| 词条 | Chaudhry Muhammad Ali |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Chaudhry Mohammad Ali | native_name = محمد علی | native_name_lang = ur | honorific_suffix = | image = Chaudhry Mohammad Ali.jpg | image_upright = | smallimage = | alt = | caption = | order = 4th Prime Minister of Pakistan | office = | term_start = 12 August 1955 | term_end = 12 September 1956 | alongside = | monarch = Elizabeth II {{small|(6 February 1952–23 March 1956)}} | president = Iskander Mirza | governor_general = Iskander Mirza {{small|(12 August 1955–23 March 1956)}} | primeminister = | taoiseach = | chancellor = | governor = | vicepresident = | viceprimeminister = | deputy = | lieutenant = | succeeding = | parliamentarygroup = | constituency = | majority = | predecessor = Mohammad Ali Bogra | successor = Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy | prior_term = | order2 = Minister of Defence | office2 = | term_start2 = 12 August 1955 | term_end2 = 12 September 1956 | deputy2 = Akhter Husain {{small|(Defence Secretary)}} | lieutenant2 = | succeeding2 = | predecessor2 = General Ayub Khan | successor2 = H. S. Suhrawardy | parliamentarygroup2= | constituency2 = | majority2 = | prior_term2 = | order3 = Minister of Finance | office3 = | term_start3 = 24 October 1951 | term_end3 = 11 August 1955 | deputy3 = Mumtaz Hasan {{small|(Finance Secretary)}} | primeminister3 = | predecessor3 = Ghulam Muhammad | successor3 = Amjad Ali | order4 = Federal Secretary | office4 = | alongside4 = | term_start4 = 14 August 1947 | term_end4 = 24 October 1955 | order5 = Finance Secretary of Pakistan | office5 = | 1blankname5 = {{nowrap|Minister}} | 1namedata5 = Ghulam Muhammad | alongside5 = Sir Victor Turner | term_start5 = 14 August 1947 | term_end5 = 12 September 1948 | order6 = Finance Secretary | office6 = | term_start6 = 2 September 1946 | term_end6 = 14 August 1947 | 1blankname6 = {{nowrap|Minister}} | 1namedata6 = Liaquat Ali Khan | predecessor6 = Ghulam Muhammad | successor6 = Sir Victor Turner {{small|(as Finance Secretary)}} | order7 = President of Pakistan Muslim League | office7 = | term_start7 = 12 August 1955 | term_end7 = 12 September 1956 | predecessor7 = Mohammad Ali | successor7 = I. I. Chundrigar | pronunciation = | birth_name = Chaudhry Muhammad All | birth_date ={{birth date|1905|7|15|df=y}} | birth_place =Jullunder, Punjab, British India (Present-day, Jalandhar, Punjab, India) | death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|12|02|1905|07|15}} | death_place = DHA Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship =British India {{small|(1905–47)}} Pakistani {{small|(1947–80)}} | nationality = | party =Muslim League {{small|(1936-1980)}} | otherparty = | height = | spouse = | partner = | relations = | children = 2 including sons: Khalid and Amjad | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | residence = | education = | alma_mater =Punjab University {{small|(BSc and MSc in Chem.)}} | occupation = | profession =Civil servant, politician | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website =Muhammad Ali Official website }} Chaudhry Muhammad Ali ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|چوہدری محمد علی}}}} 15 July 1905 – 2 December 1980), best known as Muhammad Ali, was the fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan , appointed on 12 August 1955 until being removed through a successful passage of vote of no confidence motion in the National Assembly on 12 September 1956.[1]{{self-published inline|date=January 2019}} His credibility is noted for promulgating the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan lost political endorsement from his party when failing to investigate the allegations on vote rigging and the secret defections in favor of the Republican Party.[2] BiographyMuhammad Ali was born in Jullundar, Punjab in India on 15 July 1905.[3] His family were Arain clan.[4][5] The prefix, Chaudhry, added before his name to represent his family's land holding status.[6] After his matriculation, Muhammad Ali showed great aptitude for science, first moving to attend the Punjab University in Lahore where he read and graduated with BSc degree in Chemistry in 1925.[7] In 1927, Muhammad Ali attained MSc in Chemistry from Punjab University, and lectured at the Islamia College until 1928.[8][7][2][9] In 1928, Muhammad Ali went to join the Indian Civil Service, first working as an accountant at the Audit and Accounts Service and was deputed to audit the Bahawalpur state.[3] In 1936, Muhammad Ali was moved as Private Secretary to James Grigg, the Finance minister of India, who later appointed him as the First Indian financial adviser when Grigg was appointed as the War Secretary in 1945.[3] In 1946-47, Muhammad Ali was selected to serve as one of two secretaries to the Partition Council presided over by Lord Mountbatten, later appointed as Finance Secretary at the Ministry of Finance.[3] Over this issue of partition, Muhammad Ali worked with H.M. Patel and Walter Christir to prepare a document titled The Administrative Consequences of Partition.[10] By the time of the India's partition in 1947, Muhammad Ali was one of the senior Indian civil service officer in India, and decided to opted for Pakistan on 15 August 1947.