| 词条 | Boeing C-135 Stratolifter | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Boeing C-135 Stratolifter is a transport aircraft derived from the prototype Boeing 367-80 jet airliner (also the basis for the 707) in the early 1950s. It has a narrower fuselage and is shorter than the 707. Boeing gave the aircraft the internal designation of Model 717.[1] Since the first one was built in August 1956, the C-135 and its variants have been a fixture of the United States Air Force. DevelopmentA large majority of the 820 units were developed as KC-135A Stratotankers for mid-air refueling. However, they have also performed numerous transport and special-duty functions. Forty-five base-model aircraft were built as C-135A or C-135B transports with the tanking equipment excluded. As is the case with the KC-135, the C-135 is also recognized as the Model 717 by Boeing.[2] C-135A/EFifteen C-135As, powered by Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojets, were built. In later years, almost all were upgraded with Pratt & Whitney TF33 turbofan engines and wide-span tail planes, and were re-designated C-135E. Most were converted to various special roles, including airborne command posts, missile-tracking platforms, and VIP transports, and were withdrawn throughout the 1990s.[3] C-135BThirty C-135Bs were built with the TF33 turbofans and wide-span tail planes from the start, and a small number remain in service in their original form. Ten were modified for a weather reconnaissance (flying through radioactive clouds from nuclear tests or other agents) role and designated WC-135B Stratolifter (Constant Phoenix in later versions). Additional airframes were converted to RC-135s from the 1970s to 2006, and remain in service with further equipment upgrades installed. C-135CThe C-135C designation applies to three WC-135B weather reconnaissance aircraft, which reverted to transport status. Most of the other C-135Bs were converted to various special mission variants following their service with the Military Airlift Command. Although most of the remaining C-135 aircraft are used for transporting senior military leaders and other high-ranking dignitaries, the C-135C communications aircraft serves as an aerial test-bed for emerging technologies. Developmental tests using this aircraft have demonstrated the capability to fly precision approaches using a local area differential GPS system. This modified C-135 has been fitted with a millimeter wave camera and a radome to test the camera’s generation of video images of the forward scene in low-visibility conditions. The aircraft, which in the VIP/Distinguished Visitor (DV) transport role seats 14 passengers, also gives a Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC) a limited ability to plan and control the simulated battle while in the air en route to the crisis area. Speckled TroutSpeckled Trout is the official name of a combined SAF/CSAF support mission and concurrent test mission. It was also the official nickname given to a modified C-135C, serial number 61-2669, that was used by the Secretary and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force for executive transport requirements. Fully equipped with an array of communications equipment, data links and cryptographic sets, the aircraft served a secondary role as a testbed for proposed command and control systems and was also used to evaluate future transport aircraft design. The 412th Flight Test Squadron (412 FLTS) of the Air Force Material Command (AFMC) at Edwards AFB, California operated the C-135 Speckled Trout airframe and managed its test mission. The name Speckled Trout applies to both the organization and the aircraft. The name was chosen in honor of an early program monitor, Faye Trout, who assisted in numerous phases of the project. The word "speckled" was added because Trout apparently had "a lot of freckles". Speckled Trout acquired the C-135C, serial number 61-2669, in 1974 and retired the aircraft on 13 January 2006. An interim aircraft was in use for the Speckled Trout mission until the 2008 delivery of the current aircraft, a modified KC-135R Stratotanker serial number 63-7980 with a more modern communications architecture testbed. The current KC-135R Speckled Trout also supports additional tests and air refueling requirements that the C-135C could not.[4] C-135FThe C-135Fs were new-built aircraft used by France as dual-role tanker/cargo and troop carrier aircraft.[5] Variants
Cargo/passenger variant of the KC-135A with seating for 126 passengers and powered by four J-57-P-59W engines, 18 built. It is given the Boeing model number 717-157.[2]
The same as C-135A but fitted with four TF-33-P-56 turbofan engines, 30 built. The five VC-135B special VIP fitted aircraft were re-designated C-135B during the Carter administration. It is given the model number 717-158.[2]
Three C-135B aircraft that had been modified to WC-135B standard were later reverted but retained an air-to-air refuelling capacity so were designated C-135C.
