| 词条 | Chris Hedges |
| 释义 |
|name = Chris Hedges |image = Chris hedges blur.jpg |image_size = |caption = Hedges, c. 2007 |birth_name = Christopher Lynn Hedges |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1956|9|18}} |birth_place = St. Johnsbury, Vermont, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = United States |ethnicity = |education = Colgate University (B.A., English Literature) Harvard Divinity School (M.Div) |occupation = Journalist, writer, activist, clergyman |employer = |known_for = |spouse = }} Christopher Lynn Hedges (born September 18, 1956) is an American journalist, Presbyterian minister, and visiting Princeton University lecturer. His books include War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (2002), a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction; Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle (2009); Death of the Liberal Class (2010); Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt (2012), written with cartoonist Joe Sacco, which was a New York Times best-seller; Wages of Rebellion: The Moral Imperative of Revolt (2015); and his most recent America: The Farewell Tour (2018). Hedges is a columnist for the progressive news and commentary website Truthdig.[1][2] He hosts the television program On Contact for the RT.[3] Hedges spent nearly two decades as a foreign correspondent in Central America, West Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Balkans. He has reported from more than fifty countries, and has worked for The Christian Science Monitor, NPR, Dallas Morning News, and The New York Times,[4] where he was a foreign correspondent for fifteen years (1990–2005). In 2001, Hedges contributed to The New York Times staff entry that received the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting for the paper's coverage of global terrorism. He also received the Amnesty International Global Award for Human Rights Journalism in 2002.[5] He has taught at Columbia University, New York University, the University of Toronto and Princeton University, where he is a visiting lecturer in African American studies.[4][6][7][8] Hedges has taught college credit courses for several years in New Jersey prisons. He teaches a course through Princeton University in which the class is composed of half prisoners and half Princeton undergraduates.[5] He has described himself as a socialist[9][10] and more specifically as a Christian anarchist,[11][12] identifying with Catholic activist Dorothy Day in particular.[13] Early lifeChristopher Lynn Hedges was born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, the son of Thelma Louise (née Prince) and the Rev. Thomas Havard Hedges, a Presbyterian minister.[14][15] He grew up in rural Schoharie County, New York, southwest of Albany. He graduated in 1975 from the Loomis Chaffee School, a private boarding school in Windsor, Connecticut.[16][17] He founded an underground newspaper at the school that was banned by the administration and resulted in his being put on probation.[18] Hedges received his Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Colgate University in 1979. He received a Master of Divinity degree from Harvard Divinity School (where he studied under James Luther Adams) in 1983.[19] He speaks English, Arabic, French, and Spanish, and studied Latin and Classical Greek at Harvard.[5] The New York TimesHedges worked for 15 years as a foreign correspondent for The New York Times. He was based in the Middle East for five years, serving for four of those years as the Middle East bureau chief. He covered the war in the former Yugoslavia as the Balkan bureau chief based in Sarajevo. He later covered Al Qaeda in Europe and the Middle East from Paris. Three of Hedges' articles were based upon the stories of Iraqi defectors, who had been furnished to Hedges by the Information Collection Program of the U.S.-funded Iraqi National Congress.[20] The program promoted stories to major media outlets in order to orchestrate U.S. intervention in Iraq in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Most significant of his reports in this period was a November 8, 2001, front-page story about two former Iraqi military commanders who claimed to have trained foreign mujahedeen how to hijack planes without using guns.[21] Hedges quoted a man whom he believed to be an Iraqi general: "These Islamic radicals ... came from a variety of countries, including Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco. We were training these people to attack installations important to the United States". The two defectors also asserted there was a secret compound in Salman Pak facility where a German scientist was producing biological weapons.