| 词条 | Burnaby | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Burnaby |official_name = City of Burnaby |other_name = |native_name = |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = By River and Sea Rise Burnaby |image_skyline = Burnaby highrises across Deer Lake.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Metrotown area, seen from Burnaby's Deer Lake |image_flag = Flag of Burnaby, BC.svg |flag_size = 110px |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Burnaby BC coat of arms.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = City of Burnaby logo.png |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = GVRD Burnaby.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Canada |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = British Columbia |subdivision_type2 = Regional District |subdivision_name2 = Metro Vancouver |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Mike Hurley |leader_title1 = MP |leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list | title = List of MPs | 1 = Peter Julian (NDP)New Westminster-Burnaby | 2 = Jagmeet Singh(NDP)Burnaby South | 3 = Terry Beech (Liberal)Burnaby North-Seymour }} |leader_title2 = MLA |leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list | title = List of MLAs | 1 = Raj Chouhan (NDP)Burnaby-Edmonds | 2 = Anne Kang (NDP)Burnaby-Deer Lake | 3 = Janet Routledge (NDP)Burnaby North | 4 = Katrina Chen (NDP)Burnaby-Lougheed }} |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Established |established_date = 1892 (municipality status) |established_title2 = – |established_date2 = 1992 (city status) |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 98.60 |area_footnotes = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2016 |population_note = |population_footnotes = [1] |population_total = 232,755 (ranked 22nd) |population_density_km2 = 2568.7 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_mi2 = |timezone = Pacific Standard (PST) |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = Pacific Daylight (PDT) |utc_offset_DST = -7 |coordinates = {{coord|49|16|N|122|58|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = Sea level to 370 |elevation_ft = 0–1214 |postal_code_type = Forward sortation area |postal_code = V3N, V5A - V5J |area_code = 604, 778, 236 |blank_name = Highways {{jct|state=BC|TCH|1}} |blank_info = {{jct|state=BC|BC|7}} {{jct|state=BC|BC|7A}} {{jct|state=BC|BC|1A}} {{jct|state=BC|BC|99A}} |unemployment_rate = |website = www.burnaby.ca |footnotes = }} Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, located immediately to the east of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by nearby Surrey and Vancouver. Burnaby was incorporated in 1892 and achieved City status in 1992, one hundred years after incorporation. It is the seat of Metro Vancouver's regional government. HistoryAt incorporation, the municipality's citizens unanimously chose to name it after the legislator, speaker, Freemason and explorer Robert Burnaby, who had been private secretary to Colonel Richard Moody, the first land commissioner for the Colony of British Columbia, in the mid-19th century.[2] In 1859 Burnaby had surveyed the freshwater lake near what is now the city's geographical centre. Moody chose to name it Burnaby Lake. In the first 30 to 40 years after its incorporation, the growth of Burnaby was influenced by its location between the expanding urban centres of Vancouver and New Westminster. It first served as a rural agricultural area supplying nearby markets. Later, it served as an important transportation corridor between Vancouver, the Fraser Valley and the Interior, and continues to do so. As Vancouver expanded and became a metropolis, Burnaby was one of the first-tier bedroom-community suburbs of Vancouver itself, along with the city and district of North Vancouver, and Richmond. During the suburbanization of Burnaby, "Mid-Century Vernacular" homes were built by the hundreds to cope with population increase, and these houses are still very common in the city. Burnaby has shifted in character over time from rural to suburban to urban. Geography and land useBurnaby occupies 98.60 square kilometres (38.07 sq mi) and is located at the geographical centre of the Metro Vancouver area. Situated between the city of Vancouver on the west and Port Moody, Coquitlam, and New Westminster on the east, Burnaby is further bounded by Burrard Inlet and the Fraser River on the north and south respectively. Burnaby, Vancouver and New Westminster collectively occupy the major portion of the Burrard Peninsula. The elevation of Burnaby ranges from sea level to a maximum of 370 metres (1,200 ft) atop Burnaby Mountain. Due to its elevation, the city of Burnaby experiences quite a bit more snowfall during the winter months than nearby Vancouver or Richmond. Overall, the