| 词条 | Choker |
| 释义 |
A choker is a close-fitting necklace worn around the neck. Chokers can be made of a variety of materials, including velvet, plastic, beads, latex, leather, metal, such as silver, gold or platinum, etc. They can be adorned in a variety of ways, including with sequins, studs, or a pendant. HistoryGolden choker necklaces were crafted by Sumerian artisans around 2500 BC and according to curators from the Jewelry Museum of Fine Arts,[1] chokers have been around for thousands of years, first gracing the world's earliest civilizations: Ancient Egypt, in addition to the Sumerians in Mesopotamia. Often made with gold or lapis, the necklaces were thought to be protective and imbued with special powers. Chokers were also later worn in the First Century A.D. They are mentioned in the Talmud, book Shabbat, chapter 6[2] as a common women's accessory.{{Relevance inline|date=May 2017|reason=That translation mentions bands, not chokers. Citing it here seems a stretch.}} Historically, it was associated with high fashion, but could take on different meanings under different circumstances. In 1798, during the French Revolution, women wore red ribbons around their necks to pay homage to those who met their death at the guillotine. The ribbon could be worn around the neck, or another fashion came in the form of an X around the shoulders and back.[3] Ballerinas and the upper class in the late 19th century commonly wore certain types of chokers. However, at that same time, the late 19th century, a plain, thin, red, or black ribbon choker had ties to prostitution, as seen in Manet's Olympia (1861). The 19th century fashion for broad chokers reached its peak around 1900 in part due to Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom wearing one to hide a small scar.[4] Chokers were popular into the 1920s and again in the '40s as colliers de chien.[5] In particular, the term dog collars or colliers de chien catches on, and these designs – incorporating luxe diamonds, pearls, lace, and velvet – could be seen as objects of the elite because the best kinds were custom-made to fit one's neck perfectly.[6] In 1944 Life magazine stated that "a dowager fashion of 40 years ago" was being revived by young women, illustrating the trend with photos of models wearing the now vaguely rebellious "dog collars".[5] Modern fashionIn recent years, chokers have been popular with a number of celebrities including Gwyneth Paltrow who wore one to the 1999 Academy Awards. Paris Hilton wore three inches of Swarovski around her neck in 2002.[7] Rihanna has also been featured wearing chokers.[8] In the 2010s, the choker has become a popular fashion symbol among transgender women, due not only to its association with femininity, but also because of its potential to camouflage the Adam's apple for pre-op transexuals[9]. See also{{portal|Fashion}}
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Graff|first1=Michelle |title=The History Behind … The Choker|url=http://www.nationaljeweler.com/fashion/antique-estate-jewelry/4080-the-history-behind-the-choker|accessdate=6 August 2017|work=National Jeweler|date=31 March 2016}} 2. ^Shabbos, beginning of chapter 6 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blastmilk.com/decollete/index2.php|title=Decollete|publisher=blastmilk.com|access-date=2017-05-30}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Clare |date=1996 |title=Jewelry from Antiquity to the Present|publisher=Thames and Hudson |page=156 |isbn=0500202877}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Garber|first1=Megan |title=The Long (and Short) History of the Choker|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/10/neck-and-neck-the-long-and-short-history-of-the-choker/503315/|accessdate=10 October 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=10 October 2016}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thespruce.com/antique-and-vintage-necklace-styles-148955|title=How Much Do You Know About Necklace Styles?|work=The Spruce|access-date=2017-05-30}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecut.com/2014/05/from-beads-to-plastic-50-celebrities-in-chokers/slideshow/2014/05/12/celebrities_in_chokers/chokers-27/|title=Paris Hilton, 2002|work=The Cut|access-date=2017-05-30}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-choker-necklaces-celebrity-accessory-style|title=How to Rock the Choker With Sophisticated Cool Like Rihanna|work=Vogue|access-date=2017-05-30}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://mic.com/articles/149911/how-the-choker-became-a-go-to-trend-for-transgender-women|title=How the Choker Became a Go-To Trend for Trans Women|website=mic.com|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}} External links
1 : Necklaces |
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