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词条 Cardinal (train)
释义

  1. History

      Hoosier State    Plans  

  2. Train consist

  3. Route overview

  4. Route details

  5. Station stops

  6. References

  7. Further reading

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2018}}{{italic title}}{{Infobox rail service
| box_width =
| name = Cardinal
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Amtrak's The Cardinal - Prince, WV.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Eastbound Cardinal stopped in Prince, West Virginia
| type = Inter-city rail
Higher speed rail (Northeast Corridor only)
| status = Operating
| locale = Midwestern United States
Southeastern United States
Mid-Atlantic states
| predecessor = James Whitcomb Riley
| first = October 30, 1977
| last =
| successor = None
| operator = Amtrak
| formeroperator=
| ridership = 113,103 total (FY13)
| start = Chicago, Illinois
| stops = 36
| end = New York City
| distance = {{convert|1146|mi|km}}
| journeytime = 28 hours
| frequency = Thrice-weekly
| trainnumber = 50/51
| class =
  • First class sleeper
  • Reserved business class
  • Reserved coach

| access =
| seating = Airline-style
| sleeping = Viewliner Roomette (2 beds)
Viewliner Bedroom (2 beds)
Viewliner Bedroom Suite (4 beds)
Viewliner Accessible Bedroom (2 beds)
| autorack =
| catering = Dining car and on-board café
| observation =
| entertainment=
| baggage = Checked baggage available at selected stations
| otherfacilities =
| stock =
  • Amfleet II coaches and lounges
  • Viewliner sleepers

| gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}
| el =
| speed =
| owners = Amtrak
CSX Transportation
Buckingham Branch
NS Railway
CN Railway
Union Pacific
Metra
| routenumber =
| map = {{Amtrak Cardinal}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The Cardinal is a thrice-weekly long distance passenger train operated by Amtrak between New York Penn Station and Chicago Union Station, with major intermediate stops at Philadelphia, Washington, D.C., Charlottesville, Charleston, Huntington, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. It is one of three trains linking the Northeast to Chicago, the others being the Capitol Limited and Lake Shore Limited.

Trains depart New York City on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and depart Chicago on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. The {{convert|1146|mi|adj=on}} trip between Chicago and New York City takes 28{{frac|1|4}} hours.[1]

The Hoosier State provides service on the {{convert|196|mi|adj=on}} segment of the Cardinal route between Indianapolis and Chicago on the four days of the week when it is not otherwise provided by the Cardinal.[1]

During fiscal year 2016-2017, the Cardinal carried 112,432 passengers,[2] up 7.25% from fiscal year 2015-2016. Overall, Amtrak recorded 31.7 million passenger trips in 2016-2017, an increase of 1.5% over the previous year, with total revenue of $3.2 billion, up 1.1% over the same time period.[2]

The Cardinal brings in approximately $7-8 Million per year in ticket revenue, most recent figures show revenue of $7,658,608 in fiscal year 2015-2016, relatively unchanged from the five years prior.[3]

History

{{main|James Whitcomb Riley (train)|George Washington (train)}}

The Cardinal is the successor of several previous trains, primarily the New York Central (later Penn Central) James Whitcomb Riley and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) George Washington. The James Whitcomb Riley was a daytime all-coach train which operated between Chicago and Cincinnati (via Indianapolis), while the George Washington was a long-distance sleeper that ran between Cincinnati and–via a split in Charlottesville, Virginia–Washington, D.C. and Newport News, Virginia. Until the late 1950s, the Riley carried the Washington{{'}}s sleeper cars between Cincinnati and Chicago.[6] Both routes survived until the formation of Amtrak in 1971.{{rp|51; 93}}

Amtrak kept service mostly identical through the spring and summer of 1971.[4] It slowly began integrating the trains that summer; through Washington–Chicago and Newport News–Chicago coaches began operating July 12, and a through sleeping car began September 8.[5] On November 14, the Riley and George Washington were merged, forming a single long-distance Chicago-Washington train, with the eastbound train (train 50) known as the George Washington and the westbound train (train 51) known as the Riley.[6]{{rp|38}} The eastern terminus was briefly extended to Boston, but truncated back to Washington in 1972. On May 19, 1974, Amtrak fully merged the George Washington into the Riley.

