1. Types of British passports
    British citizen, British overseas citizen, British subject, British protected person, British national (overseas)  Gibraltar  EU citizenship  Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories  Special British passports 

2. History
    Historical passports  Timeline  The pre-1988 passport  The British visitor's passport  European format passports  Change to blue passport 

3. Physical appearance
    Generic design  Front cover  Passport note  Information page  Function-related passports  Passports issued to residents of the Crown dependencies and Gibraltar  Passports issued to residents of certain British Overseas Territories  

4. Multiple passports

5. Observations

6. Abandoned plans for "next generation" biometric passports and national identity registration

7. Monarch

8. Visa requirements

9. Foreign travel statistics

10. Gallery of British passports

11. See also

12. References

Fees for all passport applications are reduced by £9.50 if completed online

British passports are passports issued by the United Kingdom to those holding any form of British nationality. There are different types of British nationality, and different types of British passports as a result. A British passport enables the bearer to travel worldwide and serves as proof of citizenship. It also facilitates access to consular assistance from British embassies around the world, or any embassy of another European Union member state. Passports are issued using royal prerogative, which is exercised by Her Majesty's Government.

British citizen passports have been issued by Her Majesty's Passport Office in the UK since 2006. British citizens can use their passport as evidence of right of abode in the United Kingdom and EU citizenship. All passports issued in the UK since 2006 have been biometric.

In 1988, the UK Government changed the colour of the passport to burgundy red, in line with most EU passports - the only exception being Croatia which is blue. The UK Government announced plans in December 2017 to return to the dark blue cover passport after Brexit.^[3]

Types of British passports

Owing to the many different categories in British nationality law, there are different types of passports for each class of British nationality. All categories of British passports are issued by Her Majesty's Government under royal prerogative.^[4] Since all British passports are issued in the name of the Crown, the reigning monarch does not require a passport.^[5] The following table shows the number of valid British passports on the last day of 2018 and shows the different categories eligible to hold a British passport:^[6]

British citizen, British overseas citizen, British subject, British protected person, British national (overseas)

British citizen, British overseas citizen, British subject, British protected person and British national (overseas) passports are issued by HM Passport Office in the UK. British nationals of these categories applying for passports outside the UK can apply for their passport online from HMPO. British passports were previously issued by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in British embassies around the world. However, in 2009, this was stopped and British citizen passports can now only be issued by the Passport Office in the UK. The FCO says: "In their 2006 report on consular services, the National Audit Office recommended limiting passport production to fewer locations to increase security and reduce expenditure."^[8]

Gibraltar

British citizens and British Overseas Territory citizens of Gibraltar can apply for their passport in Gibraltar, where it will be issued by the Gibraltar Civil Status and Registration Office.

EU citizenship

British citizens, British Overseas Territory citizens of Gibraltar and British subjects with right of abode are considered to be UK nationals for the purpose of EU law. They are therefore considered to be EU citizens, allowing them to move freely within the European Economic Area and Switzerland.

Other types of British nationals are not considered to be EU citizens, but may nevertheless enjoy visa-free travel to the European Union on a short-term basis.

Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

British passports in Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man are issued in the name of the Lieutenant-Governor of the respective Crown Dependencies on behalf of the States of Jersey, States of Guernsey and the Government of the Isle of Man respectively. Meanwhile, in British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territories Citizen passports are issued in the name of the respective territory's governor.

Special British passports

Diplomatic passports are issued in the UK by HMPO. They are issued to British diplomats and high-ranking government officials to facilitate travel abroad.

Official passports are issued to those travelling abroad on official state business.

Queen's Messenger passports are issued to diplomatic couriers who transport documents on behalf of HM Government.

Emergency passports are issued by British embassies across the world. Emergency passports may be issued to any person holding British nationality. Commonwealth citizens are also eligible to receive British emergency passports in countries where their country of nationality is unrepresented. Under a reciprocal agreement, British emergency passports may also be issued to EU citizens in countries where their own country does not have a diplomatic mission or is otherwise unable to assist.

History

Safe conduct documents, usually notes signed by the monarch, were issued to foreigners as well as English subjects in medieval times. They were first mentioned in an Act of Parliament, the Safe Conducts Act in 1414. Between 1540 and 1685, the Privy Council issued passports, although they were still signed by the monarch until the reign of Charles II when the Secretary of State could sign them instead. The Secretary of State signed all passports in place of the monarch from 1794 onwards, at which time formal records started to be kept.^[9]

Passports were written in Latin or English until 1772, when French was used instead. From about 1855 English was used, with some sections translated into French for many years.

In 1855 passports became a standardised document issued solely to British nationals. They were a simple single-sheet paper document, and by 1914 included a photograph of the holder.

