“CBS News”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS. CBS News' broadcasts include the CBS Evening News, CBS This Morning, news magazine programs CBS Sunday Morning, 60 Minutes and 48 Hours, and Sunday morning political affairs program Face the Nation. CBS News Radio produces hourly newscasts for hundreds of radio stations, and also oversees CBS News podcasts like The Takeout Podcast. CBS News also operates a 24-hour digital news network called CBSN.

The president of CBS News is David Rhodes.^[1] On January 6, 2019, Susan Zirinsky was named President of CBS News, replacing David Rhodes.^[2]^[3] Rhodes will be leaving on March 1, 2019, and "will step down as president of CBS News amid falling ratings and the fallout from revelations from an investigation into sexual misconduct allegations against CBS News figures, Rhodes and the CBS network said."^[4] Zirinsky will become the first female President of CBS News.^[5]^[6]

History

In 1929, the Columbia Broadcasting System began making regular radio news broadcasts—five-minute summaries taken from reports from the United Press, one of the three wire services that supplied newspapers with national and international news. In December 1930 CBS chief William S. Paley hired journalist Paul W. White away from United Press as CBS's news editor. Paley put the radio network's news operation at the same level as entertainment, and authorized White to interrupt programming if events warranted. Along with other networks, CBS chafed at the breaking news embargo imposed upon radio by the wire services, which prevented them from using bulletins until they first appeared in print. CBS disregarded an embargo when it broke the story of the Lindbergh kidnapping in 1932, using live on-the-air reporting. Radio networks scooped print outlets with news of the 1932 presidential election.^[7]{{Rp|485–486|date=May 2014}}

In March 1933, White was named vice president and general manager in charge of news at CBS.^[8] As the first head of CBS News, he began to build an organization that soon established a legendary reputation.^[7]{{Rp|486|date=June 2014}}

In 1935, White hired Edward R. Murrow, and sent him to London in 1937 to run CBS Radio's European operation.^[7]{{Rp|486|date=May 2014}} White led a staff that would come to include Charles Collingwood, William L. Shirer, Eric Sevareid,^[9] Bill Downs, John Charles Daly, Joseph C. Harsch^[7]{{Rp|501|date=May 2014}} Cecil Brown, Elmer Davis, Quincy Howe, H. V. Kaltenborn, Robert Trout,^[10] and Lewis Shollenberger.^[11]

"CBS was getting its ducks in a row for the biggest news story in history, World War II", wrote radio historian John Dunning.^[7]{{Rp|487|date=May 2014}}

Television

Upon becoming commercial station WCBW (channel 2, now WCBS-TV) in 1941, the pioneer CBS television station in New York City broadcast two daily news programs, at 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. weekdays, anchored by Richard Hubbell. Most of the newscasts featured Hubbell reading a script with only occasional cutaways to a map or still photograph. When Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941, WCBW (which was usually off the air on Sunday to give the engineers a day off), took to the air at 8:45 p.m. with an extensive special report. The national emergency even broke down the unspoken wall between CBS radio and television. WCBW executives convinced radio announcers and experts such as George Fielding Elliot and Linton Wells to come down to the Grand Central studios during the evening and give information and commentary on the attack. The WCBW special report that night lasted less than 90 minutes. But that special broadcast pushed the limits of live television in 1941 and opened up new possibilities for future broadcasts. As CBS wrote in a special report to the FCC, the unscheduled live news broadcast on December 7 "was unquestionably the most stimulating challenge and marked the greatest advance of any single problem faced up to that time."

Additional newscasts were scheduled in the early days of the war. In May 1942, WCBW (like almost all television stations) sharply cut back its live program schedule and the newscasts were canceled, since the station temporarily suspended studio operations, resorting exclusively to the occasional broadcast of films. This was primarily because much of the staff had either joined the service or were redeployed to war related technical research, and to prolong the life of the early, unstable cameras which were now impossible to repair due to the wartime lack of parts.