Earlier in 1974, Amtrak had rerouted the Riley off Penn Central track in Indiana; the trackage had deteriorated so badly that the Riley was limited to {{convert|10|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} for much of its route through Indiana.[5] The Newport News section ended in 1976, replaced by the Boston–Newport News Colonial.[7]

The James Whitcomb Riley was renamed the Cardinal on October 30, 1977, as the cardinal was the state bird of all six states through which it ran. However, due to poor track conditions in Indiana, the train was rerouted numerous times, first over various Penn Central/Conrail routings, then ultimately over the former Baltimore and Ohio route via Cottage Grove by 1980.[8]

The Cardinal was eventually extended from Washington, D.C., to New York City along the Northeast Corridor in an effort to improve the Cardinal's cost recovery ratio, providing much of the Northeast with a one-seat ride to Chicago. Previously, passengers who wanted to travel to Chicago from the Northeast had to connect in New York or Boston. However, the entire train was discontinued on September 30, 1981. A congressional mandate initiated by Senator Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) resurrected the train on January 8, 1982, and followed another new route, via Richmond, Indiana, and Muncie, Indiana. This arrangement lasted until April 27, 1986, when the train was finally moved to its current route via Indianapolis.[8] On October 29, 1995, the Cardinal was truncated to Washington, D.C. after the train's Viewliner equipment was replaced with Superliners. On October 27, 2002, the Viewliners were restored after derailments on other routes depleted available Superliner cars. The Cardinal continued to operate the Chicago-Washington D.C. schedule. Service to New York was restored on Sunday's westbound Cardinal on October 27, 2003. Full service to New York resumed on April 26, 2004.

From March 29, 2018 to November 8, 2018, due to continuing construction at New York Penn Station, the Cardinal{{'}}s eastern terminus was temporarily moved to Washington. Cardinal passengers needing to travel to or from points north of Washington were transferred to a Northeast Regional.[9]

{{clr}}

Hoosier State

{{main|Hoosier State (train)|Kentucky Cardinal (Amtrak)}}

With the Indianapolis routing, the Cardinal began operating jointly with the Chicago–Indianapolis Hoosier State. The Hoosier State operated to Indianapolis on the days the Cardinal did not, assuring seven-day service between Chicago and Indianapolis. This pattern ceased on October 25, 1987, when the Hoosier State became a full-fledged daily train once again. The Hoosier State was dropped on September 8, 1995, but resumed again on July 19, 1998, again running on days that the Cardinal did not run.

On December 17, 1999, Amtrak extended the Hoosier State to Jeffersonville, Indiana, (and later to Louisville, Kentucky) and renamed the train the Kentucky Cardinal. This new train was a daily service; on days when the Cardinal operated, the two trains ran combined between Indianapolis and Chicago. Amtrak ultimately discontinued the Kentucky Cardinal on July 4, 2003 and brought back the Hoosier State on the pre-1999 schedule.

Plans

In the July 2010 issue of Trains magazine, the Cardinal was noted as being one of five routes under consideration for performance improvement. For the Cardinal, the proposed changes included increasing service from thrice-weekly to daily operation, and changing the western terminus to St. Louis, Missouri. Railfan and Railroad magazine also suggested that the train be rerouted to St. Louis, with a separate section bound for Chicago.[10]

In early October 2010, Amtrak released a report detailing plans to increase the Cardinal{{'}}s service from three trains a week to daily service, as well as increasing the train's on-time performance and food service.[11] The January 2011 issue of Trains later revealed that Amtrak would scrap re-routing and Superliner conversion and instead adopt not only daily service, but also purchasing dome cars to be used along the Chicago-Washington, D.C., portion of the trip. In addition, the routing into Chicago Union Station would be changed and station platforms along the route containing coal dust would be scrubbed and cleaned.[12]

However, obstacles to a daily Cardinal persist. Track capacity is limited on the Buckingham Branch Railroad in Virginia where the Cardinal operates, preventing frequent freight trains from passing a daily Cardinal. This problem applies also to the planned but failed Greenbrier Presidential Express train, which would also have traversed the Buckingham Branch on a weekly basis. The Buckingham Branch requires additional funding to expand several sidings before allowing additional service.[13] Another obstacle is freight congestion in Chicago particularly at the 75th Street Corridor on Chicago's South Side.[14] Infrastructure improvements are being made at both obstacles. The Orange Branch between Orange and Gordonsville raised train speed after the completion of a track and signal project in 2017.[15] The Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program (CREATE) has received funding under a public–private partnership (P3) for the 75th Street Corridor with construction beginning in October 2018 and is scheduled to be finished by 2025.[14][16]