The British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 was passed on the outbreak of World War I. A new format was introduced in 1915: a single sheet folded into eight with a cardboard cover. It included a description of the holder as well as a photograph, and had to be renewed after two years.

Historical passports

Some duplicate passports and passport records are available at the British Library; for example IOR: L/P&J/11 contain a few surviving passports of travelling ayahs for the 1930s.^[10]

A passport issued on 18 June 1641 and signed by King Charles I still exists.^[12]

Timeline

Various changes to the design were made over the years:^[11]

• In 1927, the country name changed from "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" to "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (alternatively the name of the colony appeared here)
• In 1954, the name of the Secretary of State was removed.
• In 1968 the validity was extended from five years renewable up to ten, to ten years non-renewable.
• At the end of 1972, several modifications were made. A special blue watermarked paper was introduced to make alteration and forgery more difficult. The number of pages was reduced from 32 to 30, and the holder's eye colour and the maiden name of a married woman were removed.
• In May 1973, an optional 94-page passport was made available which provided many more pages for immigration stamps and visas for frequent travellers.
• In 1975, lamination over the bearer's photograph was introduced to make alteration harder. Overprinting of the laminate was added in 1981 to make removal easier to spot.
• In 1979, UK exchange controls were abolished, and the foreign exchange page was removed.
• In 1982, the holder's occupation and country of residence were removed.
• In July 1988, changes were made to ease the introduction of machine-readable passports later in the year. Joint passports were no longer issued and the descriptions of distinguishing features and height were removed.
• In August 1988, the old style started to be replaced by the burgundy passport, which included the first-ever printed mention of the European Community on the cover and granted automatic free movement of labour to British citizens in the other 9 EEC countries (at the time), and reciprocally provided access for those nation's workers into the UK economy.^[12] Some offices issued the remaining stock of old-style passports until as late as 1993.^[13]
• 1998: Digital facial image rather than a laminated photograph, and intaglio or raised printing on the inside of the covers. Children under 16 are no longer included on new adult passports.^[14]
• 2006: Biometric passports (also called ePassports) comply with the US Visa Waiver Program.
• 2010: The Identity & Passport Service announced that the British passport was to be redesigned. Pages of the passport will contain well-known UK scenes including the White Cliffs of Dover, the Gower Peninsula, Ben Nevis and the Giant's Causeway. There will also be new security features, namely moving the chip which stores the holder's details to the inside of the passport cover where it will no longer be visible (this gives additional physical protection as well as making it much harder to replace the chip without damage to the passport cover being spotted), a secondary image of the holder printed onto the observations page, new designs now stretching across two pages and a new transparent covering which includes several holograms to protect the holder's personal details.^[15]
• 2015: HM Passport Office unveiled the design and theme of the new passport as 'Creative United Kingdom' at Shakespeare's Globe, London on November. The design features British cultural icons such as William Shakespeare, John Harrison, John Constable, Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Antony Gormley, Elisabeth Scott and Anish Kapoor; iconic British innovations such as the Penny Black and the London Underground; and UK landmark structures like the Houses of Parliament, London Eye, Edinburgh Castle, the Pierhead Building in Cardiff, Titanic Belfast and the Royal Observatory Greenwich. As part of the Press release the HM Passport Office said the new passport is the most secure in the world. The passport was released in December 2015. De La Rue has got a 10-year contract with HM Passport Office designing and producing the British Passports starting in 2010 as well as the new 'Creative UK' passport in 2015.^[16][17]

The pre-1988 passport

A 32-page passport with a dark cover, commonly known as the old blue style,^[18] came into use in 1920 with the formation of the Passport Service following international agreement ^[19] on a standard format for passports, and remained in use until replaced by the European Union-style machine-readable passport in late 1988. As with many documents worldwide and all booklet-format documents, details were handwritten into the passport and (as of 1955) included: number, holder's name, "accompanied by his wife" and her maiden name, "and" (number) "children", national status. For both bearer and wife: profession, place and date of birth, country of residence, height, eye and hair colour, special peculiarities, signature and photograph. Names, birth dates, and sexes of children, list of countries for which valid, issue place and date, expiry date, a page for renewals and, at the back, details of the amount of foreign exchange for travel expenses (a limited amount of sterling, typically £50 but increasing with inflation, could be taken out of the country).^[20] The bearer's sex was not explicitly stated, although the name was written in with title ("Mr John Smith"). Descriptive text was printed in both English and French (a practice which {{As of|2010|alt=still}} continues), e.g., "Accompanied by his wife (Maiden name)/Accompagné de sa femme (Née)". Changed details were struck out and rewritten, with a rubber-stamped note confirming the change.