physical landscape of Burnaby is one of hills, ridges, valleys and an alluvial plain. The land features and their relative locations have had an influence on the location, type and form of development in the city. Burnaby is home to many industrial and commercial firms. British Columbia's largest (and Canada's second largest) commercial mall, the Metropolis at Metrotown, is located in Burnaby. Still, Burnaby's ratio of park land to residents is one of the highest in North America, and it maintains some agricultural land, particularly along the Fraser foreshore flats in the Big Bend neighbourhood along its southern perimeter. Burnaby parks, rivers, and lakesMajor parklands and waterways in Burnaby include Central Park, Robert Burnaby Park, Kensington Park, Burnaby Mountain, Still Creek, the Brunette River, Burnaby Lake, Deer Lake, and Squint Lake. ClimateGiven that the Simon Fraser University weather station is located 365 meters above sea level on Burnaby Mountain, the climate shown is significantly cooler and wetter as compared to the rest of the city. {{Weather box|location = Burnaby (Simon Fraser University) 1981−2010 at 365 metres |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 16.5 |Feb record high C = 18.5 |Mar record high C = 23.0 |Apr record high C = 28.0 |May record high C = 33.0 |Jun record high C = 31.1 |Jul record high C = 34.0 |Aug record high C = 33.9 |Sep record high C = 34.5 |Oct record high C = 26.5 |Nov record high C = 19.4 |Dec record high C = 16.1 |year record high C = 34.5 |Jan high C = 5.8 |Feb high C = 6.8 |Mar high C = 9.3 |Apr high C = 12.4 |May high C = 15.6 |Jun high C = 18.2 |Jul high C = 21.2 |Aug high C = 21.2 |Sep high C = 18.0 |Oct high C = 12.0 |Nov high C = 7.5 |Dec high C = 5.1 |year high C = 12.7 |Jan mean C = 3.6 |Feb mean C = 4.3 |Mar mean C = 6.2 |Apr mean C = 8.7 |May mean C = 11.8 |Jun mean C = 14.4 |Jul mean C = 17.0 |Aug mean C = 17.2 |Sep mean C = 14.6 |Oct mean C = 9.5 |Nov mean C = 5.3 |Dec mean C = 2.9 |year mean C = 9.6 |Jan low C = 1.4 |Feb low C = 1.7 |Mar low C = 3.1 |Apr low C = 4.9 |May low C = 7.9 |Jun low C = 10.5 |Jul low C = 12.7 |Aug low C = 13.2 |Sep low C = 11.1 |Oct low C = 7.0 |Nov low C = 3.0 |Dec low C = 0.8 |year low C = 6.5 |Jan record low C = −13.9 |Feb record low C = −14.0 |Mar record low C = −8.0 |Apr record low C = −3.3 |May record low C = -0.5 |Jun record low C = 3.9 |Jul record low C = 5.0 |Aug record low C = 3.3 |Sep record low C = 2.0 |Oct record low C = −7.0 |Nov record low C = −14.0 |Dec record low C = −19.4 |year record low C = −19.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 280.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 178.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 182.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 154.4 |May precipitation mm = 120.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 101.4 |Jul precipitation mm = 64.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 64.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 92.2 |Oct precipitation mm = 210.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 311.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 249.8 |year precipitation mm = 2009.9 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 256.5 |Feb rain mm = 163.2 |Mar rain mm = 171.2 |Apr rain mm = 152.7 |May rain mm = 119.9 |Jun rain mm = 101.4 |Jul rain mm = 64.7 |Aug rain mm = 64.5 |Sep rain mm = 92.2 |Oct rain mm = 209.8 |Nov rain mm = 303.6 |Dec rain mm = 220.8 |year rain mm = 1920.7 |snow colour = green |Jan snow cm = 24.3 |Feb snow cm = 15.1 |Mar snow cm = 10.9 |Apr snow cm = 1.7 |May snow cm = 0.1 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 0.2 |Nov snow cm = 8.0 |Dec snow cm = 29.0 |year snow cm = 89.3 |unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days = 20.5 |Feb precipitation days = 16.2 |Mar precipitation days = 18.9 |Apr precipitation days = 16.1 |May precipitation days = 14.9 |Jun precipitation days = 13.5 |Jul precipitation days = 7.4 |Aug precipitation days = 6.8 |Sep precipitation days = 10.3 |Oct precipitation days = 17.1 |Nov precipitation days = 21.6 |Dec precipitation days = 19.8 |year precipitation days = 183.1 |unit rain days = 0.2 mm |Jan rain days = 18.1 |Feb rain days = 14.7 |Mar rain days = 18.3 |Apr rain days = 16.0 |May rain days = 14.9 |Jun rain days = 13.5 |Jul rain days = 7.4 |Aug rain days = 6.8 |Sep rain days = 10.3 |Oct rain days = 17.0 |Nov rain days = 21.0 |Dec rain days = 17.3 |year rain days = 175.4 |unit snow days = 0.2 cm |Jan snow days = 4.0 |Feb snow days = 2.5 |Mar snow days = 2.0 |Apr snow days = 0.54 |May snow days = 0.04 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.09 |Nov snow days = 1.8 |Dec snow days = 4.5 |year snow days = 15.5 |source 1 = Environment Canada[3] |date=April 2012 }} TransportationThe SkyTrain rapid transit