1. In media and culture
     Films   Literature  Television  Video games 

2. Controversy

3. See also

4. References

Brown-brown is reportedly given to child soldiers in West African armed conflicts.^[3][4] One former child soldier, Michel Chikwanine, has written a graphic novel with Jessica Dee Humphreys called Child Soldier, about the experience of being captured at the age of 5 by rebel fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including being given brown-brown.^[5] "The rebel soldier who had hit me used a long, jagged knife to cut my wrist and rubbed powder into the wound. They called it Brown Brown – a mixture of gunpowder and a drug called cocaine. Right away, I began to feel like my brain was trying to jump out of my head."^[6]

In media and culture

Films

• The fictional character Yuri Orlov (portrayed by Nicolas Cage) uses the drug in Liberia in the film Lord of War (2005).^[7]
• It is also portrayed being used by Liberian child soldiers during their preparations for a combat/assault mission in the French/Liberian film Johnny Mad Dog (2008).^[8]
• Several characters in the film Beasts of No Nation (2015) are seen snorting a substance, possibly cocaine, possibly heroin, that is mixed with gunpowder and burned.^[9]

Literature

• In the novel Beasts of No Nation (2005) and its 2015 film adaptation, brown-brown is used by many of the child soldiers and the Commandant.
• Ishmael Beah describes using brown-brown, cocaine, and other drugs while he was a child soldier in Sierra Leone, in his memoir Memoirs of a Boy Soldier (2007).

Television

• In 1000 Ways to Die episode 4.5, titled "Killing Them Softly" (2011), Tomo, a Sierra Leonean warlord, dies after snorting brown-brown with diamond dust in it, which cut through the lining of his lungs, breaching arteries and blood vessels.^[10][11]
• In the Funimation dub for the anime series Crayon Shin-Chan, the character Musae Koyama (aunt of the titular character, Shin Nohara) is renamed Bitzi Nohara and is presented as a photographer who is recovering from a brown-brown addiction after traveling to Africa and becoming romantically involved with a gun runner who trained child soldiers.

Video games

• In the video game Sons of Liberty (2001), Raiden divulges his experience as a child soldier and references the use of brown-brown.

Controversy

According to Brendan I. Koerner, the use of cocaine mixed with gunpowder may be less prevalent than reports indicate, as cocaine would be difficult to source during armed conflicts, especially in the African continent. Brown pills that were referred to as cocaine were most likely amphetamine. The first actual documentation of the term "brown-brown" was a 2005 Norwegian NGO report that stated the term refers to heroin.^[12]

See also

• Brown (disambiguation)

References

• Aku Aku (character)
• Akuapem Anafo
• Akubra
• Aku dialect
• Akufen
• Akula
• Akula class
• Akula-class submarine
• Akuma
• Akuma (band)
• Akumajo Dracula
• Akumajo Dracula II: The Accursed Seal
• Akumajo Dracula X68000
• Akumajoo Dracula
• Akumajou Densetsu
• Akumajou Dracula
• Akumajou Dracula II: The Accursed Seal
• Akumajou Dracula Special: Boku Dracula-kun
• Akumajou Dracula X: Gekka no Yasoukyoku
• Akumajou Dracula X: Gekka no Yasoukyokue
• Akumajou Special: Boku Dracula-kun
• Akumajô Dracula
• Akumal
• Akuma (Street Fighter)
• Akuma (Street Fighter character)