If details and photograph of a man's wife and details of children were entered (this was not compulsory), the passport could be used by the bearer, wife, and children under 16, if together; separate passports were required for the wife or children to travel independently.^[21] The passport was valid for five years, renewable for another five, after which it had to be replaced.^[22]

The passport had a printed list of countries for which it was valid, which was added to manually as validity increased. A passport of 1955 was valid for the British Commonwealth, USA, and all countries in Europe "including the USSR, Turkey, Algeria, Azores, Canary Islands, Iceland, and Madeira";^[23] during its period of validity restrictions eased and it was endorsed "and for all other foreign countries".^[24]

The British visitor's passport

A new simplified type, the British Visitor's Passport, was introduced in 1961. It was a single-page cardboard document valid for one year obtainable for many years from Employment Exchanges, as agents of the Passport Office, and then from a Post Office. It was accepted for travel by most west European countries (excluding surface travel to West Berlin), but was dropped in 1995 since it did not identify the holder's nationality or meet new security standards.

European format passports

On 15 August 1988, the Glasgow passport office became the first to issue burgundy-coloured machine-readable passports. They followed a common format agreed amongst member states of the European Community, and had the words 'European Community' on the cover, changed to 'European Union' in 1997. The passport has 32 pages; a 48-page version is available with more space for stamps and visas. There are two lines of machine-readable text printed in a format agreed amongst members of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and a section in which relevant terms ("surname", "date of issue", etc.) are translated into the official EU languages. Passports issued overseas did not all have a Machine Readable Zone but these was introduced gradually as appropriate equipment was made available overseas.

In 1998^[25] the first digital image passport was introduced with photographs being replaced with images printed directly on the bio-data page which was moved from the cover to an inside page to reduce the ease of fraud. These documents were all issued with machine readable zones and had a hologram over the photograph, which was the first time that British passports had been protected by an optically variable safeguard. These documents were issued until 2006 when the biometric passport was introduced. The bio-data page is printed with a finely detailed background including a drawing of a red grouse (a native British bird), and the entire page is protected from modification by a laminate which incorporates a holographic image of the kingfisher; visa pages are numbered and printed with detailed backgrounds including drawings of other birds: a merlin, curlew, avocet, and red kite. An RFID chip and antenna are located on the obverse of the data page and hold the same visual information as is printed, including a digital copy of the photograph with biometric information for use with facial recognition systems. The Welsh and Scottish Gaelic languages were included in all British passports for the first time in 2005,^[26] and appear on the titles page replacing the official languages of the EU, although the EU languages still appear faintly as part of the background design. Welsh and Scottish Gaelic precede the official EU languages in the translations section.

Change to blue passport

There was speculation regarding re-introduction of the old-style passport following completion of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union^[27] but the government denied any immediate plans.^[28] Such a change was supported by some due to its symbolic value, including Brexit Secretary David Davis,^[29] while others thought the undue weight put on such a trivial change raises the question of whether the government is able to prioritise its order of business ahead of Brexit.^[30]

In December 2017, the Immigration Minister Brandon Lewis announced that the blue passport would "return" after the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union.^[3] The announcement led to controversy regarding the actual colour of the pre-1988 passport, with Scottish Conservatives leader Ruth Davidson calling the campaign "baffling" as she "always thought [the old passports] were black", and Channel 4 political journalist Michael Crick saying that "any witness would describe [the passport as black] in court".^[35]

Physical appearance

British passports are burgundy, with the coat of arms of the United Kingdom emblazoned in the centre of the front cover.

With the sole exception of emergency passports which are printed and issued by the British diplomatic missions, all other types British passports have been printed and issued by Her Majesty's Passport Office (HMPO) in the United Kingdom since May 2015, although some British Overseas Territories, such as Bermuda, did not start forwarding the applications to HMPO until June 2016 when its own passport book stock was depleted.^[36]

There are three types of covers among British passports. Passports with the generic cover are issued to British citizens not residing in the Crown dependencies and Gibraltar, and persons holding all other types of British nationality. Passports issued to residents of the Crown dependencies and Gibraltar have a slightly variated cover. Passports issued to British Overseas Territories citizens residing in certain territories have a completely different cover, albeit with the same interior design.^[37]

Generic design

Front cover

The words "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND" are inscribed above the coat of arms, whilst the word "PASSPORT" is inscribed below. The biometric passport symbol appears at the bottom of the front cover under the word "PASSPORT".

