| 词条 | Broccolini |
| 释义 |
| name = Broccolini | image = Broccolini.jpg | image_caption = | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Rosids | ordo = Brassicales | familia = Brassicaceae | genus = Brassica | species = B. oleracea | subdivision_ranks = Cultivar Group | subdivision = Brassica oleracea Italica Group x Alboglabra Group| }} Broccolini or baby broccoli (original Japanese: {{lang|ja|ブロッコリーニ}})[1] is a green vegetable similar to broccoli but with smaller florets and longer, thin stalks. It is a natural hybrid of broccoli and gai lan (jie lan in mandarin Chinese; sometimes referred to as "Chinese Kale" or "Chinese Broccoli"), both cultivar groups of Brassica oleracea. HistoryBroccolini was originally developed over eight years[2] by the Sakata Seed Company of Yokohama, Japan. It was developed as a natural hybrid of broccoli and Chinese Kale, rather than being genetically modified.[3] Sakata partnered with Sanbon Incorporated in 1994 to begin growing the product commercially in Mexico under the name Asparation, implying a similarity to asparagus due to the slim, edible stem. After becoming first available in US markets in 1996, in 1998 Sakata began a partnership with Mann Packing Company in Salinas, CA and marketed the product as Broccolini.[4] New forms of broccolini continue to be developed, including purple broccolini.[5] DescriptionBroccolini has a similar structure to sprouting type broccoli. It grows to 80 centimeters, with a slender elongated stem that is 15–30 centimeters long. It is annual or biennial, herbaceous and glaucous. ConsumptionThe entire vegetable (leaves, young stems, unopened flower shoots, and flowers) is consumable. Its flavor is sweet, with notes of both broccoli and asparagus,[1] although it is not closely related to the latter. Common cooking methods include sauteeing, steaming, boiling, and stir frying. According to a 2005 Horticulture Australia study, in Australia, 78% of people steam broccolini, 53% stir fry it, and 3% eat it raw or in a salad.[6] It is usually eaten steamed in Japan, where it is highly popular as a spring vegetable. NutritionBroccolini is high in vitamin C and contains significant vitamin A and dietary fiber. 1 cup (122g or 4.3oz) contains 37 calories (155 kj) with 105% of daily vitamin C intake, 39% of vitamin A needs and 15% of dietary fibre needs. Broccolini also contains potassium, calcium and iron in smaller amounts.[7] ProductionClimateBroccolini grows in cool climates and is intolerant to extreme climates. It is more sensitive to cold temperatures than broccoli but less sensitive to hot temperatures.[8] Growth and distributionBroccolini takes 50–60 days to grow after being transplanted. It is harvested when the heads are fully developed but are not flowering. By cutting off the head, the harvest time is extended by four weeks as new shoots of smaller heads will grow. After being harvested, the plant is cooled to 0°C, preventing the flower heads developing.[9][10] Broccolini is grown near the central California coast during the spring, summer, and fall seasons and Yuma, Arizona throughout the winter. It is sold throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, as well as 5 states in Australia.[10] Produce referenceThe International Federation for Produce Standards assigns it the price look-up code 3277, "baby broccoli". It is also known as asparation, asparations, "sweet baby broccoli", bimi, broccoletti, broccolette[11] "Italian Sprouting broccoli",[12] and Tenderstem. In the United Kingdom and Ireland it is referred to as "Tenderstem broccoli". In Brazil, the common form of the word broccoli ("brócolis") refers to broccolini: the more traditional broccoli is called "brócolis americano" (American broccoli). References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://globe.asahi.com/feature/081103/side/04.html|title=朝日新聞グローブ (GLOBE)｜サイドストーリー ブロッコリー物語|work=asahi.com}} {{Brassica oleraca}}2. ^{{Cite book|title=Chef, Volume 8|last=|first=|publisher=|year=1998|isbn=|location=|pages=16|via=}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sakatavegetables.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/homegrownarticles.detail/articleID/24/index.htm|title=Sakata Home Grown Presents: Broccolini® Ideas|last=|first=|date=1 January 2013|website=Sakata Vegetables|publisher=|accessdate=22 September 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://agsyst.wsu.edu/Broccolini.html|title=Broccolini|last=|first=|date=|website=Washington State University|publisher=|accessdate=17 September 2016}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170071147?oq=US+2017%2f0071147+Al.|title=Purple baby broccoli|last=Tsunehiro Yagoshi|first=Kakegawa|date=2017|website=Google Patents|archive-url=|archivedate=|dead-url=|accessdate=28 March 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Piccone|first1=Marie|title=Understanding the retail performance of broccolini using a tool for determining in store performance and customer demand.|url=http://ausveg.com.au/intranet/technical-insights/docs/VG03100.pdf|website=AusVeg|publisher=Horticulture Australia Ltd|accessdate=17 September 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nutritionix.com/i/nutritionix/broccolini-1-cup/56df46458ee0c645585a137d|title=Broccolini - 1 cup|last=|first=|date=|website=Nutrionix|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 7, Flowers|last=Lim|first=T. K.|publisher=Springer|year=2014|isbn=978-94-007-7394-3|location=|pages=625|via=}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.freshplease.com.au/fresh-vegetables/category/baby-broccoli-broccolini|title=Baby Broccoli (Broccolini)|date=|website=Fresh Please|archive-url=|archivedate=|dead-url=|accessdate=5 June 2018}} 10. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://sakatavegetables.com/homegrown-vegetable/broccoli/aspabroc/|title=Aspabroc (Hybrid)|last=|first=|date=|website=Sakata Vegetables|publisher=sakatavegetables.com|archive-url=|archivedate=|dead-url=|accessdate=5 June 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freshdirect.com/product.jsp?catId=orgnat_veg_cbbg&productId=veg_org_brcclni|title=Organic Broccolette|last=|first=|date=|website=Fresh Direct|publisher=|access-date=17 September 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Produce Broccolini|url=http://www.specialtyproduce.com/produce/Broccolini_13596.php|website=Speciality Produce|accessdate=15 October 2016}} 2 : Brassica oleracea|Inflorescence vegetables |
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