Train consist

In the early 1990s, the Cardinal ran with the usual Amtrak long-distance consist of two F40s/E60 plus several MHC and material handling baggage cars, followed by several Amfleet coaches, an Amfleet lounge, a Heritage diner, two or three Heritage 10-6 sleepers, a slumbercoach, and finally, a baggage dormitory car. Following the delivery of the Superliner II fleet, however, the Cardinal was re-equipped with Superliner cars in 1995.[17] As a result, its route was truncated to end in Washington D.C. as the Superliner equipment could not run into New York City due to low clearances there. With the Superliner equipment, the consist would usually be two Superliner sleeping cars, a diner, a Sightseer Lounge, a baggage coach, and a coach.

In 2002, two derailments on other routes took numerous Superliner cars out of service. Because of this, insufficient Superliner equipment was available for use on the Cardinal. The Cardinal was re-equipped with a consist of single-level long-distance cars, including dining, lounge, sleeping, and dormitory cars, although service to New York was not restored until 2004. Subsequent fleet shortages shortened the Cardinal further, and at one point, the train was running with two or three Amfleet II coaches and a combined diner-lounge car. While the sleeping car was later restored, the Cardinal has not had a dormitory car or a diner since. Similarly, though the baggage car was also removed, it was restored in response to an upturn in patronage in mid-2010. In 2016, Amtrak added business class service to the Cardinal.[18]

The Cardinal's current typical consist includes a single locomotive, a Viewliner II baggage car, one or two Viewliner I sleeping cars, one Amfleet I Club-Dinette business class car, a single Amfleet II Diner-Lite diner-lounge car, and two to four Amfleet II long-distance coaches.

Route overview

The Cardinal's route is one of the most scenic in Amtrak's system. After an early morning departure from NYC, the train passes through Virginia's rolling horse country, across the Blue Ridge and the Shenandoah Valley. Then the train climbs the Allegheny Mountains and stops at the resort town of White Sulphur Springs, with its famous The Greenbrier hotel. The Cardinal descends on tracks through the New River Gorge National River, a unit of the National Park Service protecting the longest deepest river gorge in the Eastern U.S. The river is popular for white water rafting, and the cliffs attract rock climbers. The forests blaze with autumn foliage and the train usually sells out during the peak season. The Cardinal will often add the only remaining full-length dome car in Amtrak service, car number 10031, to the consist in the autumn to try to accommodate the leaf peepers.[19]

The schedules are timed to provide a daylight transit of the New River Gorge almost all year. So westbound, the train travels at night from Charleston, West Virginia, on to Indianapolis, where it arrives about dawn, reaching Chicago in mid-morning. Eastbound the Cardinal departs late afternoon, reaching Indianapolis before midnight, Charleston mid-morning, and NYC in the late evening. Unfortunately, Cincinnati is served both directions with stops after midnight, yet about 15,000 passengers a year arrive or depart from this station.

The Cardinal is one of only two of Amtrak's 15 long-distance trains to operate only three days a week, the other being the Sunset Limited. Like other long-distance trains, passengers are not allowed to travel only between stations on the Northeast Corridor on the Cardinal. Eastbound trains only stop to discharge passengers from Alexandria northward, and westbound trains only stop to receive passengers from Newark to Washington. This policy aims to keep seats available for passengers making longer trips; passengers traveling between Northeast Corridor stations can use the more frequent Northeast Regional service.

Route details

The Cardinal operates over Amtrak, CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, Buckingham Branch Railroad, Canadian National Railway, Union Pacific Railroad, and Metra trackage:

  • Amtrak Northeast Corridor, New York to Washington
  • CSX RF&P Subdivision, Washington to Alexandria
  • NS Washington District, Alexandria to Orange
  • BB Orange Subdivision and North Mountain Subdivision, Orange to Clifton Forge
  • CSX Alleghany Subdivision, New River Subdivision, Kanawha Subdivision, Russell Subdivision, Northern Subdivision, Cincinnati Subdivision, Cincinnati Terminal Subdivision, Indianapolis Subdivision, Indianapolis Terminal Subdivision, Crawfordsville Branch Subdivision, Lafayette Subdivision, and Monon Subdivision, Clifton Forge to Munster
  • CN Elsdon Subdivision, Munster to Thornton
  • UP Villa Grove Subdivision, Thornton to 81st Street
  • Metra SouthWest Service, 81st Street to Chicago
  • NS Chicago Line, CP 518 to Chicago (Depending on Dispatcher preference, The Cardinal often runs between CP 518 and 21st Street on NS)