The words "EUROPEAN UNION" are printed at the top of British passports issued to British nationals who are considered "United Kingdom nationals for European Community purposes"^[38] (i.e. British Citizens, British Subjects with the right of abode^[39] in the UK and British Overseas Territories Citizens connected with Gibraltar).^[40] It is not included at the top of other British passports (i.e. passports issued to British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Citizens, British Protected Persons, non-Gibraltarian British Overseas Territories Citizens and British Subjects without the right of abode in the UK)

Passport note

Generic British passports contain on their inside cover the following words in English only:

In older passports, more specific reference was made to "Her Britannic Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs", originally including the name of the incumbent.

Information page

British passports issued by HM Passport Office include the following data on the information page:

• Photograph of the owner/holder (digital image printed on page)
• Type (P)
• Code of issuing state (GBR)
• Passport number
• Surname (see note below regarding titles)
• Given names
• Nationality (the class of British nationality, such as "British Citizen" or "British Overseas Citizen", or if issued on behalf of a Commonwealth country, "Commonwealth Citizen"^[41])
• Date of birth
• Sex (Gender)
• Place of birth (only the city or town is listed, even if born outside the UK; places of birth in Wales are entered in Welsh upon request ^[42])
• Date of issue
• Authority
• Date of expiry
• Machine Readable Zone starting with P

  The items are identified by text in English and French (e.g., "Date of birth/Date de naissance"); there is a section in which all this text is translated into all official EU languages, as well as Welsh and Scottish Gaelic.^[43]

  According to the UK government, the current policy of using titles on passports requires that the applicant provides evidence that the Lord Lyon has recognised a feudal barony, or the title is included in Burke's Peerage. If accepted (and if the applicant wishes to include the title), the correct form is for the applicant to include the territorial designation as part of their surname (Surname of territorial designation e.g. Smith of Inverglen). The Observation would then show the holder's full name, followed by their feudal title e.g. The holder is John Smith, Baron of Inverglen.

  Function-related passports

  Besides the ordinary passports described above, special passports are issued to government officials from which diplomatic status may (diplomatic passport) or may not (official passport) be conferred by the text on the cover. A special passport is available for the Queen's Messenger. The latter passport contains the text QUEEN’S MESSENGER – COURRIER DIPLOMATIQUE below the coat of arms, and the text "BRITISH PASSPORT" above it.^[44]

  Passports issued to residents of the Crown dependencies and Gibraltar

  {{See also|Gibraltar passport|Guernsey passport|Jersey passport|Manx passport}}

  British passports issued directly by the Crown dependencies as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar are slightly different from those issued by HMPO to residents of the United Kingdom and to British nationals abroad. The words EUROPEAN UNION still appear across the front of their passports, signifying their citizenship of the EU.

  Passports for British citizens connected to the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man do not carry the words "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" on the front cover. In their place, these passports feature the words BRITISH ISLANDS — BAILIWICK OF JERSEY or BAILIWICK OF GUERNSEY or ISLE OF MAN, as appropriate.

  Gibraltar passport covers are virtually identical to British passports issued by Her Majesty's Passport Office, except that they feature the word GIBRALTAR directly above the coat of arms and below the words "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."

  In passports issued by the Crown dependencies, the passport note request is slightly different from those issued by the UK, coming from the Lieutenant Governor of the respective island. This difference results from the Crown dependencies owing allegiance to Queen Elizabeth II rather than the Government of the United Kingdom.

  In Gibraltar passports, the "request" in the passport note is made by the Governor of Gibraltar instead of "Her Britannic Majesty's Secretary of State".

  The issuing of a British Passport by the authorities in the Crown Dependencies cannot be inferred from the machine readable zone as the issuing country code and citizenship code (both GBR) is identical to passports issued by the United Kingdom for British Citizens.

  Passports issued to residents of certain British Overseas Territories

  {{See also|British passport (Anguilla)|British passport (Bermuda)|British passport (British Virgin Islands)|British passport (Cayman Islands)|British passport (Montserrat)|British passport (Saint Helena)|British passport (Turks and Caicos Islands)}}

  Traditionally, British passports issued to BOTCs residing in certain British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, St. Helena, and Turks & Caicos Islands) bear a different design, even when the HMPO assumed the responsibility of the manufacturing process of these passports in 2015.

