| 词条 | Ciona |
| 释义 |
| name = Ciona |image=Cionaintestinalis.jpg |image_caption=Ciona intestinalis | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | subphylum = Tunicata | classis = Ascidiacea | ordo = Enterogona | subordo = Phlebobranchia | familia = Cionidae | genus = Ciona | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =Ciona edwardsi Ciona fascicularis Ciona gelatinosa Ciona imperfecta Ciona intestinalis Ciona mollis Ciona savignyi }} Ciona is a genus of sea squirts in the family Cionidae. The body of Ciona is bag-like and covered by a tunic, which is a secretion of the epidermal cells. The body is attached at a permanent base located at the posterior part, and the opposite bears two openings, the buccal (oral) and atrial (cloacal) siphons. The water is drawn into the ascidian through the buccal siphon and leaves the atrium through the atrial siphon. SpeciesSpecies in this genus include:[1]
Genome projectsAs of 2008, the genomes of Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi have been sequenced. Sexual reproductionC. intestinalis is a hermaphrodite that releases sperm and eggs almost simultaneously into the surrounding seawater. C. intestinalis is self-sterile and thus has been used for studies on the mechanism of self-incompatibility.[2] C. savigny is highly self-fertile, but non-self sperm out-compete self-sperm in fertilization competition assays.[3] Mechanisms promoting non-self fertilization may have evolved to avoid inbreeding depression,[3] and to facilitate outcrossing which allows the masking of deleterious recessive mutations.[4]References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103488|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ciona Fleming, 1822|website=www.marinespecies.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-30}} 2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Sawada H, Morita M, Iwano M |title=Self/non-self recognition mechanisms in sexual reproduction: new insight into the self-incompatibility system shared by flowering plants and hermaphroditic animals |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=450 |issue=3 |pages=1142–8 |date=August 2014 |pmid=24878524 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.099 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006-291X(14)00980-2}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang D, Smith WC |title=Self- and cross-fertilization in the solitary ascidian Ciona savignyi |journal=Biol. Bull. |volume=209 |issue=2 |pages=107–12 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16260770 |doi= 10.2307/3593128|url=http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16260770|jstor=3593128 }} 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE |title=Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex |journal=Science |volume=229 |issue=4719 |pages=1277–81 |date=September 1985 |pmid=3898363 |doi= 10.1126/science.3898363|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3898363}} External links
2 : Enterogona|Tunicate genera |
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