词条 | Cel shading |
释义 |
ProcessThe cel-shading process starts with a typical 3D model. Where cel-shading differs from conventional rendering is in its non-photorealistic illumination model. Conventional (smooth) lighting values are calculated for each pixel and then quantized to a small number of discrete shades to create the characteristic flat look – where the shadows and highlights appear as blocks of color rather than being mixed smoothly. Black "ink" outlines and contour lines can be created using a variety of methods. One popular method is to first render a black outline, slightly larger than the object itself. Backface culling is inverted and the back-facing triangles are drawn in black. To dilate the silhouette, these back faces may be drawn in wireframe multiple times with slight changes in translation. Alternatively, back-faces may be rendered solid-filled, with their vertices translated along their vertex normals in a vertex shader. After drawing the outline, back-face culling is set back to normal to draw the shading and optional textures of the object. Finally, the image is composited via Z-buffering, as the back-faces always lie deeper in the scene than the front-faces. The result is that the object is drawn with a black outline and interior contour lines. The term "cel-shading" is popularly used to refer to the application of this "ink" outlining process in animation and games, although originally the term referred to the shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied.[3] The Utah teapot rendered using cel-shading:
Steps 2 and 3 can be combined using multi-texturing (see texture mapping). Another outlining technique is to use 2D image-processing. First, the scene is rendered (with cel-shading) to a screen-sized color texture: Then, the scene's depth and world-space surface normal information are rendered to screen-sized textures: A Sobel filter or similar edge-detection filter is applied to the normal/depth textures to generate an edge texture. Texels on detected edges are black, while all other texels are white: Finally, the edge texture and the color texture are composited to produce the final rendered image: Cel shading in video games{{Main list|List of cel-shaded video games}}Starting in the 2000s, cel shading became synonymous in interactive media with the style of the Dreamcast game Jet Set Radio, but it has been applied in numerous other games over the years, including more recent titles such as Cel Damage, No More Heroes and Chinatown Wars. Other notable examples include The Wind Waker, Viewtiful Joe, Ni No Kuni, Escape Dead Island, Breath of the Wild, The Wolf Among Us, Ōkami, and Ultimate Spider-Man. Gallery{{Gallery|lines=4 |File:Particle in a box cel shaded.png|Two isosurfaces of the probability density of a particle in a box, rendered with cel shading. }} List of cel-shaded mediaVideo games{{Main article|List of cel-shaded video games}}Some prominent games featuring cel shading are the Borderlands series, Jet Set Radio for the Sega Dreamcast, Ultimate Spider-Man for the PlayStation 2, Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus for the PlayStation 2, The Wind Waker for the Nintendo GameCube, Magical Melody for the Nintendo GameCube and Wii, the Katamari series, as well as Breath of the Wild for the Wii U and Nintendo Switch. Cutscenes in Mirror's Edge use a mixture of drawn characters and 3D toon shaded models, with the latter used mostly in vehicles and such. Commercials{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
Television
Film
See also
References1. ^https://docs.unrealengine.com/latest/INT/Resources/Showcases/Stylized/PostProcessing/index.html 2. ^{{cite web |first=Jennifer |last=Hachigian |url= http://www.celshader.com/FAQ.html |title=Celshader.com FAQ |accessdate=August 2, 2005}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Luque|first1=Raul|title=The Cel Shading Technique|date=December 2012|url=http://raulreyesfinalproject.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/dissertation_cell-shading-raul_reyes_luque.pdf | accessdate=December 2, 2014}} External links
5 : Animation techniques|Cel-shaded animation|Computer animation|Shading|Video game graphics |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。