  Passports issued to BOTCs of those territories do not bear the words "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND", but instead have the words "BRITISH PASSPORT" above the royal coat of arms of Queen Elizabeth II and the name of the British Overseas Territory below it (e.g. "TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS"). The only exception is the design of Bermudian passports, which bears the wordings "GOVERNMENT OF BERMUDA" under the royal coat of arms.^[45]

  The nationality reads "British Overseas Territories citizen" regardless of the residence of the bearer. Previously, in the machine-readable zone, the three-letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code of the territory is given in the field of the code of issuing state, while GBD (British Overseas Territories citizens, formerly British Dependent Territories citizens) is shown in the nationality field. Either of these features enabled automatic distinction between BOTCs related to different territories. Ever since the HMPO assumed the responsibility of the issuance of BOTC passports in 2015, however, the code of issuing state is changed to GBD for all territories, thus making it impossible to identify the holder's domicile without the aid of other features, such as the passport cover.^[46]

  Similar to passports issued to Crown dependencies and Gibraltar residents, the passport note request is made by the Governor of the British Overseas Territory on behalf of "Her Majesty's Secretary of State".^[47]

  Multiple passports

  People who have valid reasons may be allowed to hold more than one passport booklet. This applies usually to people who travel frequently on business, and may need to have a passport booklet to travel on while the other is awaiting a visa for another country. Some Muslim-majority countries including Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen do not issue visas to visitors if their passports bear a stamp or visa issued by Israel, as a result of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In that case, a person can apply for a second passport^[48] to avoid travel issues. Reasons and supporting documentation (such as a letter from an employer) must be provided.^[49]

  In addition, a person who has dual British citizenship and British Overseas Territories citizenship are allowed to hold two British passports under different statuses at the same time. Persons who acquired their BOTC status with a connection to Gibraltar or Falkland Islands, however, are not eligible due to differences in regulations, and their BOTC passports will be cancelled when their British citizen passports are issued even when they possess both citizenships.^[54]

  Observations

  Certain British passports are issued with printed endorsements on the Official Observations page, usually in upper case (capital letters). They form part of the passport when it is issued, as distinct from immigration stamps subsequently entered in the visa pages. Some examples are:^[50][51]

  • The Holder is not entitled to benefit from European Union provisions relating to employment or establishment

  British citizens from Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man without a qualifying connection to the United Kingdom by descent or residency for more than five years have this endorsement in their passports.

  • The Holder of this passport has Hong Kong permanent identity card no XXXXXXXX which states that the holder has the right of abode in Hong Kong

  British Nationals (Overseas) (BN(O)s) have this endorsement in their passports, as registration as a BN(O) before 1997 required the applicant to hold a valid Hong Kong permanent identity card, which guaranteed the holder's right of abode in Hong Kong. Such persons would continue to have right of abode or right to land in Hong Kong after the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong in 1997 under the Immigration Ordinance. This endorsement is also found in a British citizen passport when the holder has both British citizenship and BN(O) status.^[51]

  • The Holder is entitled to right of abode in the United Kingdom

  British Subjects with the right of abode (usually from Ireland) have this endorsement in their passports.

  • The Holder is entitled to readmission in the United Kingdom

  British Overseas Citizens who have been granted indefinite leave to enter or remain after 1968 retain this entitlement for life as their ILR is not subject to the two-year expiration rule,^[52] and their passports are accordingly issued with this endorsement.

  • The Holder is subject to control under the Immigration Act 1971

  British nationals without the right of abode in the UK will have this endorsements in their passports unless they have been granted indefinite leave to enter or remain. However, even though a BN(O) passport does not entitle the holder the right of abode in the UK, this endorsement is not found in BN(O) passports (1999 and biometric versions).

  • In accordance with the United Kingdom immigration rules the holder of this passport does not require an entry certificate or visa to visit the United Kingdom

  This endorsement is found in BN(O) passports, and accordingly holders of BN(O) passports are allowed to enter the UK as a visitor without an entry certificate or visa for up to six months per entry.

  • The Holder is also a British National (Overseas)

  British citizens who also possess BN(O) status will have this endorsement in their passports to signify their additional status, as the two passports cannot be held at the same time.^[51]

  • The Holder is or The Holder is also known as ...

  This endorsement is found in passports where the holder uses or retains another professional, stage or religious name and is known by it "for all purposes", or has a recognised form of address, academic, feudal or legal title (e.g. Doctor, Judge, Queen's Counsel, Professor, Minister of Religion) regarded as important identifiers of an individual.^[50] The styling 'Dr ...', 'Professor ...' or similar is recorded here, or the alternative professional/stage/religious name, usually on request by the passport holder.^[50] For example, Cliff Richard's birth name was Harry Webb, and the passport Observations page would read:

  "The Holder is also known as Cliff Richard"

  This endorsement is also found in the passport of persons with Peerage titles, members of the Privy Council, holders of knighthoods and other decorations, etc, to declare the holder's title.

