| 词条 | 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity |
| 释义 |
| title = 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity | partof = the United States presidential election, 2004 and the Opposition to the Iraq War | image = RNC NYC union square A29.jpg | caption = Protesters gather in Union Square before the march | date = | place = New York City, New York | coordinates = | causes = Nomination of George W. Bush | goals = | methods = | status = | result = | side1 = | side2 = | side3 = | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = | leadfigures3 = | howmany1 = | howmany2 = | howmany3 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = | sidebox = }} 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity includes the broad range of marches, rallies, performances, demonstrations, exhibits, and acts of civil disobedience in New York City to protest the 2004 Republican National Convention and the nomination of President George W. Bush for the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Hundreds of groups organized protests, including United for Peace and Justice, a coalition of more than 800 anti-war and social justice groups, and International ANSWER. Over 1800 individuals were arrested by the authorities, a record for a political convention in the U.S.[1] However 90% of those charges were eventually dropped.[1] Thursday, August 26Four young professionals and students, who called themselves Operation Sybil, hung a banner over the front of the Plaza Hotel. Two of them rappelled down the front of the hotel, after which they were able to hang the banner more than a dozen stories above the ground. The banner, which measured {{convert|60|ft|m}} wide and roughly three stories high, said "Truth," with an arrow pointing in one direction (toward Central Park, where the United for Peace March was supposed to take place) and "Bush," with an arrow pointing the other direction (toward Madison Square Garden, the site of the convention). The four climbers were quickly arrested and the banner was removed by the police. One police officer was injured in the process when he stepped on a skylight and it broke. As a result of the officer's injury, the climbers were charged with assault of a police officer along with their other charges.[2][3] Twelve AIDS activists from the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) staged a naked protest in front of Madison Square Garden, demanding debt cancellation for poor countries. They took their clothes off in the crosswalk, stopping traffic, as they joined hands and began chanting "Bush, Stop AIDS. Drop the Debt Now!" "Drop the Debt" and "Stop AIDS" were stenciled in black paint on their chests and backs. Their intent was to tell "the naked truth" about Bush's global AIDS policies – that they are inadequate, and that debt cancellation must be a top priority.[4] Seven of the protesters were completely naked, three were semi-clothed, and two others, who stood off to the side, were fully clothed, and held a large banner that read "W: Drop the Debt. Stop AIDS." The two clothed activists climbed on top of a nearby trailer to make the banner more visible. They were later arrested and faced several charges, including endangerment of a police officer, which was a result of the fact that officers had to climb on top of the trailer, which was a generator, in order to arrest them. Although there were several times as many police officers as there were protesters on the scene, it was seventeen minutes before the activists were arrested. They were represented by Ron Kuby, and all of the charges were later dropped. A few protesters who were semi-clothed were not arrested, and faced no charges.[5] The activists later became one of the subjects in photographer Richard Avedon's last project, published in the New Yorker.[6] Friday, August 27Between 5,000 and 6,000 participants took part in the Critical Mass bicycle ride. The monthly NYC Critical Mass ride promoted by the environmental group Time's Up! occurs on the last Friday of each month and prior to this ride had usually attracted about 1,500 riders. Police eventually blockaded roads and arrested 264 people in relation to that event. Most of them were charged with disorderly conduct and held in custody for up to 72 hours. This was the first time the NYPD had made any significant arrests of Critical Mass participants in New York City.[7][8][9][10] Sunday, August 29United for Peace and Justice organized the main march of the week, one of the largest protests in U.S. history, in which protesters marched past Madison Square Garden, the site of the convention. The march included hundreds of separate contingents as well as individual marchers. One Thousand Coffins, a nationwide group of citizens, veterans and clergy, held a procession of one thousand full-scale flag-draped coffins commemorating the fallen troops. Several hundred members of Billionaires for Bush held a mock countermarch. Estimates of crowd size ranged from 120,000 (unnamed police spokesman) to over 500,000 (organizers, second unnamed police source).[11][12] In March, 2007 NYPD Deputy Commissioner Paul Browne stated about the RNC protests: "You certainly had 800,000 on August 29."[13]Organizers held a pre-march press conference in front of thousands on 7th Avenue. Several people spoke in opposition to the war in Iraq and Bush administration policies including Michael Moore, Jesse Jackson, Congressman Charles Rangel, and a father who had lost his son in Iraq.[14] The whole event lasted six hours, with the lead contingent finishing the march long before thousands of people could even move from the starting point.[15][16] The City government, under Republican Mayor Michael Bloomberg, had earlier denied the protesters a permit to hold a rally in Central Park following the march, citing concern for the park's grass. The West Side Highway was offered instead, but organizers refused, citing exorbitant costs for the extra sound equipment and problems for the location.