| 词条 | Bryher | ||||||
| 释义 |
| country = England | static_image_name = Cromwell's Castle, Tresco overlooking Bryher - geograph.org.uk - 885110.jpg | static_image_caption = Bryher seen from Tresco | coordinates = {{coord|49.954|-6.356|display=inline,title}} | official_name = Bryher | population = 84 | population_ref = (2011) | civil_parish= Bryher | unitary_england= Isles of Scilly | lieutenancy_england = Cornwall | metropolitan_borough = | metropolitan_county = | region = South West England | constituency_westminster = St Ives | post_town = ISLES OF SCILLY | postcode_district = TR23 | postcode_area = TR | dial_code = 01720 | os_grid_reference = SV876361 }} Bryher ({{lang-kw|Breyer}}, place of hills) is one of the smaller of the inhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly. GeographyThe island has a length of {{convert|2|km|mi}}, a maximum width of {{convert|1|km|mi}} and an area of {{convert|134|ha}}, including Shipman Head, which rises to {{convert|42|m|ft}} at the northern end of the island.[1] Bryher lies to the west of Tresco, and is separated from that island by the Tresco Channel, once the main anchorage for the islands and now an area where sandflats are exposed at low tide. Off the southern end of Bryher is the uninhabited island of Samson. It is possible to walk between the three islands at the lowest spring tides. The settlement at the Pool / Hell Bay Hotel is the westernmost in England. Without the tidal island of Gugh included, St Agnes is marginally smaller than Bryher in either population or area; however if Gugh is included with St Agnes, which is the common interpretation, then Bryher is (again, marginally) the smallest of the populated isles of Scilly in area and population. The centre of Bryher is mainly low-lying with arable fields, pasture and housing and is where most of the population of 84 live. On the west side is the brackish Great Pool overlooked by the Hell Bay Hotel and in the south are sandy beaches, a common feature on the island, Rushy Bay being an example. The island lies within the Isles of Scilly Heritage Coast, is part of the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and untenanted land is leased by the Duchy of Cornwall to the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust which is using ponies and red ruby cattle[2] to graze the overgrown areas as part of the Waves of Heath project. HistoryThe name of the island is recorded as Brayer in 1336 and Brear in 1500. Hell BayThe infamous Hell Bay can be found on Bryher. This Atlantic-facing cove became a notorious place for shipwrecks over the 18th and 19th century though there is little evidence to support this, most ships having been wrecked before they even reached here. Bar QuayIn the centre of the island is Bar Quay, which was built in 1990 by volunteers for the television programme Challenge Anneka. It is known to many islanders as 'Anna-Quay'. In 2007 it was replaced by a new concrete quay, as part of a Scilly-wide programme of quay rebuilding. Natural historyThere are three Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) on Bryher. The Shipman Head and Shipman Down SSSI was first designated in 1971 and covers over 40 ha of the northern part of the island. Waved maritime heath grows over shallow podzolic soils which are underlain by Hercynian granite. Rare plants include the Red Data Book (RDB) Orange Bird's-foot (Ornithopus pinnatus) and the nationally scarce Hairy Bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus subbiflorus). Lichens include (Lobaria pulmonaria) and (Teleoschistes flavicans).[3] On the west side of the island is Great Pool which is part of the Pool of Bryher and Popplestone Bank SSSI. It is separated from the sea by a storm beach and small dune system, and is the only natural brackish lagoon on Scilly with plants such as Saltmarsh Rush (Juncus gerardii) and Beaked Tasselweed (Ruppia maritima).[4] Covering {{convert|12|ha}} of the southern part of the island is the Rushy Bay and Heathy Hill SSSI which has a number of nationally rare plants. An Isles of Scilly speciality is the Dwarf Pansy (Viola kitaibeliana) which grows nowhere else in Great Britain. It is locally abundant on Bryher and thousands can be found in May in short turf and bare sand.[1] Unfortunately a storm in 2008 reduced the numbers of plants seen; there are also small colonies on Tresco and Teän. Orange Bird's-foot, Small Adder's-tongue (Ophioglossum azoricum) and Autumn's Lady's-tresses (Spiranthes spiralis) grow on Heathy Hill.[5] Breeding birdsShipman head has seven species of breeding seabirds:
Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula) breed on Shipman Down.[3] Civil parish and wardBryher is one of the five civil parishes of the Isles of Scilly, which are also wards. The civil parish and ward include several uninhabited islands and rocks, including the Norrard Rocks, Gweal, Zantman's Rock and the Crim Rocks (the westernmost place of England).[6] Bryher returns two councillors to the Council of the Isles of Scilly, the same as the other "off-island" wards. The civil parish is not functional however, and there is no council or meeting. Visiting the islandVaried accommodation is available on the island. There are guesthouses and self-catering cottages scattered across the island. The campsite is located close to the north end of the island overlooking both coasts. The Hell Bay Hotel is located close to the coast on the west side. Two quays are used (depending on tides) by boats which take tourists between Bryher and other islands, including St Mary's and Tresco. On some low tides it is possible to walk between Bryher and Tresco and even Samson, the uninhabited island to the south. There is also safe anchorage for small yachts in the channel and Green Bay. In the north of the island are the Fraggle Rock Bar, Vine Cafe and the Bryher shop, which opened in 2011. The Golden Eagle Gig shed on the west coast is the studio of the artist Richard Pearce. All Saints' Church, Bryher is located on the island. Local activities include boating, walking and watching wildlife. Other uses of "Bryher"In recent years Bryher has been become a popular girl's name. Annie Winifred Ellerman, daughter of the UK's wealthiest man Sir John Ellerman, took the name Bryher as her nom de plume in the early 20th century. EducationFive Islands Academy (previously Five Islands School) has its Tresco and Bryher Base, a primary campus in Tresco.[7] Primary pupils commute daily to Tresco.[8] Secondary pupils board at the St Mary's main campus,[7] staying there on weekdays and coming back and forth to their home islands on weekends.[8]Students at the sixth-form college level reside and board elsewhere,[9] in mainland Great Britain. Previously the Learning and Skills Council paid for costs of accommodation for sixth-formers.[10] Use in film and televisionIn 1989, the island was used for some of the scenes in the BBC's television adaptation of The [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096681/ Voyage of the Dawn Treader]. [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0098638/ When the Whales Came] was made on location in 1989 and starred Helen Mirren, Helen Pearce, Paul Scofield and David Suchet. In fictionBryher features in various books: The Wreck of the Zanzibar, The Sleeping Sword, Why the Whales Came and Listen to the Moon, all by Michael Morpurgo and Hell Bay by Sam Llewellyn. Population
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Parslow|first=Rosemary|title=The Isles of Scilly|year=2007|publisher=HarperCollins|location=London|isbn=978-0-00-220150-6}} 2. ^A little grazing goes a long way, Western Morning News 1 April 2009, retrieved 15 February 2016 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Shipman Head and Shipman Down |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002021.pdf |publisher=Natural England |accessdate=8 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024224934/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002021.pdf |archivedate=24 October 2012 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Pool of Bryher and Popplestone Bank |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001961.pdf |publisher=Natural England |accessdate=8 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024224651/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001961.pdf |archivedate=24 October 2012 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Rushy Bay and Heathy Hill |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001981.pdf |publisher=Natural England |accessdate=8 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024224916/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1001981.pdf |archivedate=24 October 2012 |df= }} 6. ^Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 map 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.fiveislands.scilly.sch.uk/contact-us/|title=Contact Us|publisher=Five Islands Academy|accessdate=2018-12-07}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.scilly.gov.uk/children/schools-colleges/home-school-travel|title=Home to School Travel|publisher=Isles of Scilly Council|accessdate=2018-12-08}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scilly.gov.uk/childrens-services/schools-colleges|title=Schools & Colleges|publisher=Isles of Scilly Council|accessdate=2018-12-08}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021014143342/http://www.scilly.gov.uk:80/education/education.php|title=Education|publisher=Council of the Isles of Scilly|date=2002-10-14|accessdate=2018-12-08|quote=There is no post-16 provision on the Islands, students leaving the Isles of Scilly (VC) Federated School attend at colleges/schools with 6th forms on the mainland.[...]}} External links{{Commons category|Bryher, Isles of Scilly}}
4 : Inhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly|Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the Isles of Scilly|Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1971|Civil parishes in Cornwall |
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