| 词条 | Electra Havemeyer Webb |
| 释义 |
| name =Electra Havemeyer Webb | image =Electra Havemeyer Webb.jpg | caption= | image_size = | birth_name =Electra Havemeyer | birth_date =August 16, 1888 | birth_place =Babylon, New York | death_date =November 19, 1960 | death_place =Burlington, Vermont | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation =Art collector | title = | salary = | networth = | boards = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | religion = | spouse =James Watson Webb II | children = | parents =Henry Osborne Havemeyer and Louisine Elder Havemeyer | relatives = See Havemeyer family | box_width = }}Electra Havemeyer Webb (August 16, 1888 – November 19, 1960) was a collector of American antiques and founder of the Shelburne Museum.[1] Early lifeElectra Havemeyer was born on August 16, 1888. She was the youngest child of Henry Osborne Havemeyer (1847–1907), President of the American Sugar Refining Company, and Louisine Elder (1855–1929). She had two older siblings, Adaline Havemeyer (1884–1963), who married Peter Hood Ballantine Frelinghuysen, and Horace Havemeyer (1886–1956), who married Doris Dick Havemeyer. Her paternal grandparents were Frederick Christian Havemeyer Jr. (1807-1891), and Sarah Louise Henderson Havemeyer (1812-1851). Her maternal grandparents were merchant George W. Elder (1831–1873) and his wife, Matilda Adelaide Waldron (1834–1907). She attended Miss Spence's School and traveled with her family to the American West, France, Italy, Spain, Egypt, Greece and Austria, but did not attend college.[2] CareerDuring World War I, Electra Webb drove an ambulance in New York City, and was named Assistant Director of the Motor Corps.[2] In 1942, during World War II she joined the Civilian Defense Volunteer Organization, and directed the Pershing Square Civil Defense Center and its blood bank.[2] CollectorAlthough she spent her youth among the finest examples of European and Asian material culture, Electra Havemeyer Webb's own collecting took a radical turn. Although she lived with more than twenty extremely fine Impressionist works from her parents' collection in a penthouse at 740 Park Avenue during part of the year, she decorated a small pink farmhouse on {{convert|1000|acre|km2|0|adj=on}} portion of her in-laws' estate with the simple New England furniture and craftwork. Quilts, tiger maple furniture, and hooked rugs filled the homey rooms of her country house. Although a woman of tremendous means, Webb's Vermont home was modest and comfortable in scale. Her "Brick House" survives today as a rare and intact example of the Colonial Revival, providing an intimate glimpse into the life of a pioneer collector of America and founder of the Shelburne Museum. The home was in the Webb family until 2000 when the structure and its contents were acquired by the museum. Following a 4.4 million dollar campaign by the museum to restore the home to Mrs. Webb's decor, the museum was recognized by Preservation Trust of Vermont in 2005 for their efforts in preserving the Brick House.[3] Since 2004, it has been open to the public by reservation for guided tours during the summer months. Shelburne Museum{{Main|Shelburne Museum}}The closing of one of the Webb's other homes, this one near the polo grounds at Old Westbury, unintentionally birthed a museum. The question of what would become of her cigar store Indians, hunting decoys, and weather vanes had to be settled. In 1947 Electra Havemeyer Webb gathered with her friends to create Shelburne Museum. Located near Route 7 in Shelburne, Vermont, Webb's museum became a haven for the handmade objects of another era. A two-hundred-year-old tavern shelters one of the finest collections of weathervanes, trade signs, and primitive portraits on the continent. A rambling old farmhouse is filled with spectacular assemblages of mochaware, pewter, and staffordshire. The finest collection of carriages and sleighs in North America rests in a unique horseshoe barn. Period homes, filled with outstanding collections of early American furniture and accessories, dot the grounds. Rather than confine her eclectic collections to a single modern gallery, Webb chose to create an institution that would showcase her "collection of collections" in fine examples of early American homes and public buildings. A general store, meeting house, log cabin, and a steamship dot the grounds. The entire museum reflects Electra Webb's passion for American art and design, as she treasured a variety of objects. Five rooms from her Park Avenue apartment were installed in a memorial building after her death in 1960, bringing Webb's collection of works by Monet, Manet, and Degas to the museum grounds. A large pastel by Mary Cassatt, showing a young Electra Havemeyer with her mother Louisine, enjoys a place of honor in the entry hall. Electra Havemeyer Webb began to collect "in earnest" in 1911, more than a decade before the founding of Colonial Williamsburg and nearly a half century before authentic American antiques would return to the major rooms of the White House. When she began to gather the remnants of an earlier America there was no National Register of Historic Places. Americans had yet to understand that their heritage was interesting and worthy of preservation. Before there was Henry Francis Dupont's Winterthur, Henry Ford's Greenfield Village, or even the American Wing at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, Webb was an ambitious and well-known collector of Americana. She worked with the finest antique dealers of the era, including Edith Halpert and Harry Newman, to assemble encyclopedic and irreplaceable collections of American material culture. The honesty of everyday objects spoke to Webb, and she used her significant resources to ensure their preservation. Today the museum's Americana collection is one of the world's finest. In 1996 the museum sold $30 million of her artwork, deemed non-essential to the collection, which had been in storage not visible to the public for years. This was to create a collections care endowment, to better preserve the items in the collection.[1] Personal lifeIn 1910, Electra married polo champion James Watson Webb II (1884–1960)[4] of the Vanderbilt family in an elaborate society wedding at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church, New York.[5] He was the son of William Seward Webb and Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt.[5] They had five children:[6][7]