Station stops

State/ProvinceTown/CityStationConnections
IllinoisChicagoChicago Union StationAmtrak: Blue Water, Capitol Limited, Carl Sandburg, California Zephyr, City of New Orleans, Empire Builder, Hiawatha Service, Hoosier State, Illini, Illinois Zephyr, Lake Shore Limited, Lincoln Service, Pere Marquette, Saluki, Southwest Chief, Texas Eagle, Wolverine, Amtrak Thruway MotorcoachCTA Buses: 1, 7, 14, 19, 20, X20, X28, 56, 60, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 151, 156, 157, 192
CTA Subway Stops: Clinton Blue Line, Quincy Brown, Orange, Pink, and Purple Lines
Megabus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7
Metra: North Central Service, Milwaukee District/North Line, Milwaukee District/West Line, BNSF Railway Line, Heritage Corridor, SouthWest Service
IndianaDyerDyer}}None
RensselaerRensselaer}}None
LafayetteLafayetteCardinal}Greyhound Lines
CityBus: 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5, 6A, 6B, 7
CrawfordsvilleCrawfordsville}}None
IndianapolisIndianapolis}}Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach (Burlington Trailways)
IndyGo: Route 16
ConnersvilleConnersville}}None
OhioCincinnatiCincinnati}}SORTA: (First bus is at 5:45am on weekdays)
KentuckyMaysvilleMaysville}}Maysville Transit
South ShoreSouth Portsmouth-South Shore}}None
AshlandAshlandCardinal}Greyhound Lines
ABS: All routes
West VirginiaHuntingtonHuntington}}Tri-State Transit Authority: 2, 4, 5, 6, 10
CharlestonCharlestonCardinal}KRT: Route 18
Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach to Sutton/Flatwoods, Weston, Clarksburg, Fairmont & Morgantown (Barons Bus Lines) (Note: Thruway Motorcoach only serves Train 50 eastbound. There is no Thruway Motorcoach service from Charleston serving Train 51 westbound.) [20]
MontgomeryMontgomery, WV}}KRT: Route 9, 22
ThurmondThurmond}}None
PrincePrince}}None
HintonHinton}}None
AldersonAlderson}}None
White Sulphur SpringsWhite Sulphur Springs}}None
VirginiaClifton ForgeClifton Forge}}None
StauntonStaunton}}Staunton Free Trolley: Green Route
CATS: 250 Connector (at Staunton Visitor Center)
CharlottesvilleCharlottesville}}Amtrak: Crescent, Northeast Regional, Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach to Richmond (James River Transportation) & Washington D.C. (through ticketing on existing Greyhound Lines route)
Greyhound Lines
CAT: T, 7
CulpeperCulpeper}}Amtrak: Crescent, Northeast Regional
ManassasManassas}}Amtrak: Crescent, Northeast Regional
VRE: Manassas Line
PRTC: Manassas Metro Direct, OmniLink Manassas
AlexandriaAlexandria}}Amtrak: Crescent, Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star
VRE: Fredericksburg Line, Manassas Line
Metro: Blue Line, Yellow Line
Metrobus: REX, 28A, 28B, 29K, 29N
DASH: AT2, AT5, AT6, AT7, AT8, AT10
District of ColumbiaWashingtonWashington Union StationAmtrak: Acela Express, Capitol Limited, Carolinian, Crescent, Palmetto, Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter, Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach to Charlottesville, Virginia (through ticketing on existing Greyhound Lines route)
MARC Train: Brunswick Line, Camden Line, Penn Line
VRE: Manassas Line, Fredericksburg Line
Metro: Red Line
Metrobus: D3, D6, D8, X1, X2, X8, X9, 80, 96, 97
DC Circulator: Georgetown, Navy Yard
DC Streetcar: H Street/Benning Road Line
MTA Maryland: 903, 922
Loudoun County Transit: Loudoun County
PRTC: Dale City

Washington D.C. is where the Cardinal switches between electrification and diesel locomotive services: Trains going to Chicago must switch from a Siemens ACS-64 electric locomotive to a GE Genesis P42DC diesel locomotive as there are no facilities, including catenary wires, between Washington and Chicago that support electric locomotives. Trains going to New York must switch from a GE Genesis P42DC diesel locomotive to a Siemens ACS-64 electric locomotive due to diesels not being allowed in the North River Tunnels into NYC from New Jersey.