  Also, this endorsement is found if the passport holder's name is too long to fit within the 30-character limits (including spaces) on the passport information page; applies to each line reserved for the surname and the first given name including any middle name(s).^[53] In this scenario the holder's full name will be written out in full on the Observations page.^[53] According to the UK passport agency guidelines, a person with a long or multiple given name, which cannot fit within the 30-character passport information page limits, should enter as much of the first given name, followed by the initials of all middle names (if any).^[53] The same advice applies to a long or multiple surname. The holder's full name is then shown printed out in its entirety on the passport Observations page.^[50][53] For example, Kiefer Sutherland's birth name would read on the passport information page:

  Surname: "Sutherland"
  

  Given names: "Kiefer W F D G R"

  Observations page:

  "The Holder is Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland"

  • The holder's name in Chinese Commercial Code: XXXX XXXX XXXX

  This endorsement was found in BN(O){{citation needed|date=February 2013}} and Hong Kong British Dependent Territories Citizen passports held by BN(O)s and British Dependent Territories Citizens with a connection to Hong Kong who have a Chinese name recognised by the Hong Kong Immigration Department before the handover. After the handover, British passport issued in Hong Kong can only be issued at the British Consulate-General, and this endorsement is no longer in use. (See also: Chinese commercial code)

  • Holder is a dependant of a member of Her Britannic Majesty's Diplomatic Service

  This endorsement is found in British passports held by people who are dependants or spouses of British diplomats.

  Abandoned plans for "next generation" biometric passports and national identity registration

  {{main article|Identity Cards Act 2006}}

  There had been plans, under the Identity Cards Act 2006, to link passports to the Identity Cards scheme. However, in the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement that followed the 2010 General Election, the new government announced that they planned to scrap the ID card scheme, the National Identity Register, and the next generation of biometric passports, as part of their measures 'to reverse the substantial erosion of civil liberties under the Labour Government and roll back state intrusion.'^[54][55]

  The Identity Cards Act 2006 would have required any person applying for a passport to have their details entered into a centralised computer database, the National Identity Register, part of the National Identity Scheme associated with identity cards and passports. Once registered, they would also have been obliged to update any change to their address and personal details. The identity card was expected to cost up to £60 (with £30 going to the Government, and the remainder charged as processing fees by the companies that would be collecting the fingerprints and photographs).^[56] In May 2005 the Government said that the cost for a combined identity card and passport would be £93 plus processing fees.^[57]

  The next generation of biometric passports, which would have contained chips holding facial images and fingerprints,^[58] were to have been issued from 2012. Everyone applying for a passport from 2012 would have had their 10 fingerprints digitally scanned and stored on a database, although only two would have been recorded in the passport.^[59]

  Monarch

  The Queen, Elizabeth II, does not have a passport because passports are issued in her name and on her authority, thus making it superfluous for her to hold one.^[60] All other members of the royal family, however, including the Queen's husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and their son, heir apparent Charles, Prince of Wales, do have passports.^[60]

  Visa requirements

  {{main article|Visa requirements for British citizens}}{{see also|Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories Citizens}}{{see also|Visa requirements for British Overseas Citizens}}{{see also|Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas)}}

  Visa requirements for British citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the United Kingdom. As of 26 March 2019, holders of regular British Citizen passports had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 185 countries and territories, ranking the British Citizen passport 5th in the world in terms of travel freedom (tied with Austrian, Dutch, Norwegian, Portuguese and Swiss passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.^[61] Additionally, Arton Capital's Passport Index ranked the British Citizen passport 3rd in the world in terms of travel freedom, with a visa-free score of 163 (tied with Austrian, Belgian, Canadian, Greek, Irish, Japanese, Portuguese and Swiss passports), as of 17 October 2018.^[62]

  Visa requirements for other categories of British nationals, namely British Nationals (Overseas), British Overseas Citizens, British Overseas Territories Citizens, British Protected Persons, and British Subjects, are different.

  Foreign travel statistics

  According to the Foreign travel advice provided by the British Government (unless otherwise noted) these are the numbers of British visitors to various countries per annum in 2015 (unless otherwise noted):^[63]