Recognizing her achievements in the museum field, Yale University awarded Electra Havemeyer Webb an honorary Master of Arts degree in 1956.[9] She was the fifth woman to be recognized in this manner. She died on November 19, 1960 at Mary Fletcher Hospital in Burlington, Vermont.[10] Shelburne FarmsElectra's parents-in-law Dr. William Seward Webb and Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt had transformed a collection of rambling lakeside farms on the shore of Vermont's Lake Champlain into a model country estate. The core of property, the Shelburne Farms, survives today as a nonprofit foundation dedicated to fostering innovative agricultural practices. Recalling her first visit to the Webb estate as a young girl Webb declared "I felt as though I was in dreamland," she was smitten by the beauty of Vermont's Champlain Valley. On the Webb estate she enjoyed horseback riding, the 113-foot steam yacht, and one of America's first private nine-hole golf courses. The pastoral landscape and lush grounds of Shelburne Farms would be replicated at Electra Havemeyer Webb's museum. Shelburne Museum is well known for its fine collection of lilacs, peonies, and New England perennials. See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news |author= |title=Museum's Fortunes Rise at Auction |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/13/arts/museum-s-fortunes-rise-at-auction.html?scp=3&sq=Electra%20Havemayer%20Webb%20museum&st=cse |quote=The Shelburne Museum, on 45 acres near Lake Champlain, was started in 1947 by Electra Havemeyer Webb, a daughter of Henry O. Havemeyer, founder of the American Sugar Refining Company, and his wife, Louisine. The museum has been losing money steadily and is said to have had a deficit of more than $300,000 in 1994. ... The decision to sell some of its collection followed two years of debate among the museum's directors, which became so contentious that the board chairman, J. Watson Webb, son of Electra Havemeyer Webb, resigned in January. At the time, Mr. Webb said the museum's plans to sell valuable French Impressionist works given by his mother violated the code of ethics of the American Association of Museums, which forbids the selling of artworks for purposes other than acquiring more art.|work=The New York Times |date=November 13, 1996 |accessdate=2010-10-09 }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Electra Havemeyer Webb|url=http://womenshistory.vermont.gov/?TabId=61&personID=69|work=Vermont Women's History Project|publisher=Vermont.gov|accessdate=8 May 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ptvermont.org/preservation_awards/awards2005.php| title=Preservation Trust Awards 2005| accessdate=February 2, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=J. Watson Webb, Sportsman, Dies. Ex-Polo Star Named in '34 to All-Time U. S. Team. Insurance Executive Here |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/03/05/archives/j-watson-webb-sportsman-dies-expolo-star-named-in-34-to-alltime-u-s.html |quote=Chairman of Webb Lynch, Inc., general insurance brokers at 99 John..... |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 5, 1960 |accessdate=2011-04-07 }} 5. ^1 [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/02/09/104920629.pdf "Miss Havemeyer Bride of J.W. Webb: St. Bartholmew's Crowded at nuptials of Younger Daughter of Late H.O. Havemeyer"] The New York Times, February 9, 1910. Retrieved 2010-03-28. 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Hewes|first=Lauren|title=To Collect in Earnest: The Life and Work of Electra Havemeyer Webb|year=1997|publisher=Shelburne Museum|location=Shelburne, VT|isbn=978-0-939384-21-1|author2=Celia Oliver}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://womenshistory.vermont.gov/?TabId=61&personID=69| title= Vermont Women's History Project, Vermont Historical Society: Electra Havemeyer Webb| accessdate=February 2, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite news |author= |title=J. Watson Webb, Former Head Of the Shelburne (Vt.) Museum |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/14/arts/j-watson-webb-former-head-of-the-shelburne-vt-museum.html?scp=1&sq=Former%20Head%20Of%20the%20Shelburne%20(Vt.)%20Museum&st=cse |quote=J. Watson Webb Jr., the former president and chairman of the Shelburne Museum in Vermont, whose family was among the country's pre-eminent art collectors, died on Saturday in Santa Monica, Calif. He was 84 and had homes in Los Angeles and Shelburne. |work=The New York Times |date=June 14, 2000 |accessdate=2010-10-09 }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Yale Honorary Degree Recipients |url=http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/hondegrees/hondegrees.asp |work=Yale University |accessdate=19 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521015848/http://ris-systech2.its.yale.edu/hondegrees/hondegrees.asp |archivedate=21 May 2015 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Mrs. J. Watson Webb, 72, Dead; Co-Founder of Vermont Museum; Started Shelburne Institution With Husband in 1947. Aided Red Cross in 2 Wars |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B10F93B541A7A93C2AB178AD95F448685F9 |quote=Mrs. Electra Havemeyer Webb of 740 Park Avenue, New York, and Shelburne, widow of J. Watson Webb, an insurance executive and international polo player, died today in Mary Fletcher Hospital. |work=The New York Times |date=November 20, 1960 |accessdate=2010-10-09 }} Further reading
9 : American art collectors|Women art collectors|Havemeyer family|American people of German descent|1888 births|1960 deaths|Museum founders|People from Chittenden County, Vermont|Spence School alumni |
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