MarylandBaltimoreBaltimore}}Amtrak: Acela Express, Carolinian, Crescent, Palmetto, Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter
MARC Train: Penn Line
MTA Maryland: Light Rail, 3, 11, 61, 64
DelawareWilmingtonWilmington}}Amtrak: Acela Express, Carolinian, Crescent, Palmetto, Northeast Regional, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter
DART First State: 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 28, 31, 33, 35, 40, 45, 48, 52, 54, 55, 59, 301, 305 (seasonal)
SEPTA Regional Rail: Wilmington/Newark Line
PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia30th Street StationAmtrak: Acela Express, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Pennsylvanian, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter
NJ Transit: Atlantic City Line
SEPTA City Transit Division: Market-Frankford Line, SEPTA Subway-Surface Trolley Lines (Route 10, Route 11, Route 13, Route 34, Route 36), {{SEPTA bus link>9|12|21|30|31|42|44|62|LUCY}}
SEPTA Suburban Transit Division: {{SEPTA bus link|124|125}}
SEPTA Regional Rail: Airport Line, Warminster Line, Wilmington/Newark Line, West Trenton Line, Media/Elwyn Line, Lansdale/Doylestown Line, Paoli/Thorndale Line, Manayunk/Norristown Line, Cynwyd Line, Trenton Line, Chestnut Hill East Line, Chestnut Hill West Line, Fox Chase Line
New JerseyTrentonTrenton}}Amtrak: Acela Express, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Pennsylvanian, Silver Star, Silver Meteor, Vermonter
NJ Transit: Northeast Corridor Line, River Line, 409, 418, 600, 601, 604, 606, 608, 609, 611, 619
SEPTA Regional Rail: Trenton Line
SEPTA Suburban Transit Division: {{SEPTA bus link>127}}
NewarkNewark Penn StationAmtrak: Acela Express, Carolinian, Crescent, Keystone Service, Northeast Regional, Pennsylvanian, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter
NJ Transit: Newark City Subway, Newark Light Rail, North Jersey Coast Line, Northeast Corridor Line, Raritan Valley Line, 1, 5, 21, 34, 40, 62, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 108, 308, 319
PATH: NWK-WTC
Coach USA: 31, 44
New YorkNew York CityNew York City}}Amtrak: Acela Express, Adirondack, Carolinian, Crescent, Ethan Allen Express, Keystone Service, Lake Shore Limited, Maple Leaf, Northeast Regional, Palmetto, Pennsylvanian, Silver Meteor, Silver Star, Vermonter
LIRR: Main Line, Port Washington Branch
NJ Transit: North Jersey Coast Line, Northeast Corridor Line, Gladstone Branch, Montclair-Boonton Line, Morristown Line
NYC Subway: {{NYCS Broadway-Seventh>complex=y}}, {{NYCS Eighth south|complex=end}} trains
NYC Transit buses: M7, M20, M34 / M34A Select Bus Service, Q32
PATH: HOB-33, JSQ-33, JSQ-33 (via HOB)

