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词条 1294
释义

  1. Events

     Asia  Europe 

  2. Births

  3. Deaths

  4. References

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}{{Year dab|1294}}{{Year nav|1294}}{{C13 year in topic}}Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

Asia

  • February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.[1]

Europe

  • July 5 – Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.[2]
  • Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.[3]
  • December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.[4]
  • John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.[5][6]
  • Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.[7]
  • Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo); he also begins work on the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.[8][9]
  • England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.[10]
  • Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.[11]

Births

  • June 18 or June 19 – Charles IV of France (d. 1328)[12]
  • John, Duke of Durazzo (d. 1336)[13]
  • date unknown – Kusunoki Masashige, Japanese samurai (d. 1336)[14]
    • Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1342)[15]

Deaths

  • February 18 – Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1215)[16]
  • May 3 – John I, Duke of Brabant[17]
  • June 12 – John I of Brienne, Count of Eu[18]
  • December 25 – Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania[19]
  • date unknown
    • Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon of Ethiopia[20]
    • Brunetto Latini, Florentine philosopher (b. c. 1220)[21]
    • Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal[22]

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=bnCMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA316&dq=kublai+khan+1294+for+khanates#v=onepage&q=kublai%20khan%201294%20for%20khanates&f=false|title=Dynastic China: An Elementary History|last=San|first=Tan Koon|publisher=The Other Press|year=2014|isbn=9789839541885|location=Petaling Jaya, Malaysia|pages=316|language=en}}
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA870&dq=1294+pope+celestine+V#v=onepage&q=1294%20pope%20celestine%20V&f=false|title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781610690263|volume=2|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford|pages=870|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PqulBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT18&dq=1294+Madog+ap+Llywelyn#v=onepage&q=1294%20Madog%20ap%20Llywelyn&f=false|title=Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask|last=Breverton|first=Terry|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|year=2014|isbn=9781445638454|location=Stroud|pages=14|language=en}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wgC-yRJ5bo0C&pg=PT18&dq=1294+Boniface+VIII#v=onepage&q=1294%20Boniface%20VIII&f=false|title=History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517.|last=Schaff|first=Philip|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|year=1998|isbn=9781610250450|volume=VI: The Middle Ages|location=Grand Rapids, MI|pages=|language=en|orig-year=1882}}
5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Vp2r3xyaDaEC&pg=PA372&dq=1294+John+Balliol#v=onepage&q=1294%20John%20Balliol&f=false|title=Edward I|last=Prestwich|first=Michael|publisher=University of California Press|year=1988|isbn=9780520062665|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=372|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UUOzgLiyd54C&pg=PA59&dq=1294+Auld+Alliance#v=onepage&q=1294%20Auld%20Alliance&f=false|title=Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists|last=Spaltro|first=Kathleen|last2=Bridge|first2=Noeline|publisher=iUniverse|year=2005|isbn=9780595373123|location=New York, Lincoln, Shanghai|pages=59|language=en}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=48JYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA124&dq=1294+Strata+Florida+Abbey#v=onepage&q=1294%20Strata%20Florida%20Abbey&f=false|title=Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll|last=Symonds|first=William Samuel|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1872|isbn=|location=London|pages=124|language=en}}
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CfGPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT3952&dq=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio#v=onepage&q=1294%20Arnolfo%20di%20Cambio&f=false|title=The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation|last=Durant|first=Will|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2014|isbn=9781476779713|location=New York|pages=|language=en}}
