“Charleville-Mézières”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Charleville-Mézières ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁləvil mezjɛʁ}}) is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region. Charleville-Mézières is located on the banks of the Meuse River.

History

Charleville and Mézières were originally separate communities on opposite banks of the Meuse, about a mile {{nowrap|(2 km)}} distant from one another.{{sfnp|EB|1878|loc="Charleville"}}

Charleville was founded by Charles Gonzaga, the 8th duke of Mantua, in 1606. Its inhabitants were known as Carolopolitans ({{lang|fr|Carolopolitains}}). It was prosperous from the 17th century, although its fortifications were dismantled under Louis{{nbsp}}XIV in 1687 and it passed into French hands in 1708. It was plundered by the Prussians in 1815. France's royal armaments factory was formerly located there and gave its name to the Charleville musket, before being relocated and divided between Tulle and Châtellerault. In the 19th century, the city continued to produce arms through private firms, as well as nails, hardware, wine, spirits, coal, iron, and slate. It boasted a spacious port, a theatre, a large public library, and a museum of natural history.{{sfnp|EB|1878|loc="Charleville"}}

The inhabitants of Mézières were known as Macerians ({{lang|fr|Macériens}}).

By the mid-19th century, the two towns were linked by a suspension bridge.{{sfnp|EB|1878|loc="Charleville"}} The present commune was established in 1966. Another commune, Le Theux, had already been merged into Mézières in 1965. It has a population of about 51,000.

Climate

{{Weather box
|location = Charleville-Mézières (1981–2010 averages)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 15.0
|Feb record high C = 17.5
|Mar record high C = 22.0
|Apr record high C = 28.1
|May record high C = 30.7
|Jun record high C = 34.9
|Jul record high C = 35.3
|Aug record high C = 37.0
|Sep record high C = 30.7
|Oct record high C = 27.7
|Nov record high C = 19.9
|Dec record high C = 15.6
|year record high C = 37.0
|Jan high C = 5.1
|Feb high C = 6.6
|Mar high C = 10.8
|Apr high C = 14.6
|May high C = 18.8
|Jun high C = 21.6
|Jul high C = 24.1
|Aug high C = 23.7
|Sep high C = 19.6
|Oct high C = 14.9
|Nov high C = 9.1
|Dec high C = 5.7
|year high C = 14.6
|Jan low C = -0.5
|Feb low C = -0.7
|Mar low C = 1.6
|Apr low C = 3.3
|May low C = 7.3
|Jun low C = 10.2
|Jul low C = 12.1
|Aug low C = 11.7
|Sep low C = 8.9
|Oct low C = 6.2
|Nov low C = 2.7
|Dec low C = 0.5
|year low C = 5.3
|Jan record low C = -17.5
|Feb record low C = -16.7
|Mar record low C = -13.8
|Apr record low C = -8.5
|May record low C = -4.4
|Jun record low C = -2.4
|Jul record low C = 1.7
|Aug record low C = 0.4
|Sep record low C = -2.0
|Oct record low C = -6.7
|Nov record low C = -11.8
|Dec record low C = -16.4
|year record low C = -17.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 102.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 77.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 82.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 62.7
|May precipitation mm = 69.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 70.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 74.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 70.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 67.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 88.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 86.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 106.3
|year precipitation mm = 958.4
|Jan precipitation days = 13.7
|Feb precipitation days = 11.3
|Mar precipitation days = 13.3
|Apr precipitation days = 10.9
|May precipitation days = 11.3
|Jun precipitation days = 10.4
|Jul precipitation days = 10.0
|Aug precipitation days = 9.6
|Sep precipitation days = 10.2
|Oct precipitation days = 11.8
|Nov precipitation days = 12.9
|Dec precipitation days = 14.1
|year precipitation days = 139.5
|Jan sun = 53.6
|Feb sun = 66.5
|Mar sun = 118.5
|Apr sun = 163.5
|May sun = 186.6
|Jun sun = 195.2
|Jul sun = 206.3
|Aug sun = 196.9
|Sep sun = 143.5
|Oct sun = 97.2
|Nov sun = 45.6
|Dec sun = 42.6
|year sun = 1515.9
|source 1= Météo France^[2]^[3]
}}

Population

Culture

Puppetry is an important part of the cultural life of Charleville-Mézières, which is called the "World Capital of Puppetry Arts". An international puppet festival has been held there every three years since 1961, and became a biennial event in 2011.^[4] The town is also home to the world headquarters of UNIMA^[5] as well as the International Puppetry Institute (French: Institut International de la Marionnette),^[6] which is housed in a historic building featuring a giant automaton of a puppeteer who performs a puppet show every hour on the hour. The École Nationale Supérieure des Arts de la Marionnette (ESNAM), a college which offers a higher education in puppetry, is also situated in Charleville-Mézières.

The poet Arthur Rimbaud (1854–1891) was born in Charleville. The {{Interlanguage link multi|Rimbaud museum|fr|3=Musée Rimbaud}} is located in the old water mill (Le Vieux Moulin) to the north of the town.

Transport

City buses are run by TAC,^[8] Transports de l’Agglomération de Charleville-Mézières. The Gare de Charleville-Mézières railway station offers connections to Paris (by TGV), Reims, Lille, Metz and regional destinations.

Sport

OFC Charleville represent the town at association football. Étoile de Charleville-Mézières is a basketball club.

Famous residents

International relations

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/esl/comparateur.asp?codgeo=com-08105|title=Insee - Chiffres cls : Commune de Charleville-Mzires (08105)|publisher=Insee.fr|accessdate=2015-09-05}}
2. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/charleville-mezieres/08105005/normales| title = Données climatiques de la station de Charleville-Mézières| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = December 30, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.meteofrance.com/climat/france/champagne-ardenne/regi21/normales| title = Climat Champagne-Ardenne| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = December 30, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-marionnette.com/fr/article-category/l-association/l-histoire|title=L'histoire|work=Festival-marionnette.com|accessdate=2015-09-05}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://unima.org|title=UNIMA: Accueil|work=Unima.org|accessdate=2015-09-05}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marionnette.com/|title=INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE LA MARIONNETTE - IIM|accessdate=2015-09-05}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marionnette.com/en/Esnam/Presentation/|title=Website of IIM and ESNAM|accessdate=2018-09-05}}
8. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421230536/http://www.bus-tac.com/ |date=21 April 2010 }}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Les villes jumelles|url=http://www.charleville-mezieres.fr/Culture-patrimoine-et-jumelages/Les-jumelages-et-la-cooperation-decentralisee/Les-villes-jumelles|website=charleville-mezieres.fr|accessdate=8 January 2015}}