词条 | Bubble tea |
释义 |
| name = Bubble tea | image = File:Classic bubble tea.jpg | caption = A glass of bubble tea | alternate_name = Boba Pearl milk tea Boba milk tea Boba tea Tapioca tea | country = Taiwan | region = East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand | course = Drink | served = | main_ingredient = Tapioca, milk, creamer, brewed tea, sugar, flavorings | variations = | calories = | other = | cookbook = Bubble Tea }}Bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, or simply boba) ({{zh|c=波霸奶茶|p=bōbà nǎichá}}, with tapioca balls it is {{zh|c=珍珠奶茶|p=zhēnzhū nǎichá|labels=no}}) is a Taiwanese tea-based drink invented in Tainan and Taichung in the 1980s.[1] Recipes contain tea of some kind, flavors of milk, as well as sugar (optional). Toppings, such as chewy tapioca balls (also known as pearls, or boba), popping boba, fruit jelly, grass jelly, agar jelly, and puddings are often added. Ice-blended versions are frozen and put into a blender, resulting in a slushy consistency.[2] There are many varieties of the drink with a wide range of flavors. The two most popular varieties are black pearl milk tea and green pearl milk tea.[2] DescriptionBubble teas fall under two categories: teas (without milk) and milk teas. Both varieties come with a choice of black, green, or oolong tea, and come in many flavors (both fruit and non-fruit). Milk teas include either condensed milk, powdered milk, or fresh milk. Some shops offer non-dairy creamer options as well. In addition, many boba shops sell Asian style smoothies, which include a dairy base and either fresh fruit or fruit-flavored powder (but no tea). Now, there are hot versions available at most shops as well. The oldest known bubble tea consisted of a mixture of hot Taiwanese black tea, small tapioca pearls (粉圓), condensed milk, and syrup (糖漿) or honey. Many variations followed; the most common are served cold rather than hot. The most prevalent varieties of tea have changed frequently. Bubble tea first became popular in Taiwan in the 1980s, but the original inventor is unknown. Larger tapioca pearls (波霸/黑珍珠) were adapted and quickly replaced the small pearls.[4] Soon after, different flavors, especially fruit flavors, became popular. Flavors may be added in the form of powder, pulp, or syrup to oolong, black or green tea, which is then shaken with ice in a cocktail shaker. The tea mixture is then poured into a cup with the toppings in it. Today, there are stores that specialize in bubble tea.[3] Some cafés use plastic lids, but more authentic bubble tea shops serve drinks using a machine to seal the top of the cup with plastic cellophane. The latter method allows the tea to be shaken in the serving cup and makes it spill-free until one is ready to drink it. The cellophane is then pierced with an oversize straw large enough to allow the toppings to pass through. Today, in Taiwan, it is most common for people to refer to the drink as pearl milk tea (zhēn zhū nǎi chá, or zhēn nǎi for short). Pearl milk tea may be used by English speakers and overseas Chinese and Taiwanese speakers, but it is usually called "bubble tea" or "boba tea" by English speakers, with the former seemingly more common in locations with less Chinese influence. In parts of California and other areas with a relatively large Asian population, the drink is often referred to simply as "boba" for short. VariantsEach of the ingredients of bubble tea can have many variations depending on the tea store. Typically, different types of black tea, green tea, and sometimes white tea are used. Another variation called yuenyeung (鴛鴦, named after the Mandarin duck) originated in Hong Kong and consists of black tea, coffee, and milk. Decaffeinated versions of teas are sometimes available when the tea house freshly brews the tea base. Other varieties of the drink can include blended tea drinks. Some may be blended with ice cream. There are also smoothies that contain both tea and fruit. Although bubble tea originated in Taiwan, some bubble tea shops are starting to add in flavors which originate from other countries. For example, hibiscus flowers, saffron, cardamom, and rosewater are becoming popular.