  Foreign travel statistics
  Country	Number of visitors
  Albania}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014|Data for 2014}}	80,000
  American Samoa}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][65]	119
  Angola}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2015|Data for 2015}}[66]	14,267/12,319 ?
  Andorra}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}	150,000
  Angola}}[66]	12,319
  Anguilla}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[67]	5,021
  Antarctica}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[68]	3,915
  Antigua and Barbuda}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[69]	70,701
  Aruba}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}[70]	10,447
  Australia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[71]	731,900
  Austria}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[72]	919,500
  Azerbaijan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[73]	29,514
  Bahamas}}[74]	28,022
  Bangladesh}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	150,000
  Barbados}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[75]	218,638
  Belarus}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}	6,000
  Belgium}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[76]	868,173
  Belize}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[77]	13,342
  Bermuda}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[78]	41,348
  Bhutan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[79]	3,246
  Bolivia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[80]	17,528
  Bosnia and Herzegovina}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[81]	12,715
  Botswana}}[82]	41,011
  Brazil}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[83]	185,858
  Brunei}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2011|Data for 2011}}[84]	18,222
  Bulgaria}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018|Data for 2018}}[85]	424,384
  Burkina Faso}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[86]	1,343
  Cambodia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[87]	159,489
  Cameroon}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[88]	16,008
  Canada}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[89]	819,530
  Cape Verde}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[90]	126,685
  Cayman Islands}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}{{refn|group=note|name=Air|Data for arrivals by air only.}}[91]	14,017
  Chile}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[92]	54,714
  China}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[93][94]	594,300
  Colombia}}[95]	39,715
  Congo}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2012|Data for 2012}}[96]	6,115
  Cook Islands}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][97]	2,954
  Costa Rica}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[98]	76,173
  Croatia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[99]	750,675
  Cuba}}[100]	155,802
  Curacao}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[101]	2,806
  Cyprus}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[102]	1,327,805
  Czech Republic}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[103]	470,576
  Denmark}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	150,000
  Dominica}}[104]	4,951
  Dominican Republic}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[105]	177,534
  Ecuador}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}[106]	27,126
  Egypt}}	865,000
  Ethiopia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	20,000
  Estonia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[107]	58,402
  Fiji}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[108]	16,925
  Finland}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[109]	232,071
  France}}[110]	12,235,713
  French Polynesia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[111]	2,840
  Gambia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2012|Data for 2012}}[112]	60,424
  Ghana}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	90,000
  Georgia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[113]	29,406
  Germany}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016|Data for 2016}}[114]	2,551,061
  Greece}}[115]	2,397,169
  Greenland}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[116]	1,595
  Grenada}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017|Data for 2017}}[117]	25,351
  Guadeloupe}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	<1,000
  Hong Kong}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[118]	555,353
  Hungary}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[119]	376,573
  Iceland}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[120]	297,963
  Indonesia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[121]	352,017
  India}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[122]	986,296
  Ireland}}[123]	3,547,000
  Israel}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[124]	198,500
  Italy}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[125]	4,922,000
  Jamaica}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[126]	217,647
  Japan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[127]	310,500
  Jordan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[128]	64,776
  Kazakhstan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[129]	21,341
  Kiribati}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][130]	173
  Kuwait}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}	7,000
  Kenya}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2015}}	100,000
  Kyrgyzstan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[131]	6,900
  Laos}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[132]	27,723
  Latvia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[133]	95,357
  Lebanon}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[134]	61,994
  Lesotho}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2013|Data for 2013}}[135]	2,380
  Liechtenstein}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	2,200
  Lithuania}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[136]	58,200
  Luxembourg}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[137]	69,350
  Macau}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[138]	57,121
  Macedonia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[139]	8,856
  Madagascar}}[140]	3,167
  Malaysia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[141]	358,818
  Malawi}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2009|Data for 2009}}[142]	51,145
  Maldives}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[143]	103,977
  Malta}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[144]	640,570
  Mali}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}[145]	900
  Marshall Islands}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64]	51
  Mauritius}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[146]	149,807
  Mexico}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}{{refn|group=note|name=Air|Data for arrivals by air only.}}[147]	563,099
  Moldova}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[148]	11,555
  Mongolia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[149]	6,012
  Montenegro}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight|Counting only guests in tourist accommodation establishments.}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[150]	37,464
  Montserrat}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2010|Data for 2010}}[151]	1,380
  Morocco}}[152]	554,000
  Myanmar}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[153]	51,051
  Namibia}}[154]	27,365
  Nepal}}[155]	29,730
  New Caledonia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64]	708
  Nigeria}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	117,000
  Niue}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][156]	146
  Norway}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	581,000
  Netherlands}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[157]	2,195,000
  New Zealand}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[158]	249,264
  Nicaragua}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[159]	16,923
  Oman}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[160]	143,224
  Pakistan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2009|Data for 2009}}[161]	275,400
  Palau}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[162]	852
  Panama}}[163]	16,338
  Papua New Guinea}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[164]	6,974
  Peru}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[165]	69,506
  Philippines}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[166]	182,708
  Poland}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[167]	796,900
  Portugal}}	2,600,000
  Qatar}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[168]	120,495
  Romania}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[169]	179,265
  Russia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[170]	193,522
  Saba}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}{{refn|group=note|name=Air}}[171]	200
  Saint Lucia}}[172]	68,175
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}[173]	17,045
  Samoa}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][174]	1,422
  San Marino}}	5,750
  São Tomé and Príncipe}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2005|Data for 2005}}[175]	83
  Serbia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[176]	32,802
  Seychelles}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[177]	21,906
  Singapore}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[178]	518,903
  Sint Eustatius}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}{{refn|group=note|name=Air}}[171]	200
  Slovakia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[179]	77,837
  Slovenia}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}{{refn|group=note|name=Overnight}}[180]	118,508
  Solomon Islands}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[181]	496
  South Africa}}[182]	407,486
  South Korea}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[183]	126,024
  Spain}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[184]	18,502,722
  Sri Lanka}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[185]	201,879
  Suriname}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[186]	1,077
  Swaziland}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[187]	15,503
  Switzerland}}	709,925
  Sweden}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}[188]	603,000
  Taiwan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[189]	104,911
  Tanzania}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2016}}[190]	67,742
  Thailand}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[191]	994,468
  Timor-Leste}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64]{{refn|group=note|name=Air}}[192]	1,253
  Tonga}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][193]	1,102
  Trinidad and Tobago}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}[194]	37,473
  Turkey}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2018}}[195]	2,254,871
  Turks and Caicos}}[196]	6,399
  Tuvalu}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[64][197]	59
  Uganda}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2013}}[198]	43,009
  Uruguay}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2014}}	20,000
  Ukraine}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[199]	78,603
  United Arab Emirates}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[200]	1,265,000
  United States}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}{{refn|group=note|name=USA|Total number includes tourists, business travelers, students, exchange visitors, temporary workers and families, diplomats and other representatives and all other classes of nonimmigrant admissions (I-94).}}[201]	5,076,167
  Uzbekistan}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2015|Data for 2015}}[202]	1,800
  Venezuela}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2013}}[203]	20,837
  Vietnam}}{{refn|group=note|name=Y2017}}[204]	283,537
  Zambia}}[205]	36,997