system, based in Burnaby, crosses the city from east to west in two places: the Expo Line (completed in 1986) crosses the south along Kingsway and the Millennium Line (completed in 2002) follows Lougheed Highway. The SkyTrain has encouraged closer connections to New Westminster, Vancouver, and Surrey, as well as dense urban development at Lougheed Town Centre on the city's eastern border, at Brentwood Town Centre in the centre-west and, most notably, at Metrotown in the south. Major north-south streets crossing the City include Boundary Road, Willingdon Avenue, Royal Oak Avenue, Kensington Avenue, Sperling Avenue, Gaglardi Way, Cariboo Road, and North Road. East-west routes linking Burnaby's neighbouring cities to each other include Hastings Street, Barnet Highway, the Lougheed Highway, Kingsway (which follows the old horse trail between Vancouver and New Westminster), Canada Way and Marine Drive/Marine Way. Douglas Road, which used to cross the city from northwest to southeast, has largely been absorbed by the Trans-Canada Highway and Canada Way. Since the 1990s, Burnaby has developed a network of cycling trails. It is also well served by Metro Vancouver's bus system, run by the Coast Mountain Bus Company, a division of TransLink. Demographics{{Update|section|date=July 2018}}According to the 2011 Census, Statistics Canada reported that Burnaby had a population of 223,218 who resided in 86,839 of its 91,383 total dwellings, a 10.1% change from the 2006 census.[4] With a land area of {{convert|90.61|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|223218|90.61|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2011. The median age is 39.8 years old, slightly younger than the British Columbia median of 41.9 years old.[5]
ReligionBurnaby's religious profile:[8]
| title = Historical populations | type = Canada |align = centre | width = | state = | shading = | percentages = | footnote = |2001|193954 |2006|202799 |2011|223218 |2016|232755 }} People and politicsWhile Burnaby occupies about 4% of the land area of the Greater Vancouver Regional District, it accounted for about 10% of the region's population in 2001. It is the third most populated urban centre in British Columbia (after Vancouver and Surrey) with an estimated population of 205,261. Like much of Greater Vancouver, Burnaby has always had large ethnic and immigrant communities: to cite two examples, North Burnaby near Hastings Street has long been home to many Italian restaurants and recreational bocce games, while Metrotown's ever-sprouting condominium towers in the south have been fuelled in part by more recent arrivals from China (Hong Kong and Macau), Taiwan, and South Korea. According to the 2006 Census, 54% of Burnaby residents have a mother tongue that is neither English nor French. Politically, Burnaby has maintained a left-wing city council closely affiliated with the provincial NDP and school board for many years, while sometimes electing more conservative legislators provincially (for the Social Credit and BC Liberal parties) and federally (for the Reform, Alliance, and Conservative parties). Its longest-serving politician had been Svend Robinson of the New Democratic Party (NDP), Canada's first openly gay member of Parliament, but after 25 years and seven elections he resigned his post in early 2004 after stealing and then returning an expensive ring. Burnaby voters endorsed his assistant, Bill Siksay, as his replacement in the spring 2004 Canadian federal election. In the May 2013 provincial election, residents of the city sent 3 NDP MLAs and one Liberal MLA to the British Columbia legislature. The NDP MLA for Burnaby-Lougheed, Jane Shin, faced controversy after the election for misrepresenting herself as a physician while not having completed a medical residency nor holding a licence to practise medicine.[9] According to a 2009 survey by Maclean's magazine, Burnaby is Canada's best run city. The survey looks at a city's efficiency, the cost of producing results, and the effectiveness of its city services.[10] However, Maclean's does note that Burnaby has one of the worst municipal voter turnouts in the country, 26 per cent. In 2015, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) included Burnaby as a Vancouver periphery to rank eighth for entrepreneurial communities.