1. History
     Predecessor    Construction  

2. Regulation

3. List of all China National Highways
     Former 000 Series    100 Series    200 Series    300 Series    500 Series  

4. See also

5. References

6. External links

The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) ({{zh |t = 中華人民共和國國道 |s = 中华人民共和国国道|p = Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào}}) is a network of trunk roads across mainland China. Although they are called "highways" (e.g., the Jingbao Highway), they are not necessarily freeways. However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged. {{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}

History

Predecessor

The first state highway recorded in China dates back more than two thousand years ago to the Qin dynasty when the first emperor Qin Shi Huang built a {{Convert|750|km|mi}} highway, linking its capital Xianyang to the northerly border of Erdos as a defensive maneuver.^[1]

Construction

The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including {{convert|34,300|km|mi|abbr=on}} of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km².

With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling {{convert|35,000|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.

The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about {{convert|85,000|km|mi|abbr=on}}, including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Ürümqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.

In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to {{convert|265,000|km|mi|abbr=on}}, with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.^[2]

Regulation

Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 100 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in well in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.

Nationwide highways often begin with the letter GXXX, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the GXXX stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.^[3]

The numbering of the highways is as follows:

• Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the "NTHS" (7, 11, 18) system.
• Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing - the capital city of the People's Republic of China - and spread out in all compass directions, except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Xuanhua as it is a ring around Beijing.
• Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia through to Beihai in Guangxi province);
• Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from Shanghai through to Ruili in Yunnan province);
• Highways in the 500 series are connecting roads between other national highways.

In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.

List of all China National Highways

Highways listed in {{font color||LightCoral|red}} were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated. Those listed in {{font color||Khaki|yellow}} are currently partially finished. Those listed in {{font color||Silver|grey}} are under construction or still in planning.

Former 000 Series

Note: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north-south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" were east-west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS" (7918) system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways' new numbering system, see Expressways of China.

It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted using the format GZXX, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.

100 Series

200 Series

300 Series

500 Series

See also

• Expressways of China
• Transport in China
• Tarim Desert Highway
• Karakoram Highway

References

External links

• Ministry of Transport {{zh icon}}
• China Highway & Transportation Society
• China Highway Network

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