Three C-135A aircraft modified with four TF-33-PW-102 engines and then used as EC-135Ns were later re-designated C-135E for use in the combat support role.
Tanker variant for France similar to the KC-135A but did not use the K prefix, 12 built. It is given the Boeing model number 717-164.[2]
One former EC-135K modified for VIP use for CINCPAC.
Eleven French C-135F tanker aircraft modified with four CFM56 engines. Accidents and incidentsSee the respective pages{{For|accidents involving other C-135 variants|Boeing RC-135|Boeing EC-135|Boeing NC-135|Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix}} About three dozen KC-135 Stratotankers have crashed.
Aircraft on display
Specifications (C-135){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=jet |ref= |crew=3: pilot, copilot, loadmaster (4 for non-PACER CRAG aircraft) |capacity= |payload main= |payload alt= |length main=136 ft 3 in |length alt=41.53 m |span main=130 ft 10 in |span alt=39.88 m |height main=41 ft 8 in |height alt=12.70 m |area main=2,433 ft² |area alt=226 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main=98,466 lb |empty weight alt=44,663 kg |operating empty main=124,000 lb |operating empty alt=56,200 kg |loaded weight main=297,000 lb |loaded weight alt=135,000 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=322,500 lb |max takeoff weight alt=146,000 kg |more general= |engine (jet)=(R/T) CFM International CFM56 high-bypass turbofan engines, 21,634 lbf (96 kN) each (re-engined variants)
|type of jet= |number of jets=4 |thrust main=18,000 lbf |thrust alt=80 kN |thrust original= |afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt= |engine (prop)= |type of prop= |number of props= |power main= |power alt= |power original= |max speed main=580 mph |max speed alt=933 km/h |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main=3,450 mi |range alt=5,550 km |ceiling main=50,000 ft |ceiling alt=15,200 m |climb rate main=4,900 ft/min |climb rate alt=1,490 m/min |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{Portal|United States Air Force|Aviation}}{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} References
1. ^"Historical Perspective, Start of a PROUD MISSION", Boeing Frontiers, July 2006. }}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.uswarplanes.net/kc135.html|title=KC-135|publisher=US Warplanes.net| accessdate=December 17, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1960.html|title=1960 USAF Serial Numbers|author=|date=|website=www.joebaugher.com|accessdate=19 March 2018}} 4. ^Air Force article on Speckled Trout retirement {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309180216/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123016232 |date=March 9, 2012 }} 5. ^DoD 4120.14L, Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles, May 12, 2004 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640511-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing C-135B Stratolifter 61-0332 Angeles City-Clark Air Base (CRK)|first=Harro|last=Ranter|date=|website=www.aviation-safety.net|accessdate=19 March 2018}} 7. ^http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720701-8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19850319-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing KC-135A Stratotanker 61-0316 Cairo International Airport (CAI)|first=Harro|last=Ranter|date=|website=www.aviation-safety.net|accessdate=19 March 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=USAF Serial Number Search (60-374)|url=http://cgibin.rcn.com/jeremy.k/cgi-bin/gzUsafSearch.pl?target=60-374&content=}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Boeing EC-135E ARIA|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197557/boeing-ec-135e-aria/}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=USAF Serial Number Search (60-377)|url=http://cgibin.rcn.com/jeremy.k/cgi-bin/gzUsafSearch.pl?target=60-377&content=}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=Flight Test Historical Foundation museum aircraft inventory, Retrieved 2017-12-19|url=http://afftcmuseum.org/exhibits/museum-aircraft-exhibits/}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=USAF Serial Number Search (61-327)|url=http://cgibin.rcn.com/jeremy.k/cgi-bin/gzUsafSearch.pl?target=61-327&content=}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=USAF Serial Number Search (61-2669)|url=http://cgibin.rcn.com/jeremy.k/cgi-bin/gzUsafSearch.pl?target=61-2669&content=}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=USAF Serial Number Search (61-2671)|url=http://cgibin.rcn.com/jeremy.k/cgi-bin/gzUsafSearch.pl?target=61-2671&content=}} }}
External links{{Commons category|Boeing C-135 Stratolifter}}
5 : United States military transport aircraft 1950–1959|Boeing military aircraft|Quadjets|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1956 |
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