| 词条 | 300 win club | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
In Major League Baseball, the 300 win club is the group of pitchers who have won 300 or more games. Twenty-four pitchers have reached this milestone. The New York Gothams/Giants/San Francisco Giants are the only franchise to see three players reach the milestone while on their roster: those players are Mickey Welch, Christy Mathewson, and Randy Johnson. Early in the history of professional baseball, many of the rules favored the pitcher over the batter; the distance pitchers threw to home plate was shorter than today, and pitchers were able to use foreign substances to alter the direction of the ball.[1] The first player to win 300 games was Pud Galvin in 1888. Seven pitchers recorded all or the majority of their career wins in the 19th century: Galvin, Cy Young, Kid Nichols, Tim Keefe, John Clarkson, Charley Radbourn, and Mickey Welch.[1] Four more pitchers joined the club in the first quarter of the 20th century: Christy Mathewson, Walter Johnson, Eddie Plank, and Grover Cleveland Alexander.[1] Young is the all-time leader in wins with 511, a mark that is considered unbreakable.[2] If a modern-day pitcher won 20 games per season for 25 seasons, he would still be 11 games short of Young's mark. Only three pitchers, Lefty Grove, Warren Spahn, and Early Wynn, joined the 300 win club between 1924 and 1982, which may be explained by a number of factors: the abolition of the spitball,[3]{{refn|Though it is illegal to doctor the baseball, Don Sutton and Gaylord Perry, members of the 300 win club and Hall of Fame, were widely suspected of this behavior.[4]|group=lower-alpha}} World War II military service, such as Bob Feller's,[5] and the growing importance of the home run in the game.[3] As the home run became commonplace, the physical and mental demands on pitchers dramatically increased, which led to the use of a four-man starting rotation.[3][1] Between 1982 and 1990, the 300 win club gained six members: Gaylord Perry, Phil Niekro, Steve Carlton, Nolan Ryan, Don Sutton and Tom Seaver.[1] These pitchers benefited from the increased use of specialized relief pitchers, an expanded strike zone, and new stadiums, including Shea Stadium, Dodger Stadium and the Astrodome, that were pitcher's parks, which suppressed offensive production.[1] Also, the increasing sophistication of training methods and sports medicine, such as Tommy John surgery, allowed players to maintain a high competitive level for a longer time.[6] Randy Johnson, for example, won more games in his 40s than he did in his 20s.[7] Since 1990, only four pitchers have joined the 300 win club: Roger Clemens, Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and Johnson. Changes in the game in the last decade of the 20th century have made attaining 300 career wins difficult, perhaps more so than during the mid 20th century.[8] The four-man starting rotation has given way to a five-man rotation, which gives starting pitchers fewer chances to pick up wins.[1] No pitcher reached 20 wins in a non strike-shortened year for the first time in 2006; this was repeated in 2009 and 2017.[9] Recording 300 career wins has been seen as a guaranteed admission to the Baseball Hall of Fame.[10][11][12] All pitchers with 300 wins have been elected to the Hall of Fame[21] except for Clemens, who received only half of the vote total needed for induction in his first appearance on the Hall of Fame ballot in {{bhofy|2013}}[13] and lost votes from that total in {{bhofy|2014}}.[14] Clemens' future election is seen as uncertain because of his alleged links to use of performance-enhancing drugs.[15] To be eligible for the Hall of Fame, a player must have "been retired five seasons" or deceased for at least six months,[16] Many observers expect the club to gain few, if any, members in the foreseeable future.[17][18][19] Ten members of the 300 win club are also members of the 3,000 strikeout club.[20] Members
See also{{Portal|Baseball}}
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/26/sports/baseball-300-victory-club-becomes-tougher-to-join.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Baseball; 300-Victory Club Becomes Tougher to Join|first=Allen|last=Barra|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 26, 2003|accessdate=May 9, 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Not all records are made to be broken|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/44681509/ns/sports-baseball/page/2/|date=September 27, 2011|accessdate=September 20, 2012|first=Bob|last=Harkins|publisher=NBC Sports.com}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://articles.courant.com/2003-06-16/sports/0306160712_1_babe-ruth-21st-century-iron-men|title=Breaking Down The 300 Club|newspaper=Hartford Courant|date=June 16, 2003|first=Don|last=Amore|accessdate=August 3, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6R5OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7278,5304807|title=John, Perry, Sutton spitball suspected|agency=The New York Times News Service|first=Murray|last=Chass|authorlink=Murray Chass|newspaper=Star-News|date=June 26, 1979|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/inside_game/tom_verducci/news/2001/07/18/verducci_insider/|title=Maddux's march toward history|first=Tom|last=Verducci|authorlink=Tom Verducci|work=Sports Illustrated|date=July 18, 2001|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news|last=Remington|first=Alex|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/blog/big_league_stew/post/Presenting-the-Tommy-John-All-Stars;_ylt=As1Qgy_HSiCj6V7H0sX.9PwRvLYF?urn=mlb,232915|title=Presenting the Tommy John All-Stars|work=Yahoo! Sports|publisher=Yahoo!|date=April 9, 2010|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 7. ^McCauley, Janie. [https://sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news;_ylt=Ao8H3rY_Z1wtVoqWRqCO3l0RvLYF?slug=ap-johnson-chasing300&prov=ap&type=lgns "Big Unit Approaches Big Number: Next Up, No. 300"]. Yahoo! Sports. June 1, 2009. 