In May 1944, as the war began to turn in favor of the Allies, WCBW reopened the studios and the newscasts returned, briefly anchored by Ned Calmer, and then by Everett Holles.^[12] After the war, expanded news programs appeared on the WCBW schedule – whose call letters were changed to WCBS-TV in 1946 – first anchored by Milo Boulton, and later by Douglas Edwards. On May 3, 1948, Edwards began anchoring CBS Television News, a regular 15-minute nightly newscast on the CBS television network, including WCBS-TV. It aired every weeknight at 7:30 p.m., and was the first regularly scheduled, network television news program featuring an anchor (the nightly Lowell Thomas NBC radio network newscast was simulcast on television locally on NBC's WNBT—now WNBC—for a time in the early 1940s and the previously mentioned Richard Hubbell, Ned Calmer, Everett Holles and Milo Boulton on WCBW in the early and mid-1940s, but these were local television broadcasts seen only in New York City). NBC's offering at the time, NBC Television Newsreel (which premiered in February 1948), was simply film footage with voice narration.

In 1950, the name of the nightly newscast was changed to Douglas Edwards with the News, and the following year, it became the first news program to be broadcast on both coasts, thanks to a new coaxial cable connection, prompting Edwards to use the greeting "Good evening everyone, coast to coast." The broadcast was renamed the CBS Evening News when Walter Cronkite replaced Edwards in 1962.^[13] Edwards remained with CBS News with various daytime television newscasts and radio news broadcasts until his retirement on April 1, 1988.

Broadcast history

The information on programs listed in this section came directly from CBS News in interviews with the Vice President of Communications and NewsWatch Dallas.

According to the CBS News Library and source Sandy Genelius (Vice President, CBS News Communications), the "CBS Evening News" was the program title for both Saturday and Sunday evening broadcasts. The program title for the Sunday late night news beginning in 1963 was the "CBS Sunday Night News". These titles were also seen on the intro slide of the program's opening. The program airs on Saturday, and Sunday nights at 7:00 - 7:30PM UTC (Eastern Time) on CBS.

Current CBS News broadcasts

Prime time/evening news program history

Morning news program history

Late night/early morning program history

CBSN

CBSN is a 24-hour streaming news channel available from the CBS News website and launched on November, 4th 2014. The channel feature live news from 9{{nbsp}}am to midnight on weekdays. The channel makes all of the resources of CBS News available directly on digital platforms with live, anchored coverage 15 hours each week. It is a first for a U.S. 24-hour news channel to forgo cable and be available exclusively only on line and on smart devices such as smart TV's Apple TV, Roku, Amazon Fire and others.^[15] The Channel is based at CBS's New York City headquarters.

CBS Newspath

CBS Newspath is CBS News' satellite news-gathering service (similar to CNN Newsource). Newspath provides national hard news, sports highlights, regional spot news, features and live coverage of major breaking news events for affiliate stations to use in their local news broadcasts. The service has a team of domestic and global correspondents and freelance reporters dedicated to reporting for affiliates, and offers several different national or international stories fronted by reporters on a daily basis. CBS Newspath also relies heavily on local affiliates sharing content. Stations will often contribute locally obtained footage that may be of national interest. It replaced a similar service, CBS News NewsNet.

Network News Service (NNS) is a pioneering news organization formed by ABC NewsOne, CBS Newspath and Fox NewsEdge. Launched in June 2000, its subscriber list already includes more than 500 ABC, CBS and Fox affiliates throughout the United States. The three news distributors created NNS to cost-effectively pool resources for developing and delivering second tier news stories and b-roll footage. The goal was to realize cost savings in the creation and distribution of these news images, while news organizations and member television stations continued to independently develop and deliver their own signature coverage of top news stories.

CBS News Radio

The branch of CBS News that produces newscasts and features to radio stations is CBS News Radio. The radio network is the oldest unit of CBS and traced its roots to the company's founding in 1927, and the news division took shape over the decade that followed. The list of CBS News correspondents (below) includes those reporting on CBS News Radio.

CBS News Radio produces the oldest daily news show on radio or television, the CBS World News Roundup, which first aired in 1938 and celebrates its 80th anniversary in 2018. The World News Roundup airs twice every weekday: a morning edition is anchored by Steve Kathan and produced by Paul Farry, while a "late edition" is anchored by Dave Barrett and produced by James Hutton. The evening Roundup, previously known as The World Tonight, has aired in its current form since 1956 and has been anchored by Blair Clark, Douglas Edwards, Dallas Townsend and Christopher Glenn (Glenn also anchored the morning Roundup before his death in 2006).

The CBS Radio Network provides newscasts at the top of the hour, regular updates at :31 minutes past the hour, the popular Newsfeeds for affiliates (including WCBS and KYW) at :35 minutes past the hour, and breaking news updates when developments warrant, often at :20 and :50 minutes past the hour. Skyview Networks handles the distribution.

