| 词条 | Campus Watch |
| 释义 |
|name = Campus Watch |logo = |motto = |type = |founded = 2002 by Daniel Pipes |location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |key_people = Winfield Myers, Director |homepage = Campus-Watch.org }}Campus Watch is a web-based project of the Middle East Forum, a think tank with its headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to its website, Campus Watch "reviews and critiques Middle East studies in North America with an aim to improving them."[1] Critics of Campus Watch say that it is a pro-Israel lobbyist organization involved in harassing, blacklisting, or intimidating scholars critical of Israel.[2][3][4] Campus Watch was launched in 2002 by Middle East Forum director Daniel Pipes. It is headed by Winfield Myers.[5] DossiersCampus Watch encourages students to submit reports about college professors.[2] In 2002, Campus Watch created a controversy when it compiled these reports into 'dossiers' critical of various professors at institutes of higher learning in the United States, in which it detailed their supposedly "anti-Israeli statements".[6] In response to the posting of the dossiers on its website, many individuals sent harassing emails and phone calls to the profiled professors, and the website was widely condemned in the media for supposedly engaging in "McCarthyesque" intimidation.[7][8][9] The Campus Watch project was derided as a "War on Academic Freedom";[3] in protest, more than 100 academics asked to be listed along with those accused by Campus Watch.[7][10] The response of Judith Butler, a comparative literature professor at Berkeley, was circulated on the Internet: I have recently learned that your organization is compiling dossiers on professors at U.S. academic institutions who oppose the Israeli occupation and its brutality, actively support Palestinian rights of self-determination as well as a more informed and intelligent view of Islam than is currently represented in the U.S. media. I would be enormously honored to be counted among those who actively hold these positions and would like to be included in the list of those who are struggling for justice.[9]Rashid Khalidi, a professor at Columbia University who was the subject of a critical dossier on the website, suggested that the Campus Watch campaign was an attempt to silence legitimate criticism, "by tarring it with the brush of anti-Semitism and anti-Americanism, truly loathsome charges."[11] Khalidi taped an anonymous phone call he received, subsequent to the Campus Watch dossier publication, that says: "Khalidi, Columbia alumni love Campus Watch because they keep an eye on thugs like you. We have our eye on you. You'd better watch out."[12] After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website.[13] It continues to collect information from students,[2] though it no longer publishes such dossiers.[14] According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: "The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead."[15] CriticismAn article in The Nation suggests that Daniel Pipes is "an anti-Arab propagandist", and his Campus Watch project aims to "smear" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy.[3] Campus Watch's project was identified, in The Nation and elsewhere,[16] as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project: In 1979 the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) formed its Political Leadership Development Program, which "educates and trains young leaders in pro-Israel political advocacy," enlisting hundreds of college students to collect information on pro-Palestinian professors and student organizations. By 1983 the program had attracted more than 5,000 students on 350 campuses in all fifty states. The next year the findings were published as The AIPAC College Guide: Exposing the Anti-Israel Campaign on Campus, which surveyed 100 campuses and instructed students on how best to counter a "steady diet of anti-Israel vituperation." Around the same time, the Anti-Defamation League covertly distributed a twenty-one-page booklet containing "background information on pro-Arab sympathizers active on college campuses" who "use their anti-Zionism as merely a guise for their deeply felt anti-Semitism."Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being "beholden to Israeli right wing politics."[17] According to Beinin, "After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him", in the form of the Campus Watch website.[17] Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was "offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach".[18] while simultaneously attacking Beinin "of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements"[18] and the fact that "Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D.."[18] Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch "makes comments" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars.[19] In their paper "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy", John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt wrote that The Lobby also monitors what professors write and teach. In September 2002, for example, Martin Kramer and Daniel Pipes, two passionately pro-Israel neoconservatives, established a website (Campus Watch) that posted dossiers on suspect academics and encouraged students to report remarks or behavior that might be considered hostile to Israel. This transparent attempt to blacklist and intimidate scholars prompted a harsh reaction, and Pipes and Kramer later removed the dossiers, but the website still invites students to report "anti-Israel" activity.[20] Pipes responded to part of the Mearsheimer and Walt allegations, writing This account is inaccurate in several ways (e.g. Martin Kramer had no role in founding Campus Watch), but I write specifically to state that no 'Lobby' told me to start Campus Watch. Neither the Middle East Forum nor myself has ever taken orders from some mythical 'Lobby', and specifically I decided to establish Campus Watch on my own, without direction from any outside source. I challenge Mearsheimer and Walt to provide their information that connects this 'Lobby' to my decision to establish Campus Watch.[21] Later he wrote that "Mearsheimer and Walt unconditionally concede they have no information about the alleged “lobby” giving me orders concerning Campus Watch, confirming the falsehood of their initial claim"[21] and furthermore added Campus Watch is to Middle East studies as political analysis to politics, film criticism to movies, and consumer reports to manufacturing; we provide assessments for the public. Unlike politicians, actors, and business executives, who accept criticism with good grace, academics howl with umbrage at being judged.[21] ResponseAccording to Campus Watch, it "critiques Middle East studies in North America regardless of whether they address Israel."[14] In response to what it refers to as "a campaign of vilification and distortion" by critics, Campus Watch states:
References1. ^1 About Campus Watch, Campus Watch website. Accessed 2010-12-20. 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/19145 |title=Campus Watch |publisher=New York Review of Books |date=July 13, 2006}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20021125/mcneil/2 |title=The War on Academic Freedom |first=Kristine |last=McNeil |publisher=The Nation |date=November 11, 2002}} 4. ^John J. Mearsheimer, Stephen M. Walt. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy, 2007, page 179 5. ^{{cite news |last=Pipes |first=Daniel |authorlink=Daniel Pipes |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1189411441668&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |title=Five Years of Campus Watch |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |date=September 19, 2007 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^Langeland, Terje, "A Spy in the Ivory Tower," Colorado Springs Independent, Oct. 3, 2002, reprinted on alternet.org. Accessed Dec. 20, 2010. 7. ^1 {{cite news |first=Tanya |last=Schevitz |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/09/28/MN227890.DTL |title=Professors Want Own Names Put on Mideast Blacklist |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=September 8, 2002}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Strindberg |first=Anders |title=The New Commissars: Congress threatens to cut off funding to collegiate Mideast Studies departments that refuse to toe the neocon line|url=http://www.amconmag.com/2004_02_02/article.html |publisher=The American Conservative |date=February 2, 2004 |accessdate=2008-03-09}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |first=Tamar |last=Lewin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/27/us/web-site-fuels-debate-on-campus-anti-semitism.html |title=Web Site Fuels Debate on Campus Anti-Semitism |publisher=The New York Times |date=September 27, 2002}} 10. ^{{cite journal | author = Beinin, J. | year = 2003 | title = The Israelization of American Middle East Policy Discourse | journal = Social Text | volume = 21 | issue = 2\\_ 75 | pages = 125–140 | url = http://socialtext.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/2_75/125.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2008-04-02 | doi = 10.1215/01642472-21-2_75-125}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.adc.org/index.php?id=1142 |title=ADC Denounces New Efforts to Chill Academic Freedom |work=Press Release |publisher=American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee |date=September 26, 2002 |accessdate=2008-03-09}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=193711§ioncode=26 |title=We have our eye on you...so watch out |first=Michael |last=North |date=28 January 2005 |publisher=Times Higher Education}} 13. ^{{cite news |first=Tanya |last=Schevitz |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/10/03/MN54056.DTL |title='Dossiers' Dropped from Web Blacklist |publisher=San Francisco Chronicle |date=October 3, 2002 |accessdate=2008-03-09}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |title=Setting The Record Straight: Response to Hassan Nafaa |url=http://www.campus-watch.org/correction/27 |first=Winfield |last=Myers |authorlink=Winfield Myers}} 15. ^"Pro-Israel Web Site Removes 'Dossiers' It Was Keeping on Professors". Chronicle of Higher Education October 1, 2002 16. ^Stephen M. E. Marmura. Hegemony in the digital age: the Arab/Israeli conflict online. Lexington Books, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-7391-1772-9}}. Page 33 17. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://hnn.us/articles/1001.html |title=Who's Watching the Watchers? |first=Joel |last=Beinin |authorlink=Joel Beinin |publisher=History News Network |date=September 30, 2002}} 18. ^1 2 Pipes, Daniel, "Department of Corrections (of Others' Factual Mistakes about Me): Joel Beinin lies about me," danielpipes.org, October 1, 2004. Accessed December 20, 2010. 19. ^ Salaita, Steven, "Curricular Activism and Academic Freedom," Arab Studies Quarterly, 2008, reprinted in britannica.com.] Accessed Dec. 20, 2010. 20. ^{{cite journal |author=Mearsheimer, John J. |authorlink=John Mearsheimer |author2=Walt, Stephen M. |authorlink2=Stephen Walt |title=The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy |url=http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/Research/wpaper.nsf/rwp/RWP06-011/$File/rwp_06_011_walt.pdf |format=PDF |date=March 13, 2006 |accessdate=2008-03-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308211346/http://ksgnotes1.harvard.edu/Research/wpaper.nsf/rwp/RWP06-011/%24File/rwp_06_011_walt.pdf |archivedate=March 8, 2008 |df= }} See also The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy. 21. ^1 2 {{cite web |first=Daniel |last=Pipes |authorlink=Daniel Pipes |url=http://www.danielpipes.org/3581/is-campus-watch-part-of-a-conspiracy-on-mearsheimer-walt |title=Is Campus Watch Part of a Conspiracy? (On Mearsheimer-Walt and The "Israeli Lobby") |date=May 12, 2006}}Originally published in FrontPage Magazine. External links
5 : Campus Watch|Islam and politics|Middle Eastern studies in the United States|Organizations established in 2002|2002 establishments in Pennsylvania |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。