8. ^{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Tom|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090602&content_id=5104542&vkey=news_sf&fext=.jsp&c_id=sf|title=Johnson could close out the 300 club|work=MLB.com|date=June 5, 2009|accessdate=September 8, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Mark|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20091003&content_id=7297180&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb|title=MLB denied 20-game winner in '09|work=MLB.com|date=October 3, 2009|accessdate=August 3, 2012}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=acwd6Kb2NIgk&refer=us|title=Mets' Glavine Nears 300 Wins, With Only Johnson, Mussina Close|first=Danielle|last=Sessa|publisher=Bloomberg|date=March 30, 2007|accessdate=June 27, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925165825/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=acwd6Kb2NIgk&refer=us|archivedate=September 25, 2013|df=}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P81jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cAENAAAAIBAJ&pg=5771,1534538&dq=fastest+to+300+wins+baseball&hl=en|title=Yankees, Henderson continuing talks|agency=United Press International|page=9|newspaper=Record-Journal|date=December 8, 1984|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/25146910.html?dids=25146910:25146910&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+02%2C+1998&author=Tom+Weir&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=3%2C000+hits%2C+500+HRs%2C+300+wins+just+about+guarantee+Hall+entry&pqatl=google|title=3,000 hits, 500 HRs, 300 wins just about guarantee Hall entry|first=Tom|last=Weir|page=14.C|newspaper=USA Today|date=January 2, 1998|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} {{subscription required|date=June 2012}} 13. ^{{cite press release|url=http://baseballhall.org/news/press-releases/2013-hall-fame-vote-shutout |title=2013 Hall of Fame Vote a Shutout |publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum |date=January 9, 2013 |accessdate=January 9, 2013}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/10261922/baseball-hall-fame-class-2014-announced |title=Maddux, Glavine, Thomas to HOF |publisher=ESPN.com |date=January 8, 2014 |accessdate=January 11, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/mlb/hof12/story/_/id/7439370/2013-hall-fame-ballot-all-performance-enhancing-drugs |title=Whopper of a list of names await in 2013 |first=Tim |last=Kurkjian|work=ESPN.com|date=January 9, 2012 |accessdate=May 11, 2012 |quote=But Clemens is, after [Barry] Bonds, the next face of the steroid era. He has been charged with lying before Congress about his use of performance-enhancing drugs. He has no chance to make it to Cooperstown next year, or for many, many years to come.}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/bbwaa|title=Rules for Election|publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame|accessdate=June 21, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100530074537/http://baseballhall.org/hall-famers/rules-election/bbwaa| archivedate= 30 May 2010 | deadurl= no}} 17. ^1 {{cite news|last=Kurkjian|first=Tim|authorlink=Tim Kurkjian|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist=kurkjian_tim&id=2956095|title=Glavine Could be Last to Reach 300 for Years|work=ESPN The Magazine|date=August 5, 2007|accessdate=April 16, 2012}} 18. ^{{cite news|last=Bierman|first=Fred|url=http://bats.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/09/johnson-is-next-and-possibly-last-in-line-to-win-300/?scp=8&sq=300%20wins&st=cse|title=Johnson Is Next, and Possibly Last, in Line to Win 300|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 9, 2009|accessdate=April 16, 2012}} 19. ^{{cite news|last=Bishop|first=Greg|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/sports/baseball/03johnson.html?scp=5&sq=Randy%20Johnson&st=cse|title=Johnson Quietly Nears a Defining Moment|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 2, 2009|accessdate=April 16, 2012}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/SO_p_career.shtml|title=Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=June 27, 2012}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://research.sabr.org/journals/nichols-youngest-to-win-300|title=Nichols Youngest to Win 300: "Kid" in More Ways than Won|first=John J.|last=O'Malley|publisher=Society for American Baseball Research|accessdate=September 20, 2012}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/y/youngcy01.shtml |title=Cy Young Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/johnswa01.shtml |title=Walter Johnson Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/a/alexape01.shtml |title=Pete Alexander Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100906161147/http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/a/alexape01.shtml| archivedate=September 6, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/mathech01.shtml |title=Christy Mathewson Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/galvipu01.shtml |title=Pud Galvin Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/spahnwa01.shtml |title=Warren Spahn Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/n/nichoki01.shtml |title=Kid Nichols Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/maddugr01.shtml |title=Greg Maddux Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/clemero02.shtml |title=Roger Clemens Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/k/keefeti01.shtml |title=Tim Keefe Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/carltst01.shtml |title=Steve Carlton Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/clarkjo01.shtml |title=John Clarkson Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/p/planked01.shtml |title=Eddie Plank Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/ryanno01.shtml |title=Nolan Ryan Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/suttodo01.shtml |title=Don Sutton Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/n/niekrph01.shtml |title=Phil Niekro Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/p/perryga01.shtml |title=Gaylord Perry Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/seaveto01.shtml |title=Tom Seaver Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/radboch01.shtml |title=Old Hoss Radbourn Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/welchmi01.shtml |title=Mickey Welch Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/glavito02.shtml |title=Tom Glavine Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/j/johnsra05.shtml |title=Randy Johnson Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/wynnea01.shtml |title=Early Wynn Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/grovele01.shtml |title=Lefty Grove Statistics and History |work=Baseball-Reference.com|date= |accessdate=August 7, 2010}} ReferencesGeneral{{refbegin}}
2 : Major League Baseball lists|Major League Baseball statistics |
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