Bureaus and offices

Domestic bureaus

Foreign bureaus

Personnel

Current correspondents

Past correspondents

Presidents of CBS News

Reporting Partnerships

In 2017, CBS News entered into a content-sharing agreement with BBC News, respectively replacing similar arrangements with the BBC and ABC News, and CBS and Sky News (which is partially controlled by 21st Century Fox until 2018 when ownership was then transferred to Comcast). The partnership includes the ability to share resources, footage, and reports, and conduct "efficient planning of news gathering resources to increase the content of each broadcaster's coverage of world events". And although they don't have an official partnership, CNN and CBS News share reporters such as Bianna Golodryga and Anderson Cooper.^[16]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/10/17/utility/main525997.shtml?tag=ftr#m | title= CBS News Bios | work=CBS News | accessdate=May 1, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cbs-news-president-leaving-amid-ratings-and-staff-woes-11546836228 |title=CBS News Names Susan Zirinsky as Its First Female President |last=Flint |first=Joe |date=January 6, 2019 |website=wsj.com |access-date=January 7, 2019 }}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/cbs-names-susan-zirinsky-to-lead-news-division-will-replace-david-rhodes-reports |title=CBS names Susan Zirinsky to lead news division, will replace David Rhodes: reports |last=DeMarche |first=Edmund |date=January 7, 2019 |website=foxnews.com |access-date=January 7, 2019}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/david-rhodes-leaving-head-scandal-scarred-cbs-news-n955536 |title=David Rhodes leaving as head of scandal-scarred CBS News |last=Johnson |first=Alex |date=January 6, 2019 |website=nbcnews.com |access-date=January 7, 2019}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/media/2019/01/07/susan-zirinsky-named-first-woman-lead-cbs-news-david-rhodes-departs/2499844002/ |title=Susan Zirinsky named first woman to lead CBS News as David Rhodes departs |last=Snider |first=Mike |date=January 7, 2019 |website=usatoday.com |access-date=January 7, 2019 }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/01/07/after-being-rocked-by-sexual-misconduct-allegations-cbs-news-names-its-first-female-president/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.77a1e7970d2c |title=After being rocked by sexual misconduct allegations, CBS News names its first female president |last=Farzan |first=Antonia Noori |date=January 7, 2019 |website=washingtonpost.com |access-date=January 7, 2019 }}
7. ^¹²³⁴Dunning, John, On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1998 {{ISBN|978-0-19-507678-3}} hardcover; revised edition of Tune In Yesterday (1976)
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?490158 |title=News on the Air dustjacket |publisher=NYPL Digital Gallery |accessdate=2014-05-25}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rtnda.org/resources/speeches/rather3.shtml |title=Dan Rather Accepting the Paul White Award |accessdate=2007-08-06 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806181331/http://www.rtnda.org/resources/speeches/rather3.shtml |archivedate=2007-08-06 |df= }}, Radio Television Digital News Association Conference & Exhibition, September 20, 1997. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
10. ^"Paul White Dies; Radio Newsman". The New York Times, July 10, 1955.
11. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Lewis W. Shollenberger Dies|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1994/03/18/lewis-w-shollenberger-dies/fe1b7a37-5cc5-485b-8a53-5a18953b32e6/|newspaper=Washington Post|location=Washington, D.C.|date=March 18, 1994|access-date=April 26, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://newsinfo.iu.edu/pub/libs/images/usr/7533_h.jpg|title=Everett Holles 1944 WCBW Newscast|publisher=|accessdate=6 January 2018}}
13. ^"The Origins Of Television News In America" by Mike Conway. Chapter: "The Birth of CBS-TV News: Columbia's Ambitious Experiment at the Advent of U.S. Commercial Television". (Peter Lang Publishing, New York NY).
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/48-hours-kicks-off-its-25th-full-season-with-a-fresh-new-line-up-of-crime-and-justice-stories-that-make-a-difference/|title='48 Hours' Kicks Off Its 25th Full Season With a Fresh New Line-Up of Crime and Justice Stories that Make a Difference|date=19 September 2012|publisher=|accessdate=6 January 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/about-the-cbsn-live-streaming-video-channel/|title=CBSN: About the streaming network|publisher=|accessdate=6 January 2018}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cbs-news-bbc-strike-content-sharing-partnership-1020724|title=CBS News, BBC Strike Content Sharing Partnership|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=2017-07-13|language=en}}