[4] Tapioca balls (boba) are the prevailing chewy spheres in bubble tea, but a wide range of other options can be used to add similar texture to the drink. These are usually black due to the brown sugar mixed in with the tapioca. Green pearls have a small hint of green tea flavor and are chewier than the traditional tapioca balls. Jelly comes in different shapes: small cubes, stars, or rectangular strips, and flavors such as coconut jelly, konjac, lychee, grass jelly, mango, coffee and green tea available at some shops. Azuki bean or mung bean paste, typical toppings for Taiwanese shaved ice desserts, give the drinks an added subtle flavor as well as texture. Aloe, egg pudding (custard), and sago can be found in most tea houses. Popping Boba are spheres and have fruit juices or syrups inside of them. They are also popular toppings. The many flavors include mango, lychee, strawberry, green apple, passion fruit, pomegranate, orange, cantaloupe, blueberry, coffee, chocolate, yogurt, kiwi, peach, banana, lime, cherry, pineapple, red guava, etc. Some shops offer milk or cheese foam top off the drink too, which has a thicker consistency similar to that of whipped cream. Bubble tea cafés will frequently offer drinks without coffee or tea in them. The dairy base for these drinks is flavoring blended with ice, often called snow bubble. All mix-ins that can be added to the bubble tea can be added to these slushie-like drinks. One drawback is that the coldness of the iced drink may cause the tapioca balls to harden, making them difficult to suck up through a straw and chew. To prevent this from happening, these slushies must be consumed more quickly than bubble tea. Bubble tea stores often give customers the option of choosing the amount of ice or sugar. Bubble tea is also offered in some restaurants. HistoryThe most widely accepted story{{cn|date=January 2019}} for the origin of bubble tea comes from the Hanlin tearoom in Tainan, Taiwan. In 1986, in the Ya Mu Liao market, teahouse owner Tu Tsong-he got the inspiration when he saw white tapioca balls. He then made tea using the traditional white tapioca balls, which have the appearance of pearls, supposedly resulting in the so-called "pearl tea". Shortly after, Hanlin changed the white tapioca balls to the black version, mixed with brown sugar or honey, that is seen today. At many locations, one can purchase both black tapioca balls and white tapioca balls. An alternative origin story is the Chun Shui Tang tearoom in Taichung, Taiwan. Its founder, Liu Han-Chieh,[1] observed how the Japanese served cold coffee (while on a visit in the 1980s) and applied this method to tea.[2] The new style of serving tea propelled his business, and multiple chains were established. This expansion began the rapid expansion of bubble tea.[2] The creator of bubble tea is Lin Hsiu Hui, the teahouse's product development manager, who randomly poured her fen yuan into the iced tea drink during a boring meeting in 1988.[2] The beverage was well received at the meeting, leading to its inclusion on the menu. It ultimately became the franchise's top-selling product.[2] The drink became popular in most parts of East and Southeast Asia during the 1990s,[4] especially Vietnam.[5] The drink is well received by foreign consumers in North America, specifically around areas with high populations of Chinese and Taiwanese expatriates. In contemporary times, bubble tea has achieved cultural significance outside of Taiwan in some areas for major East Asian diaspora populations.[6] Types
Health concernsIn May 2011, a food scandal broke out in Taiwan where DEHP (a chemical plasticizer and potential carcinogen used to make plastic) was found as a stabilizer in drinks and juice syrups. Some of these products may have been exported and used in bubble tea shops around the world. DEHP can affect hormone balances.[9][10] In June 2011, the Health Minister of Malaysia, Liow Tiong Lai, instructed companies selling "Strawberry Syrup", a material used in some bubble teas, to stop selling them after chemical tests showed they were tainted with DEHP.[11] In August 2012, scientists from the Technical University of Aachen (RWTH) in Germany analyzed bubble tea samples in a research project to look for allergenic substances. The result indicated that the products contain styrene, acetophenone, and brominated substances, which can negatively affect health.[12] The report was published by German newspaper Rheinische Post and caused Taiwan's representative office in Germany to issue a statement, saying food items in Taiwan are monitored.[13] Taiwan's Food and Drug Administration confirmed in September that, in a second round of tests conducted by German authorities, Taiwanese bubble tea was found to be free of cancer-causing chemicals. The products were also found to contain no excessive levels of heavy-metal contaminants or other health-threatening agents.[14] In May 2013, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration issued an alert on the detection of maleic acid, an unapproved food additive, in some food products, including tapioca pearls.[15] The Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore conducted its own tests and found additional brands of tapioca pearls and some other starch-based products sold in Singapore were similarly affected.[16] See also{{portal|Drink}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Martin|first=Laura C.