“Cessna 170”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Cessna 170 is a light, single-engined, general aviation aircraft produced by the Cessna Aircraft Company between 1948 and 1956.

It is the predecessor of the Cessna 172, which is the most produced aircraft in history.

Development

170

In late 1948, Cessna began sales of the 170, with a metal fuselage and tail and fabric-covered constant-chord wings. These earliest 170s were four-seat versions of the popular 140 with a more powerful {{convert|145|hp|abbr=on}} Continental C145-2 and larger fuel tanks. Like the 140, they were constructed of metal with fabric-covered wings supported by a "V" strut.

170A

In 1949 Cessna began marketing the 170A, an all-metal 170 with zero-dihedral wing tapered outboard of the slightly-enlarged plain flaps, and a single strut replacing the "V" strut of the 170. This and subsequent versions of the 170 shared the fin/rudder shape of the larger Cessna 190 and 195 models.

305

In 1950, the United States Air Force, Army and Marines began using the military variant of the 170, the Model 305, designated the L-19 and later O-1 Bird Dog by the military. It was used as a forward air control and reconnaissance aircraft. The Bird Dog was extensively redesigned from the basic 170 and included a revised tandem-seat fuselage and a wing with large modified Fowler flaps that deployed up to 60°.

170B

In 1952, the Cessna 170B was introduced, featuring a new wing tapered outboard of the flaps, incorporating dihedral similar to the military version. The B model was equipped with very effective modified Fowler (slotted, rearward-traveling) wing flaps which deflect up to 40°,^[1] adapted from the C-305/Bird Dog, a wing design that lives on in the Cessna light singles of today (constant NACA 2412 section with a chord of {{convert|64|in|mm}} from centerline to {{convert|100|in|mm}} (the outboard end of the flaps), then tapering to {{convert|44|in|mm|adj=on}} NACA 2412 section chord at 208 inches from centerline, with three-degree washout across the tapered section). The 170B model also included a new tailplane, a revised tailwheel bracket, and other refinements over the 170 and 170A. It was marketed in 1952 for $7245.^[2]

In 1955, the previously elliptical rear side windows were changed to a squarer design.

Successor

The 170 is equipped with conventional landing gear, which is more challenging to land than tricycle landing gear. In 1956, Cessna introduced a replacement for the 170 that was essentially a nosewheel-equipped 170B with a square tailfin, designated the 172. 170 production was halted soon after the 172 became available.

Model 309 and 319

Between 1951 and 1955 Cessna used modifications of the 170 and its derivative, the U.S. Army L-19, as test beds for Boundary layer control research, under contract to the Office of Naval Research and the Army Transportation Corps,designating them as the models 309 and 319. The project was done in conjunction with the University of Wichita which conducted extensive wind tunnel tests of the concept. The model 309 utilized the German World War II Arado lift-increasing system in which a jet pump inside the wing sucked in stagnant air from the flap area, energized it and blew the higher-speed air over the ailerons. Various chemicals and enhancements were used to power the jet pump. Better results were obtained by departing from the Arado jet pump method and using an engine-driven generator to power electric motors driving axial fans to move the internal air.^[3]

This concept was adopted on the Model 319 but substituted an engine-driven hydraulic pump to drive hydraulic-powered axial fans. This model was more successful and resulted in the highest lift capacity, as measured by the maximum lift coefficient recorded up to that time. The 319 demonstrated the capability of taking off in {{convert|190|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, landing in {{convert|160|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} and clearing a {{convert|50|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} obstacle in {{convert|450|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}. The aircraft had a stall speed of {{convert|28|kn|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.^[3]

The 309 and 319 were meant to be research aircraft only, and no plans were developed to incorporate boundary layer control technology in then-current Cessna models. An adaptation of the concept, used only to improve landing performance, was incorporated in U.S. Cold War fighter aircraft like the United States Air Force Lockheed F-104 Starfighter and the multi-service McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II.^[4]

Today

Specifications (170B)

|genhide=
|crew=1
|capacity=3 passengers
|length m=
|length ft=24
|length in=11+1/2
|span m=
|span ft=36
|span in=
|height m=
|height ft=6
|height in=7
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=174
|aspect ratio=7.46:1
|airfoil=NACA 2412
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=1205
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=2200
|fuel capacity={{convert|42|USgal|L impgal|abbr=on}}

|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=140
|max speed kts=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=120
|cruise speed kts=
|stall speed mph=52
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=15500
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=690
|endurance=over 4.5 hours
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}