| 词条 | Book of Zephaniah | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Book of Zephaniah {{IPAc-en|ˌ|z|ɛ|f|ə|ˈ|n|aɪ|.|ə}} ({{lang-he-n|צְפַנְיָה}}, Tsfanya) is the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets, preceded by the Book of Habakkuk and followed by the Book of Haggai. Zephaniah means "Yahweh has hidden/protected,"{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}} or "Yahweh hides".{{sfn|Carson et al.|2015|p=1839}} Authorship and dateThe book's superscription attributes its authorship to "Zephaniah son of Cushi son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of King Josiah son of Amon of Judah" (1:1, NRSV). All that is known of Zephaniah comes from the text.{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}} The name "Cushi," Zephaniah's father, means "Cushite" or "Ethiopian," and the text of Zephaniah mentions the sin and restoration of Ethiopians.[1] While some have concluded from this that Zephaniah was a black Jew,{{sfn|Carson et al.|2015|p=1839}} Ehud Ben Zvi maintains that, based on the context, "Cushi" must be understood as a personal name rather than an indicator of nationality.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1235}} Abraham ibn Ezra interpreted the name Hezekiah in the superscription as King Hezekiah of Judah, though that is not a claim advanced in the text of Zephaniah.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1235}} As with many of the other prophets,{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|pp=781–784, 918, 1043}} there is no external evidence to directly associate composition of the book with a prophet by the name of Zephaniah.{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}} Some scholars, such as Kent Harold Richards and Jason DeRouchie, consider the words in Zephaniah to reflect a time early in the reign of King Josiah (640–609 BC) before his reforms of 622 BC took full effect,{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|p=1259}}{{sfn|Carson et al.|2015|p=1839}} in which case the prophet may have been born during the reign of Manasseh{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|p=1259}} (698/687–642 BC).{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=2111}} Others agree that some portion of the book is postmonarchic,{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1234}} that is, dating to later than 586 BC when the Kingdom of Judah fell in the Siege of Jerusalem.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=2111}} Some who consider the book to have largely been written by a historical Zephaniah have suggested that he may have been a disciple of Isaiah because of the two books' similar focus on rampant corruption and injustice in Judah.{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|p=1259}} PurposeIf Zephaniah was largely composed during the monarchic period, then its composition was occasioned by Judah's refusal to obey its covenant obligations toward Yahweh despite having seen Israel's exile a generation or two previously{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}}—an exile that the Judahite literary tradition attributed to Yahweh's anger against Israel's disobedience to his covenant.[2]{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|pp=758-759}} In this historical context, Zephaniah urges Judah to obedience to Yahweh, saying that "perhaps" he will forgive them if they do.[3]{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}} ThemesThe HarperCollins Study Bible supplies headings for the book as follows:{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|pp=1260-64}}
More consistently than any other prophetic book, Zephaniah focuses on "the day of the Lord,"{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1729}} developing this tradition from its first appearance in Amos.{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|pp=1259-60}}{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1186}}[4] The day of the Lord tradition also appears in Isaiah, Ezekiel, Obadiah, Joel, and Malachi.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1169}}[5] The book begins by describing Yahweh's judgement. The threefold repetition of "I will sweep away" in {{Bibleverse-nb|Zeph|1:2–3|NRSV}} emphasizes the totality of the destruction,{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|p=1260}} as the number three often signifies complete perfection in the Bible.