, it was widely believed that a Democrat would succeed him in City Hall. However, businessman Michael Bloomberg, a lifelong Democrat, changed his party affiliation and ran as a Republican. Mark J. Green narrowly defeated Fernando Ferrer in the Democratic primary, surviving a negative contest that divided the party and consumed the vast majority of the Green campaign's financial resources. A number of factors led to Bloomberg's ultimate victory in the general election, after a campaign that was largely overshadowed by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, with 50.3% of the vote (to Green's 47.9%). BackgroundThe primaries were originally scheduled for September 11. However, the September 11 attacks caused the primary to be postponed until September 25, and the run-off occurred on October 11.[1] Late in the primary, Green was roundly criticized for the actions of supporters that were construed as racist, involving literature with New York Post caricatures of Ferrer and Al Sharpton distributed in white enclaves of Brooklyn and Staten Island. Green stated that he had nothing to do with the dissemination of the literature. An investigation by the Brooklyn District Attorney came to the conclusion that "Mark Green had no knowledge of these events, and that when he learned of them, he repeatedly denounced the distribution of this literature and sought to find out who had engaged in it."[2] Nevertheless, the incident is thought to have diminished minority turnout in the general election and helped the Republican candidate win in an overwhelmingly Democratic city. (Village Voice columnist Peter Noel wrote that "Mark Green... may have replaced [Giuliani] as the most hated white man in the African American community,"[3] an ironic twist for someone who had been so popular in that community for so long.) The September 11 terrorist attacks occurred on the morning that the primaries had been scheduled and also may have contributed to Green's loss, since the media barely covered the subsequent general election. General election candidatesRepublican Party
Democratic Party
Conservative Party
Liberal Party
Green Party
Libertarian Party
American Dream Party
Marijuana Reform Party
Working Families Party
Unsuccessful candidatesRepublican Party
Democratic Party
Green Party
PrimariesDemocraticInitial results{{NY Election begin||title = Democratic primary, September 25, 2001 |color = 99CCFF }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Fernando Ferrer |party = |manhattan = 60,839 |bronx = 86,571 |brooklyn = 77,516 |queens = 49,441 |staten = 5,084 |total = 279,451 35.5% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Mark Green |party = |manhattan = 83,856 |bronx = 26,125 |brooklyn = 77,805 |queens = 49,692 |staten = 5,704 |total = 243,182 30.9% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Peter F. Vallone (Sr.) |party = |manhattan = 25,296 |bronx = 18,268 |brooklyn = 51,210 |queens = 48,576 |staten = 11,842 |total = 155,192 19.7% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Alan G. Hevesi |party = |manhattan = 32,925 |bronx = 6,066 |brooklyn = 25,110 |queens = 27,163 |staten = 3,504 |total = 94,768 12.0% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = George N. Spitz |party = |manhattan = 1,558 |bronx = 1,264 |brooklyn = 2,923 |queens = 2,489 |staten = 283 |total = 8,517 1.8% }}{{NY Election end| |total = 785,365 }} Green clearly led among Manhattan's Democrats, Ferrer among The Bronx's and Vallone among Staten Island's. Ferrer and Green were evenly matched in Brooklyn, while all three candidates were essentially tied in Queens. Runoff results{{NY Election begin||title = Democratic primary runoff |color = 99CCFF }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Mark Green |party = |manhattan = 131,438 |bronx = 38,256 |brooklyn = 120,781 |queens = 94,342 |staten = 18,183 |total = 403,000 51.1% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Fernando Ferrer |party = |manhattan = 86,579 |bronx = 106,086 |brooklyn = 109,831 |queens = 77,330 |staten = 7,193 |total = 387,019 48.9% }}{{NY Election end| |total = 790,019 }} Republican{{NY Election begin||title = Republican primary, September 25, 2001 |color = FFCCCC }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Michael Bloomberg |party = |manhattan = 10,959 |bronx = 3,230 |brooklyn = 10,168 |queens = 14,543 |staten = 9,155 |total = 48,055 72.3% }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Herman Badillo |party = |manhattan = 4,161 |bronx = 1,838 |brooklyn = 4,153 |queens = 5,700 |staten = 2,624 |total = 18,476 27.7% }}{{NY Election end| |total = 66,531 }} General election campaignRudy Giuliani, who was riding high approval ratings following the 9/11 attacks, publicly endorsed Bloomberg.