| 词条 | Chatham Island | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Chatham Island | local_name = Rekohu (Moriori) Wharekauri (Māori) | image_name = Chatham Islands from space ISS005-E-15265.jpg | image_caption = Chatham Island (left) from space | map_image = Chatham-Islands map topo en.svg | map_caption = Map showing location of Chatham Island | nickname = | coordinates = {{Coord|43|54|S|176|29|W|dim:50000_region:NZ|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = Chatham Islands | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = 920 | length_km = | width_km = | highest_mount = | elevation_m = | population = 600 | population_as_of = 2013 | density_km2 = | ethnic_groups = Moriori | country = New Zealand | additional_info = }}Chatham Island is by far the largest island of the Chatham Islands group, in the south Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is said to be "halfway between the equator and the pole, and right on the International Date Line", though the point (180°, 45°S) in fact lies ca. 173 miles WSW of the island's westernmost point. The island is called Rekohu ("misty skies") in Moriori, and Wharekauri in Māori.[1] The island was named after the survey ship HMS Chatham which was the first European ship to locate the island in 1791.[2] It covers an area of {{Convert|920|km2|0}}.[3] Chatham Island lies {{convert|650|km|0|abbr=on}} south-east of Cape Turnagain, the nearest point of mainland New Zealand to the island. GeographyThe geography of the roughly T-shaped island is dominated by three features: two bays and a lagoon. More than half of the west coast of Chatham is taken up by the deep indentation of Petre Bay. The island's main settlement of Waitangi is located in a small indentation in Petre Bay's southern coast. Other significant settlements are Kaingaroa on the northeast promontory, and Owenga on the south side of Hanson Bay. On the east coast is the even larger Hanson Bay, which stretches for the entire length of the island ({{convert|35|km}}).[4] Much of the area between the bays is taken up by the large Te Whanga Lagoon, which drains to the sea to the east, into the southern half of Hanson Bay. This lagoon covers about {{Convert|160|km2|0}},[5] and drains several small rivers that rise in the hills at the south end of the island. The next largest lakes are Rangitai and Huro, respectively northeast and southwest of Te Whanga.[6] The central and north part of Chatham Island are mostly flat, with altitudes raging from a few metres on the northeast and centre to 50 m on the northwest, but with a few scattered hillocks.[6] The south part is higher, generally sloping down towards north and west; about half of it is over 150 m above sea level. The south coast of the island is mostly cliffs 100 m high or more. The highest point of the island (299 m) lies close to its southernmost point.[6] {{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
Flora and faunaChatham Island hosts the only known breeding populations of the endemic and critically endangered Magenta petrel, as well as the endangered Black Robin. In popular cultureChatham Island (or "Isle") is featured in the first and in the final chapter of Cloud Atlas, the 2004 novel by David Mitchell. The novel was adapted for screen.[7] See also
References1. ^Government of New Zealand, Dept. of Conservation (1999) Chatham IslandsConservation Management Strategy {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607050552/http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/about-doc/role/policies-and-plans/chatham-islands-cms.pdf# |date=7 June 2011 }}. Retrieved 13 July 2012. {{Chatham Islands}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Steven Hooper|title=Pacific Encounters: Art & Divinity in Polynesia 1760-1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2S55LTEAogC&pg=PA119|accessdate=17 July 2012|date=30 July 2006|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3084-7|page=119}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/chatham-islands/1 |title=Story: Chatham Islands Page 1 – Overview |author= |date=7 September 2012 |work=web page |publisher=The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate=15 December 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://keaimages.com/p993457068/h39466780#h39466780 |title=Chatham Island Wildlife & Landscapes |author=Ross Curtis |year=2011 |work=web page |publisher=Ross Curtis |accessdate=14 December 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/chatham-islands/6/4|title=Te Whanga Lagoon|author= |date=7 September 2012 |work=web page |publisher=The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate=15 December 2012}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 Chatham Island, NZ Topo Map. Retrieved 14 July 2012. 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/nov2012/clou-n02.shtml | title=Cloud Atlas: Six stories in search of a genuine connection | date=2 November 2012 | accessdate=19 November 2012 | author=Walsh, David}} 2 : Islands of the Chatham Islands|Chatham Island |
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