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1505}} The order of creatures in {{Bibleverse-nb|Zeph|1:2|NRSV}} ("humans and animals ... the birds ... the fish") is the opposite of the creation order in {{Bibleverse|Genesis|1:1–28|NRSV}}, signifying an undoing of creation.{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2006|p=1732}} This is also signified by the way that "from the face of the earth" forms an inclusio around {{Bibleverse-nb|Zeph|1:2–3|NRSV}}, hearkening back to how the phrase is used in the Genesis flood narrative in {{Bibleverse|Genesis|6:7|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse-nb|Gen|7:4|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse-nb|Gen|8:8|NRSV}},{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|p=1260}} where it also connotes an undoing of creation.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=21}} As is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives Yahweh's judgement in Zephaniah{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1241}} by humbly seeking refuge in Yahweh.{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1738}}[6] The book concludes in an announcement of hope and joy,{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1242}}[7] as Yahweh "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration"{{sfn|Grudem et al.|2008|p=1739}} over his people.[8] Later influenceBecause of its hopeful tone of the gathering and restoration of exiles, {{Bibleverse|Zephaniah|3:20|NRSV}} has been included in Jewish liturgy.{{sfn|Berlin et al.|2004|p=1242}} Zephaniah served as a major inspiration for the medieval Catholic hymn "Dies Irae," whose title and opening words are from the Vulgate translation of {{Bibleverse|Zephaniah|1:15–16|NRSV}}.{{sfn|Attridge|Meeks|2006|pp=1259–60}} Notes1. ^{{Bibleverse|Zeph|2:12|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse|Zeph|3:9–10|NRSV}} 2. ^{{Bibleverse|1 Kings|17:5-18|NRSV}} 3. ^{{Bibleverse|Zeph|2:3|NRSV}} 4. ^{{Bibleverse|Amos|5:18–20|NRSV}} 5. ^{{Bibleverse|Isaiah|13:6|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse|Ezekiel|30:2–3|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse|Obadiah|15|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse|Joel|1:15|NRSV}}, {{Bibleverse|Malachi|4:5|NRSV}} 6. ^{{Bibleverse|Zeph|3:12–13|NRSV}} 7. ^{{Bibleverse|Zeph|3:14–20|NRSV}} 8. ^{{Bibleverse|Zeph|3:17|NRSV}} References
|ref = harv |title = The HarperCollins Study Bible |edition = Revised |year = 2006 |publisher = HarperCollins |place = New York |editor-last1 = Attridge |editor-first1 = Harold W. |editor1-link = Harold W. Attridge |editor-last2 = Meeks |editor-first2 = Wayne A. |isbn = 978-0061228407 }}
|ref = {{harvid|Berlin et al.|2004}} |title = The Jewish Study Bible |year = 2004 |publisher = Oxford University Press |place = New York |editor-last1 = Berlin |editor-first1 = Adele |editor1-link = Adele Berlin |editor-last2 = Brettler |editor-first2 = Marc Zvi |editor2-link = Marc Zvi Brettler |editor-last3 = Fishbane |editor-first3 = Michael |editor3-link = Michael Fishbane |isbn = 978-0195297515 }}
|ref = {{harvid|Carson et al.|2015}} |title = NIV Zondervan Study Bible |year = 2015 |publisher = Zondervan |place = Grand Rapids |editor-last1 = Carson |editor-first1 = D. A. |editor1-link = D. A. Carson |editor-last2 = Hess |editor-first2 = Richard S. |editor2-link = Richard Hess |editor-last3 = Alexander |editor-first3 = T. D. |editor-last4 = Moo |editor-first4 = Douglas J. |editor4-link = Douglas J. Moo |editor-last5 = Naselli |editor-first5 = Andrew David |isbn = 978-0310438335 }}
|ref = {{harvid|Grudem et al.|2008}} |title = ESV Study Bible |title-link = ESV Study Bible |year = 2008 |publisher = Crossway |place = Wheaton |editor-last1 = Grudem |editor-first1 = Wayne |editor1-link = Wayne Grudem |editor-last2 = Dennis |editor-first2 = Lane T. |editor-last3 = Packer |editor-first3 = J. I. |editor3-link = J. I. Packer |editor-last4 = Collins |editor-first4 = C. John |editor4-link = C. John Collins |editor-last5 = Schreiner |editor-first5 = Thomas R. |editor5-link = Thomas R. Schreiner |editor-last6 = Taylor |editor-first6 = Justin |isbn = 978-1433502415 }} Further reading
External links{{Wikisource|Zephaniah (Bible)|Zephaniah}}{{Commons category|Book of Zephaniah}}
Old Testament }}{{s-end}}{{Book of Zephaniah}}{{Books of the Bible}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zephaniah}} 3 : 7th-century BC books|Twelve Minor Prophets|Book of Zephaniah |
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