[17] Organizers encouraged people to go to Central Park following the march's conclusion in Union Square. Disturbances were minor, as New York Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly reported about 200 arrests with 9 felonies, most of them occurring after the march had concluded. Incidentally, this was also the day when the Protest Warrior and Communists for Kerry counter-protest groups held their main counter-demonstrations in support of Bush and the RNC. For the most part, the march proceeded peacefully and without violence. The only major incident during the march occurred when some individuals of unknown affiliations torched a large dragon float between Madison Square Garden and the Fox News building. The float turned into a huge fireball, and the march was halted until firefighters were able to clear the street of debris. Later, there was a minor scuffle as some individuals tried to take some of the Protest Warriors' signs. There were isolated incidents of violent attacks against delegates according to Randal C. Archibold, writer from the New York Times. In his article, "Protesters' Encounters With Delegates on the Town Turn Ugly," he discussed events that occurred in around the theater district, including one incident outside "The Lion King" on 42nd Street, in which a delegate is punched in the face by a protester running by.[18] Monday, August 30Still We Rise, a coalition of 52 NYC-based community organizations for the poor and people of color, marched at noon from Union Square to Madison Square Garden, and held a rally by the Garden.[19]At 4 PM, the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, a national campaign involving over sixty organizations, held a rally by the United Nations on the Dag Hammarskjold Plaza. Along with many homeless and poor people who have been marching with the PPEHRC through New Jersey and living in a "mobile Bushville" (which settled in Brooklyn a week before the Convention), thousands thronged the streets despite having been denied a permit and marched down Second Avenue and up Eighth Avenue to Madison Square Garden, the police having decided not to stop the protesters. A few troublemakers apparently acting alone disrupted the march towards the end by tearing open police barricades, with one person attacking a plainclothes police detective who had driven his scooter into the crowd (see note below), knocking him unconscious. Police made several arrests and deployed tear gas. There is considerable dispute involving this incident, as many eyewitnesses said they had no idea this was a policeman, who intentionally rammed his motorcycle straight into a dense crowd, hitting and injuring people, which started the altercation. One source said: "The divide and arrest tactics used by the police in the march have been seen in the past several days in New York here, and as have the use of undercover officers, mopeds and motorcycles."[20] Another source stated: "Eyewitness reports confirmed that an undercover police officer in a scooter rammed his way into the throngs of protesters, driving as fast as 20 miles an hour, as the police were splitting the crowd, before being knocked off and beaten by an angry demonstrator. 'What kind of person would ram into dozens of people in a scooter with a line of police behind him?' asked protester Gonzalo Hereda afterwards in disbelief."[21] Tuesday, August 31A group called the A31 Action Coalition[22] called for massive civil disobedience on Tuesday, August 31. Members of CODEPINK and others gathered in front of Fox News Channel's headquarters in New York City and held a "Fox News Shut-Up-A-Thon." About 1,000 people protested the network, complaining about lack of balance and deriding it as a propaganda arm of the Republican Party.[23][24] Most of the protesters from the War Resisters League didn't get very far from the World Trade Center on their 3-mile procession to the RNC convention at Madison Square Garden. They crossed one block and 227 of them were instantly surrounded by police and arrested. The several hundred remaining in the WRL contingent proceeded up a different route and got closer to the convention, and did a "die-in" in the street where 54 more were arrested. Protest from within the conventionThroughout the convention, there were several protesters who were able to sneak into Madison Square Garden and disrupt the speakers at the podium. Some even described it as surprisingly easy.[25] Anti-war activists from CODEPINK disrupted primetime addresses three nights in a row and twice during George W. Bush's acceptance speech.[26][27][28] The father of one of the first U.S. servicemen killed in Iraq was ejected after holding up a sign that read "Bush Lied. My Son Died."[29][30] Eleven AIDS activists from ACT UP also infiltrated the convention center during the Republican Youth Convention, chanting anti-Bush slogans and disrupting the event.[31] One female protester holding a sign was subdued by security, and alleged that she was kicked by a member of the Young Republicans while she was on the ground. Video of this event was shot by a local news station, but it proved to be inconclusive, because while it showed the Republican making kicking motions, it didn't show that any contact was made.[32] News of the alleged attack spread through the blogosphere, leading a website to identify a person whom they believed was the alleged attacker.[33] The female protester who was kicked then came forward and said she would consider pressing charges; however, she later decided that it was more worthwhile to expend her energy fighting AIDS.