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词条 Chaat
释义

  1. Overview

  2. History

  3. Regions

  4. Types of chaat

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{for|the Lebanese town|Chaat, Lebanon}}{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}{{Infobox food
| name = Chaat
| image = Bhalla Papri Chaat with saunth chutney.jpg
| caption = Bhalla Papri chaat in dahi (yogurt) with Saunth chutney
| alternate_name = Saat (Sylhet)
| country = India
| region = Odisha, Uttar Pradesh& Madhya Pradesh
| creator =
| type = Snack
| served =
| main_ingredient =
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}Chaat ({{lang-hi|चाट}}, {{lang-ne|चाट}}, {{Lang-or|ଚାଟ୍}}, {{lang-bn|চাট}}, {{lang-ur|چاٹ}}) is a savory snack that originated in India, typically served as an hors d'oeuvre at roadside tracks from stalls or food carts across the Indian subcontinent in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh.[1][2] With its origins in Uttar Pradesh, India,[3] chaat has become immensely popular in the rest of the Indian subcontinent. The word derives from Hindi cāṭ चाट (tasting, a delicacy), from cāṭnā चाटना (to lick), from Prakrit caṭṭei चट्टेइ (to devour with relish, eat noisily).[4]

Overview

The chaat variants are all based on fried dough, with various other ingredients. The original chaat is a mixture of potato pieces, crisp fried bread dahi vada or dahi bhalla, gram or chickpeas and tangy-salty spices, with sour Indian chili and saunth (dried ginger and tamarind sauce), fresh green coriander leaves and yogurt for garnish, but other popular variants included aloo tikkis or samosa (garnished with onion, coriander, hot spices and a dash of curd), bhel puri, dahi puri, panipuri, dahi vada, papri chaat, and sev puri.

There are common elements among these variants including dahi (yogurt); chopped onions and coriander; Sev (thin dried yellow salty noodles); and chaat masala, typically consisting of amchoor (dried mango powder), cumin, Kala Namak (rock salt), coriander, dried ginger, salt, black pepper, and red pepper. The ingredients are combined and served on a small metal plate or a banana leaf, dried and formed into a bowl.

History

Most chaats originated in some parts of Uttar Pradesh in India,[5] but they are now eaten all across the Indian Sub-continent. Some are results of cultural syncretism - for instance, pav bhaji (Bread/bun with cooked and mashed vegetables) originated in Mumbai[6][7] but reflects a Portuguese influence{{cn|date=February 2019}}, in the form of a bun, and bhel puri and Sevpuri, which originated in Mumbai, Maharashtra.[8]

Regions

In cities where chaat is popular, there are popular chaathouses or dhabas, such as Mumbai's Chowpatty Beach. The chaat specialities vary from city to city. Chaat from Delhi (from where it originated in its current form), Lucknow,[9] Azamgarh, Varanasi, Agra, Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, and Mathura are famous throughout India. In Hyderabad, chaat is mostly prepared by vendors hailing from Bihar, and is different in taste.

Types of chaat

  • Aloo chaat - Potatoes (aloo in Hindi) cut into small pieces, fried till crisp and served with chutney
  • Aloo tikki
  • Bedmi - Puri stuffed with dal and fried till crisp. Typically served with aloo sabji and eaten for breakfast
  • Bhalla/aloo tikki
  • Bhelpuri
  • Ragda Patties (Aloo Tikki Chaat)
  • Cheela- Besan pancakes served with chutney and Sooth_(chutney) (sweet chutney)
  • Chotpoti, mixture of boiled diced potatoes, boiled chickpeas and sliced onions and chillies with grated eggs on top. Many kinds of roasted spice powder are used in its preparation.
  • Dahi puri
  • Dahi vada
  • Kachori- or Kachauri, with variants such as Khasta Kachuari
  • Mangode - Similar to pakora, but besan paste is replaced with yellow moong paste
  • Pakora - Different things such as paneer, vegetable dipped in besan (chickpea/gram flour) paste and fried.
  • Panipuri/gol gappa
  • Masalapuri
  • Chana chaat
  • Papri chaat - This contains fried patty called papri as an extra ingredient.
  • Samosa chaat - samosa is broken into pieces with green and sweet chutney added to it.
  • Sevpuri
  • Pav bhaji
  • Pav vada
  • Dahi bhallay ki chaat (bhallay, potatoes, chickpeas, imli chutney, chaat masala, onions, tomatoes, curd (Dahi) etc.)
  • Beetroot & potato chaat[10]
  • Dhaka chaat[11]
  • Paneer chaat puri
  • Thattu Vadai Set[12]
  • Soya Moong ki Chaat - This contains ginger, onion, green chillies, turmeric powder, coriander, soya nuggets, green moong, refined flour, fennel seeds and sweetened curd.[13] It is often garnished with mint leaves, coriander leaves and tamarind chutney.[14]