[11] After the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, Muhammad Ali was moved as the Finance Secretary under Finance Minister Sir Ghulam Muhammad, alongside with Victor Turner, but this appointment lasted until 1948 due a cabinet reshuffle.[3] He was appointed as the Federal Secretary at the Establishment Division, and aided greatly in setting up the civil bureaucracy and preparing the nation's first federal budget presented by Finance Minister Sir Ghulam Muhammad in 1951.[3] Prime Minister of PakistanIn 1951, Muhammad Ali was appointed as the Finance Minister by Prime Minister K. Nazimuddin and was announced to be kept in the Finance ministry in Bogra's Talent ministry in 1953.[12] On 11 August 1955, Muhammad Ali was appointed as the Prime Minister of Pakistan by then-Governor-General Iskandar Mirza, upon the dismissal of the Bogra's Talent administration.[2] After taking oath from the Chief Justice M. Munir, Prime Minister Ali placed a great emphasis on drafting of the Constitution of Pakistan, and supported Bogra's One Unit scheme despite the opposition.[13] He favored French architect Michel Ecochard over Greek architect Constantinos Doxiadis over the planning of new capital in 1955, though the project nonetheless went Doxiadis in 1960s.[14] It was during his term when the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on 23 March 1956 where the nation-state was declared as Islamic Republic with a parliamentary form.[15] His premiership was endorsed by President Iskandar Mirza and the three-party coalition government composing of Awami League, Muslim League and the Republican Party at the National Assembly.[2] In 1955, Prime Minister Ali took over the party presidency.[2] Despite his feat, Prime Minister Muhammad Ali proved to be a poor politician who failed to maintain control over his party when he reached a compromise to dismissed the cabinet members of his own party in favor of appointing the cabinet composing of Republican Party and Awami League in 1955-56.[2] After appointing Abdul Jabbar Khan as the Chief minister of West-Pakistan who subsequently helped in secret trading in favor of Republican Party that made the Republicans in majority in the National Assembly, the Muslim League demanded its president to investigate the matter but Prime Minister Ali refused to support the parliamentary resolution in the National Assembly by believing that "he was responsible only to the Cabinet and the Parliament, not the party."[2] On 8 September 1956, the parliamentary leaders of the Muslim League under A.Q. Khan, successfully brought the motion of no confidence at the National Assembly that effectively removed him from the party's presidency.[2] Despite support from the Republican Party and President Mirza, Prime Minister Ali eventually resigned from the office of Prime Minister of Pakistan when Huseyn S. Suhrawardy had gained support from the Muslim League for the premiership.[11] After his resignation, Ali went to corporate sector and joined the National Bank as an economist but tried playing a role in national politics in 1960s but was ostracized by the Muslim League due to his political role played in 1950s.[11] His son, Khalid Anwer, is a well-known lawyer and constitutional expert, who served as the Law and Justice minister in Sharif's administrations while his younger son is Dr. Amjad Ahsan Ali is well known medical doctor. In 1967, he wrote his memoirs and passed away due to a cardiac arrest on 2 December 1980 in estate in Karachi where he was buried.[16] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Hasanie|first1=Ali Abbas|title=Democracy in Pakistan: Crises, Conflicts and Hope for a Change|date=2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=9781481790680|page=110|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wcxh_ZIwK-MC&pg=PA110&dq=chaudhry+muhammad+ali+Prime+Minister+resigned|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|displayauthors=et.al.|author1=staff writers|title=Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Becomes Prime Minister|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/chaudhry-muhammad-ali-becomes-prime-minister|website=www.storyofpakistan.com|publisher=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust|accessdate=29 January 2018|location=Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=1 June 2003}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|last1=et.al.|first1=staff writers|title=Chaudhry Muhammad Ali–Former Prime Minister of Pakistan|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/chaudhry-muhammad-ali|website=www.storyofpakistan.com|publisher=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust|accessdate=11 April 2016|location=Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan|language=en-pk|date=1 June 2003}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Burki|first1=Shahid Javed|last2=Baxter|first2=Craig|last3=LaPorte|first3=Robert|last4=Azfar|first4=Kamal|title=Pakistan Under the Military: Eleven Years of Zia Ul-Haq|date=1991|publisher=Westview Press|location=New York City|isbn=9780813379852|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UG5uAAAAMAAJ&dq=chaudhry+muhammad+ali+arain&q=most+civil+servant+|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en-us}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Naz|first1=Huma|title=Bureaucratic Elites & Political Developments in Pakistan, 1947-58|date=1990|publisher=National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University|url=https://books.google.com/?id=AteNAAAAMAAJ&dq=Chaudhry+Muhammad+Ali+first+Indian+adviser&q=+Mohammad+Ali|page=157|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DfeBAAAAMAAJ&q=chowdhury+title+brahmin&dq=chowdhury+title+brahmin|page=204|publisher=Anthropology Survey of India|year=2002}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kumarasingham|first1=H.