9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HTOQ2A5_j1EC&pg=PA44&dq=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio+cathedral#v=onepage&q=1294%20Arnolfo%20di%20Cambio%20cathedral&f=false|title=Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day|last=Fossi|first=Gloria|last2=Reiche|first2=Mattia|last3=Bussagli|first3=Marco|date=2004|publisher=Giunti Editore|isbn=9788809037267|language=en}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=b3vFv2QssdgC&pg=PA139&dq=1294+Anglo-Portuguese+Alliance#v=onepage&q=1294%20Anglo-Portuguese%20Alliance&f=false|title=European Integration and Disintegration: East and West|last=Bideleux|first=Robert|last2=Taylor|first2=Professor Richard|last3=Taylor|first3=Richard|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=9781134775217|location=London and New York|pages=139|language=en}}
11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=INmdwCSkvIgC&pg=PA215&dq=1294+war+with+France#v=onepage&q=1294%20war%20with%20France&f=false|title=Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485|last=Fritze|first=Ronald H.|last2=Robison|first2=William Baxter|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780313291241|location=Westport, CT|pages=215|language=en}}
12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mFhOA1a0jnkC&pg=PA175&dq=1294+charles+IV+france#v=onepage&q=1294%20charles%20IV%20france&f=false|title=Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987|last=Coss|first=Peter R.|last2=Coss|first2=P. R.|last3=Lloyd|first3=Simon D.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=1988|isbn=9780851155135|location=Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH|pages=175|language=en}}
13. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7c0fAAAAMAAJ&q=1294+john+duke+of+durazzo&dq=1294+john+duke+of+durazzo|title=Guelphs & Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409|last=Browning|first=Oscar|publisher=Methuen & Company|year=1893|isbn=|location=London|pages=199|language=en}}
14. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RMBdoimD2kIC&pg=PA90&dq=1294+Kusunoki+Masashige,#v=onepage&q=1294%20Kusunoki%20Masashige,&f=false|title=The Samurai: A Military History|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen R.|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2005|isbn=9781873410387|location=London and New York|pages=90|language=en|orig-year=1977}}
15. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=_4M7AAAAMAAJ&q=1294+Joan+of+Valois&dq=1294+Joan+of+Valois|title=Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke|last=Wold|first=Carol Lee|publisher=Gateway Press|year=2002|isbn=|location=Louisville, KY|pages=97|language=en}}
16. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qIcWikw1ofgC&pg=PA142&dq=1295+kublai+khan+dies#v=onepage&q=1295%20kublai%20khan%20dies&f=false|title=Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan|last=McNeese|first=Tim|last2=Goetzmann|first2=William H.|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2006|isbn=9781438102467|series=Explorers of New Lands|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=142|language=en}}
17. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=PzorDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&dq=1294+John+I,+Duke+of+Brabant#v=onepage&q=1294%20John%20I,%20Duke%20of%20Brabant&f=false|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia|last=Jeep|first=John M.|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2001|isbn=9781351665407|location=Abingdon & New York|pages=72|language=en}}
18. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-WFjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR23&dq=1294+John+I+of+Brienne,+Count+of+Eu#v=onepage&q=1294%20John%20I%20of%20Brienne,%20Count%20of%20Eu&f=false|title=The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356|last=Perry|first=Guy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|isbn=9781107196902|location=Cambridge, New York|pages=xxiii|language=en}}
19. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=hiUlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=1294+Mestwin+II,+Duke+of+Pomerania#v=onepage&q=1294%20Mestwin%20II,%20Duke%20of%20Pomerania&f=false|title=New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia|last=Możejko|first=Beata|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781351805445|location=Abingdon, New York|pages=14|language=en}}
20. ^{{Cite journal|last=Tamrat|first=Taddesse|date=January 1970|title=The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|volume=8|issue=1|pages=87–117|jstor=41965802}}
21. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=jM1oqDw-TGYC&pg=PA423&dq=1294+Brunetto+Latini#v=onepage&q=1294%20Brunetto%20Latini&f=false|title=Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia|last=Barlow|first=Henry Clark|publisher=Williams and Norgate|year=1864|isbn=|location=London and Edinburgh|pages=423|language=en}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://rusmania.com/central/yaroslavl-region/pereslavl-zalessky/history-of-pereslavl-zalessky|title=History of Pereslavl-Zalessky {{!}} Rusmania|website=rusmania.com|access-date=2019-02-26}}
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