See also

  • List of Indian snack foods
  • List of tapas (Spanish snacks)
  • {{portal-inline|Food}}
  • Indore

References

1. ^{{cite web |first=Sanjay |last=Thumma |authorlink=Sanjay Thumma |publisher=Vahrehvah.com |location=Hyderabad, India |title=Chaat Recipes |url=http://www.vahrehvah.com/Chaat_Recipes.php |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103083129/http://www.vahrehvah.com/Chaat_Recipes.php |archivedate=2012-11-03 |accessdate=2012-11-27}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd/detail.php?article_id=195&content_type=0&doc_type=5 |title=The Chaat Business |website=infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd |language=bn |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121129011150/http://infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd/detail.php?article_id=195&content_type=0&doc_type=5# |archive-date=2012-11-29 |access-date=2012-10-17 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=10 Best Recipes From Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi/ Agra / Mathura )|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|work=NDTV|date=25 October 2013|accessdate=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034511/http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213#|archive-date=2013-10-28|dead-url=yes|df=}}
4. ^Oxford English Dictionary. Chaat. Mar. 2005 Online edition. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
5. ^{{cite web|title=10 Best Recipes From Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi/ Agra / Mathura )|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|work=NDTV|date=25 October 2013|accessdate=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034511/http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213#|archive-date=2013-10-28|dead-url=yes|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|last1=Patrao|first1=Michael|title=Taking pride in our very own pav|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/32025/else-where.html|website=Deccan Herald|publisher=The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd|accessdate=31 May 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Patel|first1=Aakar|title=What Mumbaikars owe to the American Civil War: ‘pav bhaji’|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/jydWXXQfOONBU8jaCtLAXO/What-Mumbaikars-owe-to-the-American-Civil-War-8216pav-bh.html|website=Live Mint|publisher=HT Media Limited|accessdate=31 May 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=CHOICE TABLES; Wide World of Food in the Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/27/travel/choice-tables-wide-world-of-food-in-the-capital.html?pagewanted=4|accessdate=19 March 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=27 November 1994}}
9. ^{{cite news |last=Mehrotra |first=Akash |date=27 February 2015 |title=Lucknow Food Trail: 10 Lucknowi delicacies and best eateries to savour them |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-lucknow-food-trail-10-lucknowi-delicacies-and-best-eateries-to-savour-them-2064705 |newspaper=DNA}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=Moghul |first=Sobiya N. |date=25 October 2013 |title=Beetroot and potato chaat recipe |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-25/recipes/42481180_1_beetroot-canola-oil-chaat |newspaper=The Times of India |accessdate=2013-11-15}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=D.Nath|first=Subha|title=Dhaka chaat|url=https://chat24x7.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/popular-snacks-chaat-of-Dhaka-at-evening.pdf}}
12. ^{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=S.P. |date=28 October 2015 |title=Salem's own evening Snack |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=2018-01-22 |language=en}}
13. ^{{cite book |author=Authentic Cookbooks|title=Delicious Indian Chaat Snacks Recipes: Mouthwatering Snacks|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=osw4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT4&dq=chaat+recipe&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCpujTxbDfAhUCAXwKHU_2CAIQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=chaat%20recipe&f=false}}
14. ^{{cit web|author=Ranveer Brar|url=https://livingfoodz.com/recipes/soya-moong-ki-chaat-1447|title=Soya Moong ki Chaat|publisher=Livingfoodz.com}}

External links

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