|title=Constitution-making in Asia: Decolonisation and State-Building in the Aftermath of the British Empire|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=9781317245100|page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YQfeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106&dq=muhammad+ali+Prime+Minister+secretary&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCvKefjvzYAhXkmeAKHeG9CDQ4ChC7BQgtMAE#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20ali%20Prime%20Minister%20secretary&f=false|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en-uk}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Blattner|first1=Elwyn James|last2=Blattner|first2=James Elwyn|title=Who's who in U.A.R. and the Near East|date=1955|publisher=Paul Barbey Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DB5XAAAAMAAJ&dq=chaudhry+muhammad+ali+born+1905&q=July+16%2C+1905+%3B|page=294|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=fr}} 9. ^{{cite web|last1=et.al.|first1=Britannica|title=Chaudhri Mohammad Ali—prime minister of Pakistan|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chaudhri-Muhammad-Ali|website=www.britannica.com|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=29 January 2018|location=London, Eng. U.K.|language=en-uk}} 10. ^John Christie Morning Drum BACSA 1983 {{ISBN|0-907799-04-3}} pp95-102 11. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Lyon|first1=Peter|title=Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia|date=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=U.S.|isbn=9781576077122|pages=9–10|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLwOck15eboC&pg=PA9&dq=muhammad+ali+Prime+Minister+born&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjWwIjj-PvYAhUX5mMKHZ9XB5UQuwUILzAB#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20ali%20Prime%20Minister%20born&f=false|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en-us}} 12. ^{{cite book|last1=Khuhro|first1=Hamida|title=Mohammed Ayub Khuhro: a life of courage in politics|date=1998|publisher=Ferozsons|location=Karachi, Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSluAAAAMAAJ&dq=chaudhry+muhammad+ali+Prime+Minister+removed|page=405|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=Wynbrandt|first1=James|title=A Brief History of Pakistan|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816061846|page=178|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xQGwgJnCPZgC&pg=PA178&dq=chaudhry+Muhammad+Ali+appointed++prime+minister|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=Bates|first1=Crispin|last2=Mio|first2=Minoru|title=§Cities in South Asia|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317565130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JU2sCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&dq=chaudhry+Muhammad+Ali+Finance+minister|page=72|language=en-us}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=The Constitution of 1956|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-constitution-of-1956|website=www.storyofpakistan.com|publisher=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust|accessdate=29 January 2018|date=1 June 2003}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=Asian Recorder|date=1981|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|url=https://books.google.com/?id=i5ttAAAAMAAJ&dq=chaudhry+mohammad+ali+pm+of+pakistan+died+1980&q=December+1%2C+1980|accessdate=29 January 2018|language=en}} External links
|-{{s-bef|before=Muhammad Ali Bogra}}{{s-ttl|title=Prime Minister of Pakistan|years=1955–1956}}{{s-aft|rows=2|after={{nowrap|Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy}}}} |-{{s-bef|before=Ayub Khan}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Defence|years=1955–1956}}{{s-end}}{{PakistaniPMs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Chaudhry Mohammad}} 28 : 1905 births|1980 deaths|20th-century Indian chemists|20th-century Indian economists|British special advisers|Finance Ministers of Pakistan|Finance Secretaries of Pakistan|Indian academics|Indian accountants|Indian Civil Service (British India) officers|Indian financial analysts|Indian management consultants|Indian people of World War II|Islamia College (Lahore) faculty|Members of the Pakistan Philosophical Congress|Pakistan Movement activists from Punjab|Pakistan Muslim League politicians|Pakistani civil servants|Pakistani democracy activists|Pakistani economists|Pakistani financiers|Pakistani memoirists|People from Jalandhar|People from Karachi|People from Lahore|Politicians from Punjab, Pakistan|Prime Ministers of Pakistan|University of the Punjab alumni |
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