[11] Industry and economy{{See also|List of companies in Burnaby}}Major technology firms such as Electronic Arts, Creo (now part of Eastman Kodak), Ballard Power Systems and Telus base their operations in Burnaby; heavy industry includes Chevron Corporation and Petro-Canada petroleum refineries on the shores of Burrard Inlet. Other companies such as eBay (ceased operation in 2009),[12] Future Shop, Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, Pacific Blue Cross and Nokia have significant facilities in Burnaby as well. Other firms with operations based in Burnaby include Canada Wide Media, Doteasy, Telus, Teradici, AFCC, Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell, HSBC Group Systems Development Center, and TransLink. The city features high density residential areas, major commercial town centres, rapid transit, high technology research and business parks, film production studios such as The Bridge Studios, TV stations such as Global TV and comprehensive industrial estates. SportsBurnaby has a velodrome, the Burnaby Velodrome. The city's main stadium, Swangard Stadium, is located in Central Park. EducationSchool District 41 is responsible for the public schools in Burnaby. It also has a Community and Adult Education Department, and also an International Students' Programme. Major post-secondary institutions include the main campuses of Simon Fraser University (atop Burnaby Mountain) and the British Columbia Institute of Technology. {{Burnaby Schools}}CultureBurnaby South Secondary School features the Michael J. Fox Theatre, a community theatre that seats 613 with 11 wheelchair spaces. Many cultural facilities are located in or around Deer Lake Park, including the Burnaby Art Gallery, Shadbolt Centre for the Arts, and the Burnaby Village Museum, an open-air museum of a 1920s Canadian village. Notable people
Sister citiesBurnaby has four sister cities[13] (or "twin towns"):
Surrounding municipalities{{Canadian City Geographic Location (8-way)| Northwest = City of North Vancouver | | North = District of North Vancouver | | Northeast = Belcarra, Anmore | | West = Vancouver | | Centre = Burnaby | | East = Port Moody Coquitlam | | Southwest = Richmond | | South = Richmond, New Westminster | | Southeast = New Westminster | }} See also{{Portal|British Columbia}}
References1. ^Census Profile, 2016 Census - Burnaby, City {{refbegin}}2. ^{{Cite bcgnis|id=2210 |title=Burnaby (city)}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=731&lang=e&province=BC&provSubmit=go&page=26&dCode=0| title = Burnaby, British Columbia| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010| accessdate = 17 February 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=9999&CMA=0&PR=59| title=Burnaby Population and Dwelling Count, 2011 Census| publisher=Statistics Canada| date=11 September 2013| access-date=25 August 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=Eng&GK=CSD&GC=5915025 |title=Burnaby Focus on Geography and Population, 2011 Census| publisher=Statistics Canada |date=24 October 2012 |access-date=25 August 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Burnaby, City, British Columbia |date= 25 January 2018 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=25 January 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Data=Count&SearchText=burnaby&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Aboriginal%20peoples&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Burnaby Aboriginal Peoples, 2011 Census|publisher=Statistics Canada |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=25 August 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915025&Data=Count&SearchText=burnaby&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Religion&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Burnaby Religions, 2011 Census |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=25 August 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=Moreau|first1=Jennifer|title = Newsmaker of the year: Jane Shin|url=http://www.burnabynow.com/news/newsmaker-of-the-year-jane-shin-1.771814|website=Burnaby Now|publisher=Glacier Media|accessdate=24 February 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web| last = MacQueen| first = Ken| title = The best-run city in Canada: Lean, debt-free, and offering great public services, Burnaby is a model for the country | url = http://www2.macleans.ca/2009/07/22/the-best-run-city-in-canada/| accessdate = 2009-08-04}} 11. ^{{cite web| author=Ted Mallett, Vice-President & Chief Economist, Simon Gaudreault, Senior Economist, Andreea Bourgeois, Senior Analyst | title = Entrepreneurial Communities, Canada’s top places to start and grow businesses in 2015 | url = http://www.cfib-fcei.ca/cfib-documents/rr3370.pdf}} 12. ^{{cite web|last=Penner |first=Derrick |url=https://vancouversun.com/eBay+close+Burnaby+facility+about+jobs+lost/1566447/story.html |title=eBay to close Burnaby facility; about 700 jobs lost |publisher=Vancouversun.com |date=5 May 2009 |accessdate=2010-07-27}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.burnaby.ca/About-Burnaby/Sister---Friendship-Cities.html|title=Sister & Friendship Cities|author=|date=|website=www.burnaby.ca}}
External links{{commons category|Burnaby, British Columbia|Burnaby}}
2 : Burnaby|Populated places in Greater Vancouver |
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