[34] The identity of the alleged attacker has not been conclusively confirmed. The eleven ACT UP protesters were charged with disorderly conduct, 2nd and 3rd degree assault, and inciting a riot (1 violation, 1 misdemeanor, and 2 felonies), although all of the charges were dropped. A twelfth individual, not associated with ACT UP, was also arrested with them for taking pictures of the action.[35] Controversial police tacticsConcerns have been raised about police tactics in arresting nonviolent protesters with many apparently innocent people being swept up in mass arrests.[36] For instance, a lawyer, along with 1000 other people, was detained in a facility by the New York City Police Department in such conditions that he said that the city had created its "own little Guantanamo on the Hudson", referring to the tortures reported in prisoners camps in Guantanamo. The police closed a street adjoining Union Square where protesters were marching, arresting protesters and bystanders alike. {{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} People were required to show identification cards or face arrest; the arrested people were not immediately informed of charges against them. The facility was the then-recently closed Hudson Pier Depot at Pier 57 on the Hudson River, a three-story, block-long pier that has been converted into a temporary prison, though unfit for detention of prisoners. Arrested protesters have complained about extremely poor conditions describing it as overcrowded, dirty, and contaminated with oil and asbestos. People reported having suffered from smell, bad ventilation, and even chemical burns and rashes.[37][38][39][40][41] In 2014, the city settled the lawsuits. $6.4 million was paid to 430 individual plaintiffs. $6.6 million was paid to settle a class-action lawsuit filed by 1,200 additional people. The legal fees were $5 million. The city did not admit any wrongdoing.[42] One of the plaintiffs, artist Constantina Zavistanos, has incorporated her settlement into the art work "Sweepstakes" where viewers are given a portion of the settlement.[43] Numerous cases were reported, notably:
The New York Times has also reported on two occasions that the police videotaped and infiltrated protests, as well as acting as agents provocateurs during the protests.[52][53] In addition, the New York Times reported that prior to the protests, NYPD officers traveled as far away as Europe and spied on people there who planned to protest at the RNC. [52]{{Failed verification|date=April 2015}} The City reportedly refused to release the prisoners until a judge threatened to fine it for every extra hour every prisoner would spend in prison. The victims of the arrests have filed lawsuits against the City of New York. Several cases have since gone to court, and it has come out that the charges of resisting arrest in those cases were completely fabricated. Video evidence was shown of defendants complying peaceably with police demands. Many of the cases have since been summarily dismissed. Some of them, as of 2011, however, remain open and are expected to proceed to trial.{{Citation needed|date=April 2015}} See also{{commons category|Demonstrations and protests at the 2004 Republican National Convention}}
References1. ^1 New York Civil Liberties Union Recap – fact is on page 7 of the PDF. {{New York City Police Department}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Republican National Convention Protest Activity}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://questionauthority.org/nycplazaaction/NYCPlazaAction.pdf |title=The Plaza Action Press Release |format=PDF |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://questionauthority.org/nycplazaaction/ |title=Photographs of the action |publisher=Questionauthority.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nyc-actup0826,0,2047267.story|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130713194321/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nyc-actup0826,0,2047267.story|dead-url=yes|archive-date=July 13, 2013|title=ACT UP stages naked protest|accessdate=July 13, 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.actupny.org/reports/rnc_nyc.html |title=Republican National Convention Protests in NYC |publisher=Actupny.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 6. ^ {{Dead link|date=November 2008}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/30/1453256 |title=Critical Mass: Over 260 Arrested in First Major Protest of RNC |publisher=Democracy Now! |date=August 30, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114174744/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F30%2F1453256 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df=mdy }} 8. ^publish.nyc.indymedia.org |First notes on the Critical Mass {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010153543/http://nyc.indymedia.org/feature/display/104892/index.php |date=October 10, 2004 }} 9. ^{{cite web|author=Ken Mondschein |url=http://www.corporatemofo.com/stories/040828criticalmass.htm |title=Critical Mass vs. NYPD |publisher=Corporatemofo.com |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.times-up.org/ |title=TIME'S UP! :: NYC Direct Action Environmental Organization – HOME |publisher=Times-up.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 11. ^[https://archive.is/20120722014541/http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/magazine/nyc-prot0830,1,1546524.story?ctrack=1&cset=true Massive protest mostly peaceful], Chicago Tribune, August 30, 2004. 12. ^500,000 March Against Bush in Largest Convention Protest Ever {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928024342/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F30%2F1453238 |date=September 28, 2006 }}," Democracy Now!, August 30, 2004. 13. ^"NYPD Debates Civil Liberties Attorney Over Police Spying of Protesters" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411045323/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07%2F03%2F26%2F1329207 |date=April 11, 2007 }}. 