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  19. ^ http://biblio-archive.unog.ch/detail.aspx?ID=40650 Conference on Passports, Customs Formalities and Through Tickets, Paris, 1920 (Sub-sub-series)
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  23. ^1955 passport, printed on page 4
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  193. ^{{cite web|url=http://tonga.prism.spc.int/index.php/social/migration-statistics#arrivals-by-citizenship|title=Migration Statistics - Tonga Stats|first=Tonga|last=Stats|publisher=}}
  194. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tdc.co.tt/pdf.php?pdf=2.1.4.TnTStopoverMkts95toYTD.pdf|title= T&T – Stopover Arrivals By Main Markets 1995-YTD|publisher=}}
  195. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/Eklenti/61825,decemberbulletin2018xlsxlsxls.xls?0|title=DISTRIBUTION OF ARRIVING FOREIGN VISITORS (2016-2018) JANUARY-DECEMBER|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=}}
  196. ^{{cite web|url=http://turksandcaicostourism.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Turks-Caicos-Tourism-Statistics-2015.pdf|title=Turks and Caicos sto-over arrivals|publisher=}}
  197. ^{{cite web|url=https://corporate.southpacificislands.travel/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2016-Annual-Visitor-Arrivals-ReviewF.pdf|title=2016 annual visitor arrivals review|first=|last=Dev1|publisher=}}
  198. ^{{cite web|url=http://tourism.go.ug/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&download=36:statistical-abstract-2014&id=4:statistics&Itemid=300|title=MINISTRY OF TOURISM, WILDLIFE AND ANTIQUITIES SECTOR STATISTICAL ABSTRACT,2014|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507190931/http://tourism.go.ug/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&download=36%3Astatistical-abstract-2014&id=4%3Astatistics&Itemid=300|archivedate=2016-05-07|df=}}
  199. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2013/tyr/tyr_e/vig2017_e.htm|title=Foreign citizens who visited Ukraine in 2017 year,  by countries|website=www.ukrstat.gov.ua}}
  200. ^Statistics for the Emirate of Dubai
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  201. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2017/table28|title=Table 28 - Homeland Security|publisher=}}
  202. ^{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.uz/ru/datasets/3572|title=Распределение въехавших в Республику Узбекистан иностранных граждан по странам в 2015 году|website=data.gov.uz |access-date=12 March 2018}}
  203. ^ 
  204. ^International visitors to Viet Nam in December and 12 months of 2017
  205. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mota.gov.zm/index.php/downloads/data-and-statistics|title=Downloads|publisher=}}
  

  Gallery of British passports

  See also

  {{Portal|United Kingdom}}
  • Visa requirements for British citizens

  References

  {{reflist|30em}}{{British passports}}{{Passports}}
  3 : Passports by country|British passports|European Union passports

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