|title=Tea: The drink that changed the world|year=2007|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|location=Rutland|isbn=9780804837248|page=219}} {{Teas}}{{Taiwanese cuisine}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last=Chang|first=Derrick|title=Is this the inventor of bubble tea?|url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/drink/inventor-bubble-tea-885732|publisher=CNN | work = International Edition |date=12 June 2012|accessdate=13 February 2015}} 3. ^{{cite news|date= October 7, 2004| url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2004/10/7/whose-boba-is-best-the-new/ |title=Whose Boba Is Best? |magazine= The Harvard Crimson }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.souschef.co.uk/bureau-of-taste/everything-you-need-to-know-about-bubble-tea/|title=Everything You Need to Know About Bubble Tea -|date=2016-07-27|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-15}} 5. ^https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Vietnam-embraces-Taiwan-style-bubble-tea 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/how-boba-became-an-integral-part-of-asian-american-culture-in-los-angeles-7819797|title=How Boba Became an Integral Part of Asian-American Culture in Los Angeles|first=Clarissa|last=Wei|date=16 January 2017|website=laweekly.com}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yes411.com/chcanada/listing.php?id=163395 |title=Yes411 全球華人首選生活資訊網 - 加拿大黃頁 |publisher=Yes411.com |date=19 November 2010 }} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://crystalpalace.poempalace.org/cn/pearl009.htm |title=珍珠奶茶的製作方法(pearls) |publisher=Crystalpalace.poempalace.org |accessdate=27 July 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web|first=Juan |last=Yi-yu |first2=Wei |last2=Yi-chia |first3=Hung |last3=Su-ching |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2011/05/29/2003504450 |title=FOOD SCARE WIDENS:Tainted additives used for two decades: manufacturer |publisher=Taipei Times |date=29 May 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/ShowNews/WebNews_Detail.aspx?Type=aALL&ID=201105260023 |title=167 food ingredient suppliers affected by toxic contamination: DOH |publisher=Focus Taiwan News Channel |date=26 May 2011}} 11. ^{{cite web |author=Lee Yen Mun |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/6/17/nation/20110617211015&sec=nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619215245/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F6%2F17%2Fnation%2F20110617211015&sec=nation |dead-url=yes |archive-date=19 June 2011 |title=Taiwanese syrup used in bubble tea found to be DEHP contaminated |publisher=The Star |date=17 June 2011 |df= }} 12. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.thelocal.de/sci-tech/20120822-44503.html |title=Bubble tea 'contains all sorts of crap' |date=22 August 2012 |work=The Local |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020004825/http://www.thelocal.de/sci-tech/20120822-44503.html |archivedate=20 October 2012 |df= }} 13. ^{{Cite news |title=Tests rebut claims about carcinogenic German bubble tea |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/09/11/2003542499 |date=11 September 2012 |work=Taipei Times}} 14. ^{{Cite web |title='Reckless' report has hurt Taiwanese bubble tea industry: supplier |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/ShowNews/WebNews_Detail.aspx?Type=aALL&ID=201209280035 |publisher=Central News Agency |date=28 September 2012}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Taiwan recalls food products due to unapproved food additive|url=http://www.ava.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/9253E7B2-E57D-4992-982C-1304E73748D6/26031/foodalert_Taiwanrecallsfoodproductsduetounapproved.pdf|publisher=Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616073046/http://www.ava.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/9253E7B2-E57D-4992-982C-1304E73748D6/26031/foodalert_Taiwanrecallsfoodproductsduetounapproved.pdf|archivedate=2013-06-16|df=}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Recall of starch-based products from Taiwan due to maleic acid|url=http://www.ava.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/9253E7B2-E57D-4992-982C-1304E73748D6/26074/Pressrelease_RecallofstarchbasedproductsfromTaiwan.pdf|publisher=Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore|accessdate=28 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908180643/http://www.ava.gov.sg/NR/rdonlyres/9253E7B2-E57D-4992-982C-1304E73748D6/26074/Pressrelease_RecallofstarchbasedproductsfromTaiwan.pdf|archivedate=8 September 2013|df=}} 4 : Taiwanese inventions|Taiwanese tea|Tea culture|Food and drink introduced in the 1980s |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。