[22] According to Mother Jones: "The impact of the article ... was immediate: Op-eds ran in major papers, and the story was taken to a wider audience through cable-TV talk shows. When Condoleezza Rice, then George W. Bush's national security adviser, was asked about the report at a press briefing, she said, 'I think it surprises no one that Saddam Hussein is engaged in all kinds of activities that are destabilizing.{{'"}} As late as 2006, conservative magazines including The Weekly Standard and National Review continued to use this article to justify the invasion of Iraq.[23] It later was revealed that the story which Hedges reported was "an elaborate scam". The defector whom Hedges quoted, who had identified himself as Lt. General Jamal al-Ghurairy, was a former sergeant. The real Ghurairy had never left Iraq. Hedges said that he had taken on reporting this account at the request of Lowell Bergman of Frontline, who wanted the defectors for his show but could not go to Beirut for the interview. The trip had been organized by Ahmed Chalabi, whom Hedges considered to be unreliable. Hedges said he had done the piece as a favor to Bergman, explaining, "There has to be a level of trust between reporters. We cover each other's sources when it's a good story because otherwise everyone would get hold of it." Hedges had relied on the U.S. embassy in Turkey for further confirmation of the man's identity.[23] Hedges wrote two more articles that year that were informed by Chalabi-coached defectors. The second one, claiming that Iraq still held 80 Kuwaitis captured in the 1991 Gulf War in a secret underground prison, was also found to be baseless.[24] Political views and activismHedges was an early critic of the Iraq War. In May 2003, Hedges delivered a commencement address at Rockford College in Rockford, Illinois, saying: "We are embarking on an occupation that, if history is any guide, will be as damaging to our souls as it will be to our prestige and power and security."[25] His speech was received with boos and his microphone was shut off three minutes after he began speaking.[26] {{American socialism |People}}The New York Times, his employer, criticized his statements and issued him a formal reprimand for "public remarks that could undermine public trust in the paper's impartiality".[27] Shortly after the incident, Hedges left The New York Times to become a senior fellow at The Nation Institute, and a columnist at Truthdig, in addition to writing books and teaching inmates at a New Jersey correctional institution.[27][28]Hedges has worked for a decade teaching in prisons in New Jersey, and he has become a fierce critic of mass incarceration in the United States.[29][30] In the 2008 United States presidential campaign, Hedges was a speech writer for candidate Ralph Nader.[31] In his December 29, 2008, column for Truthdig, Hedges stated that "[t]he inability to articulate a viable socialism has been our gravest mistake. It will ensure, if this does not soon change, a ruthless totalitarian capitalism".[9] He elaborated upon this in a 2013 interview with The Real News, claiming that "the left has been destroyed, especially the radical left, quite consciously in the whole name of anti-communism", and "we have allowed ourselves to embrace an ideology which, at its core, states that all governance is about maximizing corporate profit at the expense of the citizenry. For what do we have structures of government, for what do we have institutions of state, if not to hold up all the citizenry, and especially the most vulnerable?".[32] In a March 2009 column, Hedges warned that human over-population and mass species extinction are serious problems, and that any measures to save the ecosystem will be futile unless we cut population growth, and noted that, "As long as the Earth is viewed as the personal property of the human race, a belief embraced by everyone from born-again Christians to Marxists to free-market economists, we are destined to soon inhabit a biological wasteland."[33] On December 8, 2009, Hedges identified as a "radical Keynesian" during his lecture at The New School, entitled "Empire of Illusion".[34] On December 16, 2010, Hedges was arrested outside the White House along with Daniel Ellsberg and more than 100 activists who were protesting the war in Afghanistan.[35][36] Hedges appeared as a guest on an October 2011 episode of the CBC News Network's Lang and O'Leary Exchange to discuss his support for the Occupy Wall Street protests; co-host Kevin O'Leary criticized him, saying that he sounded "like a left-wing nutbar". Hedges said "it will be the last time" he appears on the show, and compared the CBC to Fox News.