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March 26, 2007. 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/30/1453250 |title=Antiwar Voices Address March: Michael Moore, Jesse Jackson, Fernando Suarez, Charles Barron and More |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114174202/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F30%2F1453250 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/30/1453244 |title=The Battle for New York: 500,000 March Against Bush in Historic Antiwar Protest |publisher=Democracy Now! |date=August 30, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114174851/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F30%2F1453244 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df= }} 16. ^publish.nyc.indymedia.org |Photo summary of A29 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927103111/http://nyc.indymedia.org/feature/display/106765/index.php |date=September 27, 2011 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0825-11.htm |title=Judge Blocks Central Park Protest |publisher=Commondreams.org |date=August 25, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324194946/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0825-11.htm |archivedate=March 24, 2012 |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/31/politics/campaign/31protest.html?ei=5006&en=a9ba78aba9c3fa99&ex=1094616000&partner=ALTAVISTA1&pagewanted=print&position= |title=Protesters' Encounters With Delegates on the Town Turn Ugly |publisher=Newyorktimes.com |date=August 31, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/31/148254 |title=Still We Rise: Poor People March Against the 'Bush-Kerry' Agenda |publisher=Democracy Now! |date=August 31, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114174625/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F31%2F148254 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Thousands From Poor People's Campaign March From UN to Near Madison Square Garden |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2004/8/31/thousands_from_poor_peoples_campaign_march |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gwrlsNEM?url=http://www.democracynow.org/2004/8/31/thousands_from_poor_peoples_campaign_march |archivedate=May 22, 2009 |deadurl=no |accessdate=May 17, 2009 |df=mdy }} 21. ^Peaceful Protests Erupt Into Violence Near Republican National Convention {{webarchive |url=https://www.webcitation.org/5gwrm0q7c?url=http://www.utne.com/2004-08-01/PeacefulProtestsEruptIntoViolenceNearRepublicanNationalConvention.aspx |date=May 22, 2009 }} 22. ^a31.org {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030074247/http://www.a31.org/ |date=October 30, 2010 }} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/01/1433223 |title=New York Protesters Hold "Fox News Shut-Up-A-Thon" |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115050631/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F01%2F1433223 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0901-03.htm |title=Protesters Denounce Fox News for 'Twisted Views' |publisher=Commondreams.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111142715/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0901-03.htm |archivedate=November 11, 2011 |df= }} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0904-02.htm |title=Crashing the Party was Surprisingly Easy, Activists Say |publisher=Commondreams.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123152734/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0904-02.htm |archivedate=November 23, 2011 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/01/1424252 |title=Medea Benjamin Dragged off RNC Floor for Unfurling "Pro-Life: Stop the Killing of Iraq" Banner |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115051509/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F01%2F1424252 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/03/1457225 |title=Relentless Protest: CODEPINK Activists Ejected From RNC Three Nights in a Row |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115051617/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F03%2F1457225 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0903-02.htm |title=S.F. Woman Hauled Away for Interrupting President |publisher=Commondreams.org |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912182827/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0903-02.htm |archivedate=September 12, 2012 |df= }} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/03/1457236 |title=Father of Soldier Killed in Iraq Ejected From RNC For Holding Sign Reading: "Bush Lied. My Son Died" |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115051020/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F03%2F1457236 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/20040902-9999-1n2solar.html |work=SignOnSanDiego.com |title=A father gets anti-war message to the floor |date=September 2, 2004 |accessdate=5 September 2004 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040903002742/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/politics/20040902-9999-1n2solar.html |archivedate=September 3, 2004 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/03/1457241 |title=ACT-UP Activists Face Assault & Riot Charges for Protest Inside RNC |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115050512/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F03%2F1457241 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.actupny.org/reports/rnc_nyc-kicking.mov |title=video |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 33. ^{{cite web|author=Julian Sanchez |url=http://www.reason.com/hitandrun/2004/09/kicking_em_whil.shtml |title=Reason Magazine – Hit & Run > Kicking 'em While They're Down |publisher=Reason.com |date=September 16, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010125112/http://www.reason.com/hitandrun/2004/09/kicking_em_whil.shtml |archivedate=October 10, 2008 |df= }} 34. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923034727/http://www.dailypennsylvanian.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2004/09/21/414fd61e0a541 |date=September 23, 2004 }} 35. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/17/nyregion/17detain.html?pagewanted=1 The New York Times > New York Region > City Arrest Tactics, Used on Protesters, Face Test in Court] 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/30/1512202 |title=Crackdown: 400 Arrests as NYPD Unveil New Policing Tactics & Surveillance Methods |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114174539/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F30%2F1512202 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df= }} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/08/31/1433217 |title=WIth 600+ Arrests, Attorney Norman Siegel Warns About Unsafe Jail Conditions For Protesters |publisher=Democracy Now! |date=August 31, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114175206/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F08%2F31%2F1433217 |archivedate=November 14, 2007 |df= }} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/02/1454254 |title=Guantanamo On the Hudson: Detained RNC Protesters Describe Prison Conditions |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115050457/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F02%2F1454254 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/02/1455227 |title=Making Protest Painful: Detained RNC Protesters Held in Crowded, Oil-Contaminated Conditions |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115050335/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F02%2F1455227 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2004/09/01/politics1542EDT0711.DTL |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-03-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320180253/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2004%2F09%2F01%2Fpolitics1542EDT0711.DTL |archivedate=March 20, 2005 |df=mdy }} 41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0902-09.htm |title=GOP Convention Detainees Describe Long Stays in Grimy Conditions |publisher=Commondreams.org |date=September 2, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929224704/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0902-09.htm |archivedate=September 29, 2012 |df=mdy }} 42. ^Erin Durkin, Daniel Beekman, "City pays $18 million to settle lawsuits stemming from 2004 Republican National Convention" January 15, 2014. 43. ^"Constantina Zavitsanos, Sweepstakes, 2015" New Museum Tublr blog 2015 44. ^1 firstamendmentcenter.org: news {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124181707/http://www.fac.org/news.aspx?id=14410 |date=November 24, 2005 }} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6560653/ |title=Suit challenges detentions at GOP convention – Politics – MSNBC.com |publisher=MSNBC |date=November 22, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 46. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.2600.com/news/view/article/2031 |title=2600 NEWS: 2600 EDITOR EMMANUEL GOLDSTEIN AMONG 900+ ARRESTED AT ANTI-RNC PROTESTS |publisher=2600.com |date=September 1, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217062425/http://www.2600.com/news/view/article/2031 |archivedate=February 17, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.2600.com/rnc2004/ |title=2004 Republican National Convention in NYC |publisher=2600 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1243666,00.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130505092908/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1243666,00.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=May 5, 2013 |work=The Times |location=London |title=Police hold 1000 at Guantanamo on the Hudson |date=September 2, 2004 |accessdate=April 22, 2010 |first=James |last=Bone |df= }} 49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0902-08.htm |title=Judge Orders New York to Immediately Release Hundreds of Protesters in Lockup |publisher=Commondreams.org |date=September 2, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929224759/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0902-08.htm |archivedate=September 29, 2012 |df= }} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/03/1457246 |title=Father of Arrested Protester: "My Son Has Been Disappeared By This State |publisher=Democracy Now! |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115051254/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=04%2F09%2F03%2F1457246 |archivedate=November 15, 2007 |df= }} 51. ^{{cite web|author=Sarah Ferguson |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0435/ferguson3.php |title=Guantanamo on the Hudson – Page 1 – News – New York – Village Voice |publisher=Villagevoice.com |date=August 24, 2004 |accessdate=March 1, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008010332/http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/0435/ferguson3.php |archivedate=October 8, 2008 |df= }} 52. ^1 {{cite news | first = Jim |last = Dwyer |title = New York Police Covertly Join In at Protest Rallies |url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60F14F83F540C718EDDAB0994DD404482 |work = The New York Times |page = A1 |date = December 22, 2005 |accessdate =September 22, 2006 }} 53. ^{{cite news | first = Jim |last = Dwyer |title = City Police Spied Broadly Before G.O.P. Convention |url = |work = The New York Times |page = 1.1 |date = March 25, 2007 }} 6 : 2004 Republican National Convention|Protest marches in New York City|Political history of New York City|Political violence in the United States|2004 politics in New York (state)|New York City Police Department corruption and misconduct |
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