| 词条 | British Army of the Rhine |
| 释义 |
|unit_name = British Army of the Rhine |image = 21st army group badge large.png |image_size = 150px |caption = |dates = 1919–1929 1945–1994 |country = {{Flag|Weimar Republic}} {{flag|West Germany}} |allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch = {{army|UK}} |type = |role = |size = |command_structure = British Army |garrison = JHQ Rheindahlen, Germany |garrison_label = |nickname = |patron = |motto = |colors = |colors_label = |march = |mascot = |equipment = |equipment_label = |battles = |anniversaries = |decorations = |battle_honours = |commander1= |commander1_label= |commander2= |commander2_label= |commander3= |commander3_label= |notable_commanders= |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_label= |identification_symbol_2= |identification_symbol_2_label= |aircraft_attack= |aircraft_bomber= |aircraft_electronic= |aircraft_fighter= |aircraft_interceptor= |aircraft_patrol= |aircraft_recon= |aircraft_trainer= |aircraft_transport= |successor= British Forces Germany }} There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. History1919–1929The first British Army of the Rhine was set up in March 1919 to implement the occupation of the Rhineland. It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1] II Corps: Commanded by Sir Claud Jacob
Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division) Most of these units were progressively dissolved, so that by February 1920 there were only regular battalions:
In August 1920 Winston Churchill told the British Parliament that the BAOR comprised approximately 13,360 troops, consisting of staff, cavalry, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, infantry, machine gun corps, tanks, and the usual ancillary services. The troops were located principally in the vicinity of Cologne at an approximate cost per month of £300,000.[2] The Cologne Post was a newspaper published for members of the BAOR during this period. From 1922 the BAOR was organised into two brigades:[1] 1st Rhine Brigade
2nd Rhine Brigade
Commanders-in-ChiefThe commanders were:[3]
1945–1994{{Main|NORTHAG wartime structure in 1989}}The second British Army of the Rhine was formed on 25 August 1945 from the British Liberation Army.[4] Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well.[5] As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. It became the primary formation controlling the British contribution to NATO after the formation of the alliance in 1949. Its primary combat formation was British I Corps. From 1952 the commander-in-chief of the BAOR was also the commander of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) in the event of a general war with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. The BAOR was formerly armed with tactical nuclear weapons.[6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers.[7] The 1993 Options for Change defence cuts resulted in BAOR being replaced by forces roughly 25,000 strong, divided between Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps, 1st Armoured Division, other combat support and combat service support forces, and administrative elements headed by United Kingdom Support Command (Germany). Garrisons which closed at this time included Soest (home of the 6th Armoured Brigade),[8] Soltau (home of the 7th Armoured Brigade)[9] and Minden (home of the 11th Armoured Brigade).[10] Commanders-in-ChiefThe commanders were:[3]
Garrisons
See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.orbat.info/history/volume5/518/Original%20BAOR.pdf|title=The Original British Army of the Rhine|first=Richard|last=Rinaldi|year=2006|accessdate=1 November 2015}} 2. ^Hansard, Debate 10 August 1920 vol 133 cc204-5 3. ^1 Army Commands {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf |date=July 5, 2015 }} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article187497575 |title=Monty's "Army Of the Rhine" |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Queensland, Australia |date=25 August 1945 |accessdate=26 October 2016 |page=1|via=National Library of Australia}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://baor-locations.org/historybaor.aspx.html|title=British Army of the Rhine|publisher=BAOR Locations|accessdate=1 November 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1963/jan/30/baor-tactical-nuclear-weapons|title=BAOR (Tactical Nuclear Weapons)|publisher=Hansard|date=30 January 1963|accessdate=1 November 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Reynolds|first1=Gerald|title=Defence (Army) Estimates 1967-68|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1967/mar/06/defence-army-estimates-1967-68-vote-a#S5CV0742P0_19670306_HOC_566|website=millbanksystems|publisher=millbanksystems|accessdate=21 May 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://baor-locations.org/salamancabks.aspx.html|title=Salamanca Barracks|publisher=BAOR Locations|accessdate=1 November 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://baor-locations.org/bournmouthbks.aspx.html|title=Bournemouth Barracks|publisher=BAOR Locations|accessdate=1 November 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://baor-locations.org/kingslybks.aspx.html|title=Kingsley Barracks|publisher=BAOR Locations|accessdate=1 November 2015}} References
External links
11 : Field armies of the United Kingdom|British Army deployments|British forces in Germany|Allied occupation of Germany|Military units and formations established in 1945|Military units and formations disestablished in 1994|Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War I|Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II|1945 establishments in West Germany|1994 disestablishments in Germany|Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II |
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