| 词条 | Caraș-Severin County | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Caraș-Severin County | native_name = Județul Caraș-Severin | settlement_type = County | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_link = | image_shield = Actual Caras-Severin county CoA.png | shield_link = | image_map = Caras-Severin in Romania.svg | map_caption = Caraș-Severin county, territorial location | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{ROU}} | subdivision_type1 = Development region1 | subdivision_name1 = Vest | subdivision_type2 = Historic region | subdivision_name2 = Banat | subdivision_type3 = Capital city (Reședință de județ) | subdivision_name3 = Reșița | government_footnotes = | government_type = County Board | leader_title = President of the County Board | leader_name = Sorin Frunzăverde | leader_party = Democratic-Liberal Party | leader_title1 = Prefect2 | leader_name1 = Ioan Anton Paulescu | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 8514 | area_rank = 3rd in Romania | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | coordinates = {{coord|45.15|22.07|region:RO|display=inline,title}} | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 274,277 | population_rank = 32nd in Romania | population_density_km2 = 39 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_note = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = Postal Code | postal_code = 32wxyz3 | area_code = +40 x554 | blank_name = Car Plates | blank_info = CS5 | blank1_name = GDP | blank1_info = US$ 2.73 billion (2008) | blank2_name = GDP/capita | blank2_info = US$ 9,953 (2008) | footnotes = 1The development regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed to correspond to NUTS-II level subdivisions of the European Union member states and are the basis for development funding under the cohesion and convergence objectives of the EU's regional policy 2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionary corps 3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address 4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks 5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county | website = County Council County Prefecture }} Caraș-Severin ({{IPA-ro|ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin|-|Ro-Caraș-Severin.ogg}}) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mures-Tisza Euroregion. NameIn Serbian and Croatian, it is known as Karaš Severin/Караш Северин or Karaš-Severinska županija, in Hungarian as Krassó-Szörény megye, in German as Kreis Karasch-Severin, and in Bulgarian as Караш-Северин (translit. Karash-Severin). DemographicsThe county is part of the Danube-Kris-Mureș-Tisza euroregion. In 2011, it had a population of 274,277 and a population density of 33.63/km2. The majority of the population (89.23%) are Romanians. There are also Roma (2.74%), Croats (1.88%), Germans - Banat Swabians (1.11%), Serbs (1.82%), Hungarians (1.19%) and Ukrainians (0.94%).[1]
GeographyWith 8,514 km2, it is the third largest county in Romania, after Timiș and Suceava counties. It is also the county through which the Danube River enters Romania. The mountains make up 67% of the county's surface, including the Southern Carpathians range, with Banat Mountains, Țarcu-Godeanu Mountains and Cernei Mountains and elevations between 600 and 2100 meters. Transition hills between mountains and the Banat Plain lie in the western side of the county. The Danube enters Romania in the vicinity of Baziaș, bordering Serbia. Timiș, Cerna, Caraș and Nera cross the county, some of them through spectacular valleys and gorges. Neighbours{{Romanian counties map}}
History and economyIn 1718 the county was part of the Habsburg Monarchy, part of the province of Banat. In 1771 the county seat, Reschitz (Reșița) became a modern industrial center under Austrian rule. The area received considerable attention due to its mining industry. In 1855, the entire Banat area, with its supplies of mineral deposits and timber, was transferred from the Austrian Treasury to a joint Austrian-French mining and railroad company named StEG. StEG built the Oravița-Baziaș line, Romania's oldest railroad track. After World War I, StEG, Banat and most Austro-Hungarian property were taken over by a company named UDR. During the last years of World War II, when Romania was an ally of Nazi Germany, a partisan group, led by Ștefan Plavăț, was active in the mountainous area of the county.[3] The arrival of the communist regime in Romania after World War II and that regime's campaign of nationalization of the mining industry brought tremendous social upheaval in the area. TourismArchaeological findings show the area has been populated since Paleolithic times. There is a County Museum of History in Reșița, displaying archeological artifacts, and, in the town of Ocna de Fier, the Constantin Gruiescu Mineralogical Collection. The county hosts the regional daffodil and lilac festivals in the Spring. Sites worth visiting:
Politics
The Caraș-Severin County Council, elected at the 2016 local government elections, is made up of 31 counselors, with the following party composition:[4]
Administrative divisionsCaraș-Severin County has 2 municipalities, 6 towns and 69 communes
Historic county{{Infobox settlement| official_name = Județul Caraș-Severin | other_name = | settlement_type = County (Județ) | image_skyline =Old county hall lugoj.png | image_caption =The Caraș-Severin prefecture building from the interwar period. | image_flag = | flag_link = | image_shield = Coats of arms of None.svg | shield_link = | image_map = Romania 1930 county Caras-Severin.png | map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Romania | subdivision_type2 = Historic region | subdivision_name2 = Banat | subdivision_type3 = Capital city (Reședință de județ) | subdivision_name3 = Lugoj | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = Prefect | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = Established | established_date = 1919 | established_title2 = Ceased to exist | established_date2 = 1926 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 11080 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | population_as_of = 1920 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 424254 | population_density_km2 =auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_note = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | footnotes = | website = }} The territory of the county was transferred to the Romania from the Kingdom of Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. The county was located in the southwestern part of Greater Romania, in the south and east region of the Banat. The county seat was Lugoj. Its territory consisted entirely of the current territory of the county, but also parts of the current counties of Timiș, Arad, and Mehedinți. It bordered on the west with Timiș-Torontal County and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, to the south with Yugoslavia, to the east with the counties Mehedinți and Hunedoara, and to the north by Arad County. The county had a total area over {{convert|11000|km²}}, making it the largest county geographically of interwar Romania. Its territory corresponded to the former Hungarian division of Krassó-Szörény County. The county existed for seven years, being divided in 1926 into Caraș County and Severin County. AdministrationThe county was divided administratively into fourteen districts (plăṣi). There were five urban municipalities (cities): Lugoj (capital), Caransebeș, Reșița, Oravița and Orșova.[5][6] PopulationAccording to the census data of 1920, the total population of the county was 424,254 inhabitants. The population density was 38 inhabitants/km2. References{{commons category|Caraș-Severin County}}1. ^National Institute of Statistics, "Populația după etnie" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816034908/http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/tabele/t40a.pdf |date=16 August 2009 }} 2. ^National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }} 3. ^Covaci, Maria (1969). "Ștefan Plavăț" in Anale de Istorie, Vol. XV, Nr. 4. Institutul de Studii Istorice și Social-Politice de pe lîngă C.C. al P.C.R, Bucharest. p. 145. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.2016bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIAL2016_CJ_mandate.xlsx|title=Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori|publisher=Biroul Electoral Central|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=16 June 2016|language=Romanian}} 5. ^Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Caraș 6. ^Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Severin External links{{Caraș-Severin County}}{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Caras-Severin County}} 12 : Caraș-Severin County|Counties of Romania|1919 establishments in Romania|1926 disestablishments in Romania|1940 establishments in Romania|1950 disestablishments in Romania|1968 establishments in Romania|States and territories established in 1919|States and territories disestablished in 1926|States and territories established in 1940|States and territories disestablished in 1950|States and territories established in 1968 |
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