“Champ de Mars”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Champ de Mars ({{IPA-fr|ʃɑ̃ də maʁs}} ; {{lang-en|Field of Mars}}) is a large public greenspace in Paris, France, located in the seventh arrondissement, between the Eiffel Tower to the northwest and the École Militaire to the southeast. The park is named after the Campus Martius ("Mars Field") in Rome, a tribute to the Latin name of the Roman God of war. The name also alludes to the fact that the lawns here were formerly used as drilling and marching grounds by the French military.

The nearest Métro stations are La Motte-Picquet–Grenelle, École Militaire, and Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel, an RER suburban-commuter-railway station. A disused station, Champ de Mars is also nearby.

History

Originally, the Champ de Mars was part of a large flat open area called Grenelle, which was reserved for market gardening. Citizens would claim small plots and exploit them by growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers for the local market. However, the plain of Grenelle was not an especially fertile place for farming.

The construction, in 1765, of the École Militaire designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, was the first step toward the Champ de Mars in its present form. Grounds for military drills were originally planned for an area south of the school, the current location of the place de Fontenoy. The choice to build an esplanade to the north of the school led to the erection of the noble facade which today encloses the Champ de Mars. The planners leveled the ground, surrounded it with a large ditch and a long avenue of elms, and, as a final touch, the esplanade was enclosed by a fine grille-work fence.

The Isle of Swans, formerly a riverine islet at the location of the northeastern foot of the Eiffel Tower, was, for the sake of symmetry and pleasing perspectives, attached to the shore. (Note that the Isle of Swans discussed here should not be confused with the Isle of Swans that sits in the middle of the Seine downstream and around the next bend in the river, between the fifteenth and sixteenth arrondissements.)

This place witnessed the spectacle and pageantry of some of the best-remembered festivals of the French Revolution. On 14 July 1790 the first "Federation Day" celebration (fête de la Fédération), now known as Bastille Day, was held on the Champ de Mars, exactly one year after the storming of the prison. The following year, on 17 July 1791, the massacre on the Champ de Mars took place. Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first mayor of Paris, became a victim of his own revolution and was guillotined there on 12 November 1793.

The Champ de Mars was also the site of the Festival of the Supreme Being on 8 June 1794. With a design by the painter Jacques-Louis David,^[2] a massive "Altar of the Nation" was built atop an artificial mountain and surmounted by a tree of liberty.^[3] The festival is regarded as the most successful of its type in the Revolution.^[4]

The Champ de Mars was the site of Expositions Universelles in 1867, 1878, 1889, 1900, and 1937.

In art, culture, film and sport

Art and culture

In 2012 the United Buddy Bears exhibit was held on the Champ de Mars, an international art exhibition with more than 140 two-meter-tall bears representing individual countries. They promote peace, love, tolerance and international understanding and are displayed across the planet. They stand at Champ de Mars in Paris, fronting the Eiffel Tower.^[5]

Use in film and television

Champ de Mars was used as a filming location in the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill, in which Bond (played for the last time by Roger Moore) drove a Renault 11 taxi which he had hijacked at the Eiffel Tower in pursuit of a mysterious assassin, later revealed to be May Day (Grace Jones).^[6]

Sports

The Champ de Mars will be the site of Beach Volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics and of five-a-side football at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

Gallery

See also

References

1. ^Medal commemorating Charles and Robert’s balloon ascent, Paris, 1783 from Science and Society, 2010.
2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=6_2wkP4j-EsC&lpg=PR1&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false Encyclopedia of the age of political revolutions and new ideologies: 1760 - 1815], Gregory Fremont-Barnes; Greenwood Press, CT, 2007; [https://books.google.com/books?id=6_2wkP4j-EsC&lpg=PR1&pg=PA237#v=onepage&q&f=false p.237]
3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=QhyjQgAACAAJ&dq=A+Cultural+History+of+the+French+Revolution&hl=en&ei=k3NOTJ2qEIP98Abx1q31BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA A Cultural History of the French Revolution], Emmet Kennedy; Yale Univ. Press, 1989; p.345.
4. ^Kennedy, 1989; p.345.
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/franceparisphotosthree.htm|title=Worldatlas: United Buddy Bears in Paris in 2012|publisher=Worldatlas.com|accessdate=18 October 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090264/locations|title=A View to a Kill (1985)|work=IMDb|accessdate=18 October 2014}}