[37] CBC's ombudsman found O'Leary's heated remarks to be a violation of the public broadcaster's journalistic standards.[38] On November 3, 2011, Hedges was arrested with others in New York as part of the Occupy Wall Street demonstration, during which the activists staged a "people's hearing"[39] on the activities of the investment bank Goldman Sachs and blocked the entrance to their corporate headquarters.[40][41] Hedges has appeared on the syndicated Democracy Now! television program; on Breaking the Set on RT (formerly known as Russia Today), and on CBC's George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight.[42][43][44] In October 2012, Hedges publicly supported Jill Stein, the candidate of the Green Party of the United States, in the 2012 United States presidential election.[45] On April 7, 2013, Hedges delivered the keynote address at the Green Party of New Jersey state convention.[46][47] In June 2013, Hedges and numerous celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.[48][49] On September 20, 2014, a day before the People's Climate March, Hedges joined Bernie Sanders, Naomi Klein, Bill McKibben, and Kshama Sawant on a panel moderated by WNYC's Brian Lehrer to discuss the issue of climate change.[50] Hedges and Klein also participated in the 'Flood Wall Street' protests that occurred shortly thereafter.[51] On November 11, 2014, Hedges published an article explaining why he and his family have become vegan. He explained that this is "the most important and direct change we can immediately make to save the planet and its species".[52] In a December 15, 2014, article, Hedges compared the actions of ISIS today to the way Israel's founding fathers acted in the late 1940s.[53] Hedges contended at the Left Forum in 2015 that with the "denouement of capitalism and the disintegration of globalism", Karl Marx has been "vindicated as capitalism's most prescient and important critic". He said that Marx "foresaw that capitalism had built within it the seeds of its own destruction. He knew that reigning ideologies—think neoliberalism—were created to serve the interests of the elites and in particular the economic elites."[54] On April 15, 2016, Hedges was arrested, along with 100 other protesters, during a sit-in outside the U.S. Capitol during Democracy Spring to protest the capture of the political system by corporations.[55] Commenting on the 2016 election during an interview on The Real News, Hedges asserted that the modern American Left's embrace of neoliberalism resulted in a dysfunctional democracy and has given rise to a Trump presidency, which he characterizes as "proto-fascist".[56] Hedges argues that logical result of neoliberalism is neofascism.[57] At a March 2017 speech delivered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Hedges insisted that resistance to the Trump Administration must be broadly socialist and anti-capitalist in nature: This resistance must also be accompanied by an alternative vision of a socialist, anti-capitalist society. Because the enemy in the end is not Trump or Bannon—it is corporate power. And if we do not stop corporate power, we will never dismantle fascism's seduction of the white working class and unemployed."[58] NDAA lawsuit{{Main|Hedges v. Obama}}In 2012, after the Obama Administration signed the National Defense Authorization Act, or NDAA, Hedges sued members of the U.S. government, asserting that section 1021 of the law unconstitutionally allowed presidential authority for indefinite detention without habeas corpus. He was later joined in the suit, Hedges v. Obama, by activists including Noam Chomsky and Daniel Ellsberg. In May 2012 Judge Katherine B. Forrest of the Southern District of New York ruled that the counter-terrorism provision of the NDAA is unconstitutional.[59] The Obama administration appealed the decision and it was overturned. Hedges petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case,[60] but the Supreme Court denied certiorari in April 2014.[61][62] Ordination and ministerial installationOn October 5, 2014, Hedges was ordained a minister within the Presbyterian Church. He was installed as Associate Pastor and Minister of Social Witness and Prison Ministry at the Second Presbyterian Church Elizabeth in Elizabeth, New Jersey.[63] He noted having been rejected for ordination 30 years earlier, saying that "going to El Salvador as a reporter was not something the Presbyterian Church at the time recognized as a valid ministry, and a committee rejected my 'call{{'"}}.[64] Personal lifeChris Hedges is married to the Canadian actress Eunice Wong.[65] The couple have two children. Hedges also has two children from a previous marriage. He currently lives in Princeton, New Jersey.[66] Books