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/timetables/Cardinal-Hoosier-State-Schedule-032918.pdf |title=Cardinal / Hoosier State |publisher=Amtrak |access-date=May 29, 2018}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.wvgazettemail.com/business/amtrak-cardinal-ridership-up-percent-despite-drop-in-huntington/article_0288dba3-8a2f-556d-b41e-087c7381d8c0.html |title=Amtrak Cardinal ridership up 7.25 percent despite drop in Huntington |date=November 20, 2017 |publisher=Charleston Gazette-Mail |format=Web |access-date=May 29, 2018}}
3. ^{{Cite web |url=https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Amtrak-FY16-Ridership-and-Revenue-Fact-Sheet-4_17_17-mm-edits.pdf |title=Amtrak FY16 Fact Sheet |date=April 17, 2017 |publisher=Amtrak |format=Web |access-date=May 29, 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://broadway.pennsyrr.com/Rail/Amtk/routes_1971.html |title=Amtrak's First Trains and Routes |publisher=Mark D. Bej |access-date=May 5, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120707133743/http://broadway.pennsyrr.com/Rail/Amtk/routes_1971.html# |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
5. ^1 {{Lynch-Penn Central}}
6. ^{{Sanders-Heartland}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.prrths.com/Hagley/PRR1976%20Nov%2005.pdf |title=PRR CHRONOLOGY 1976 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society |access-date=May 5, 2010}}
8. ^1 {{cite book |title=All Aboard Amtrak |last=Schafer |first=Mike |last2=Johnston |first2=Bob |last3=McKinney |first3=Kevin |date=1991 |publisher=Railpace Co. |location=Piscataway, NJ}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.newsleader.com/story/news/local/2018/03/10/amtrak-shortening-cardinal-route-allow-track-renovations-nyc/413425002/ |title=Amtrak shortening Cardinal route to allow for track renovations in NYC |date=March 10, 2018 |website=The News Leader |access-date=March 14, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite magazine |date=July 2010 |title=Amtrak Trains Under the Microscope |magazine=Trains |page=20}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=More trains: Amtrak plans to dailify the Cardinal |url=http://www.readthehook.com/blog/index.php/2010/10/02/more-trains-amtrak-plans-to-dailify-the-cardinal/ |publisher=The Hook |accessdate=October 5, 2010 |date=October 2, 2010}}
12. ^{{cite magazine |date=January 2011 |title=Amtrak's Improvement Wish List |magazine=Trains |pages=20–21}}
13. ^{{cite magazine |date=January 2012 |title=Bob Bryant's Big Little Railroad |magazine=Trains |page=51}}
14. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.createprogram.org/factsheets/P3.pdf |title=P2, P3, EW2, GS19 75th Street Corridor Improvement Project |date=November 2015 |publisher=CREATE |access-date=January 10, 2018}}
15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://buckinghambranch.com/speed-orange-amtrak/ |title=Picking Up Speed in Orange |date=April 17, 2017 |publisher=Buckingham Branch Railroad |access-date=January 10, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=https://chicagocrusader.com/preckwinkle-partners-mark-75th-street-rail-corridor-improvement-project/|title=Preckwinkle, Partners Mark 75th Street Rail Corridor Improvement Project|newspaper=The Chicago Crusader|date=October 1, 2018|accessdate=December 12, 2018}}
17. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.trainweb.org/varail/amtrak.html |title=Central Virginia Railfan Page--Amtrak Service |publisher=TrainWeb |access-date=May 7, 2010}}
18. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.wvgazettemail.com/life/amtrak-launches-business-class-service-for-cardinal-passengers/article_55718c4b-27e3-535b-9b6d-5b6f595671ad.html |title=Amtrak Launches Business Class Service for Cardinal Passengers |first=Rick |last=Steelhammer |date=January 13, 2016}}
19. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.amtrak.com/fall-travel-on-the-great-dome-car |title=Fall Travel Made Brilliant on the Great Dome Car |website=Amtrak.com |access-date=October 21, 2014}}
20. ^{{Cite press release |url=https://media.amtrak.com/2017/07/amtrak-launches-thruway-bus-connection-west-virginia/ |title=Amtrak Launches Thruway Bus Connection in West Virginia |date=July 17, 2017}}
21. ^1 {{Schafer-Classic}}
[21]
}}

Further reading

  • Mike Schafer, Amtrak's atlas, Trains, June 1991
  • {{Schwieterman-Leaves-Eastern}}
  • {{Solomon-New York Central}}
  • [https://www.scribd.com/doc/38597090/Untitled Amtrak October 2010 report on the Cardinal]

External links

  • {{Commonscat-inline}}
  • {{amtrak web|route=yes}}
{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}{{Amtrak routes}}

16 : Amtrak routes|Passenger rail transportation in New York (state)|Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey|Passenger rail transportation in Pennsylvania|Passenger rail transportation in Delaware|Passenger rail transportation in Maryland|Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.|Passenger rail transportation in Virginia|Passenger rail transportation in West Virginia|Passenger rail transportation in Kentucky|Passenger rail transportation in Ohio|Passenger rail transportation in Indiana|Passenger rail transportation in Illinois|Night trains of the United States|Railway services introduced in 1977|Passenger rail transportation in Cincinnati
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