[5]Green made a controversial decision during the primary run-off to support Giuliani's unprecedented attempt to extend his own mayoral term, in the name of the emergency of 9/11. Ferrer opposed Giuliani's ultimately unsuccessful attempt at term self-extension, and was able to accuse Green of being rolled over by Giuliani. Unlike his cash-poor Democratic rival, who had just emerged from an expensive primary and expected to rely on traditionally reliable free media coverage that never materialized, Bloomberg continued to spend $74 million on TV ads and direct mail in the weeks after the attacks, which was a record amount at the time for a non-presidential election (Bloomberg would break his own record in 2005).[6][7] The Economist wrote, "The billionaire businessman [Bloomberg] is usually seen as one of the post-September 11th winners (if such a word can be so used): he would probably have lost the mayoralty to Mark Green, a leftish Democrat, had the terrorist strike not happened. Yet it is also worth noting that his election probably spared New York city a turbulent period of score-settling over Rudy Giuliani's legacy."[8] The election was also notable for two non-politician semi-celebrities running on third-party tickets: Bernhard Goetz, who had achieved fame in 1984 as the "subway vigilante" for shooting four young men who tried to rob him, on the Fusion Party ticket, and Kenny Kramer, who was the inspiration for the character Cosmo Kramer on the TV show Seinfeld, on the Libertarian Party ticket. General election resultsMichael Bloomberg secured victory in a close election, with 744,757 votes. Although he lost in three of the five boroughs, he was able to collect enough votes in Staten Island and Queens to come in a tight first. Under New York's electoral fusion rules, candidates were allowed to run representing multiple parties. {{NY Election begin||title = General election |color = }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Michael R. Bloomberg |party = Republican- Independence |manhattan = 179,797 |bronx = 80,597 |brooklyn = 189,040 |queens = 210,432 |staten = 84,891 |total = 744,757 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Mark J. Green |party = Democratic-Working Families |manhattan = 202,574 |bronx = 102,280 |brooklyn = 217,222 |queens = 163,528 |staten = 23,664 |total = 709,268 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Alan G. Hevesi |party = Liberal-Better Schools |manhattan = 2,684 |bronx = 847 |brooklyn = 2,124 |queens = 1,886 |staten = 486 |total = 10,331 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Julia Willebrand |party = Green |manhattan = 2,241 |bronx = 670 |brooklyn = 2,456 |queens = 1,579 |staten = 209 |total = 7,155 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Terrance M. Gray |party = Conservative |manhattan = 507 |bronx = 642 |brooklyn = 844 |queens = 1,219 |staten = 365 |total = 3,577 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Thomas K. Leighton |party = Marijuana Reform Party |manhattan = 791 |bronx = 529 |brooklyn = 680 |queens = 418 |staten = 145 |total = 2,563 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Kenny Kramer |party = Libertarian |manhattan = 368 |bronx = 296 |brooklyn = 338 |queens = 306 |staten = 100 |total = 1,408 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Bernhard H. Goetz |party = Fusion |manhattan = 203 |bronx = 201 |brooklyn = 333 |queens = 253 |staten = 59 |total = 1,049 }}{{NY Election candidate| |name = Kenneth B. Golding |party = American Dream |manhattan = 96 |bronx = 112 |brooklyn = 163 |queens = 81 |staten = 22 |total = 474 }}{{NY Election end| |total = 1,480,582 }} References1. ^http://www.vote.nyc.ny.us/results.html] [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/12/nyregion/12MAYO.html 2. ^ 3. ^ 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20011006044528/http://www.walrus.com/~terminus/iw/ Walter N. Iwachiw] 5. ^Nagourney, Adam. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E6DF1630F93BA15753C1A9679C8B63 "Bloomberg Puts Eggs In a Basket: Giuliani's"], The New York Times, October 28, 2001. Accessed December 31, 2007. "Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani's decision to endorse Michael R. Bloomberg at City Hall yesterday provides Mr. Bloomberg with perhaps his greatest hope for victory as he moves into the final days of what his supporters describe as a troubled campaign." 6. ^ 7. ^http://marketing-case-studies.blogspot.com/2008/04/got-milk-campaign.html 8. ^" New York's difficult year", The Economist, September 12, 2002. Accessed December 31, 2007. See also{{2001 United States elections}}{{New York City mayoral elections}} 5 : 2001 in New York City|Mayoral elections in New York City|2001 New York (state) elections|2001 United States mayoral elections|November 2001 events |
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