See also
References1. ^Truthdig: About Us 2. ^{{cite news |date=August 19, 2011 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/19/idUS428147016120110819 |title=Reuters Ex-LA Times Writer Mark Heisler Vents Again About Tribune |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 3. ^[https://www.rt.com/usa/345205-chris-hedges-on-contact/ ‘On Contact’: Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Chris Hedges joins RT America], RT. 2 June 2016 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://authors.simonandschuster.com/Chris-Hedges/21025518|title=Simon & Schuster, "Authors: Chris Hedges"|work=Simon & Schuster|accessdate=November 27, 2014}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |title = Chris Hedges, Columnist |publisher = Truthdig |url = https://www.truthdig.com/staff/chris_hedges#bio |accessdate = 2013-09-28 }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Visiting Journalism Professors Roster 1964–2015|url=http://humanities.princeton.edu/journalism/professors/past|accessdate=28 April 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531003156/http://humanities.princeton.edu/journalism/professors/past|archivedate=May 31, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Anshutz Distinguished Fellowship in American Studies |url=https://www.princeton.edu/ams/anschutz/ |accessdate=28 April 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425054658/http://www.princeton.edu/ams/anschutz/ |archivedate=April 25, 2016 |df=mdy }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=In Conversation with Brian Steward: Pulitzer-Prize Winning Journalist Christopher Hedges|url=http://munkschool.utoronto.ca/csus/event/9717/print/|accessdate=28 April 2016}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |last=Hedges|first=Chris |url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20081229_why_i_am_a_socialist/|title=Why I Am a Socialist|publisher=Truthdig|date=December 29, 2008}} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=August 21, 2018 |title=America: The Farewell Tour |url= |location= |publisher=Simon & Schuster |page=303 |isbn=978-0-73527-596-6 |author-link= }} 11. ^Chris Hedges Interviewed at NYSEC [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZSjKVijpjE&t=57m3s Youtube] Assessed 12/15/2016 12. ^Chris Hedges on What it Takes to be a Rebel in Modern Times [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUgaqJZLwOg&t=16m21s Youtube] Assessed 12/15/2016 13. ^Occupy Tactics – Violence and Legitimacy in the Occupy Movement and Beyond [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_cyzgYLaK4&t=1h15m31s Youtube] Assessed 12/15/2016 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonmagazine.com/wordpress/?p=1749 |title=Chris Hedges The News Is Not Good |author=Ellen Gilbert |publisher=Princeton Magazine |date=February 2, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423211814/http://www.princetonmagazine.com/wordpress/?p=1749 |archivedate=April 23, 2014 }} 15. ^[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KFBV-4CZ Chris Hedges in FamilySearch] 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.collegequarterly.ca/2012-vol15-num01-winter/doughty.html | title =I Don't Believe in Atheists | author =Chris Hedges |author2=Howard A. Doughty | publisher =collegequarterly.ca | year =2008}} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.loomischaffee.org/page.cfm?p=3613 | title =Notable Alumni Humanitarianism and Public Service | publisher =loomischaffee.org | date =May 15, 2013}} 18. ^{{cite news | url=http://articles.courant.com/2003-02-21/news/0302210468_1_chris-hedges-iraq-poison | title =Writer Shares War Stories | author =Johnny Mason | newspaper=Hartford Courant |accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week622/hedges.html |title=Interview: Chris Hedges |publisher=PBS |date=January 31, 2003 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310151925/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week622/hedges.html |archivedate=March 10, 2013 }} 20. ^Jonathan S. Landay and Tish Wells, "Global Misinformation Campaign was Used to Build Case for War" Knight-Ridder, March 16, 2004 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117010917/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0316-02.htm |date=November 17, 2013 }} 21. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.alternet.org/story/19210/ahmed_chalabi's_list_of_suckers | first = Douglas | last = McCollam | title = Ahmed Chalabi's List of Suckers: Judith Miller is only one of the many reporters from almost every blue-blooded news outfit in America who were played by the Iraqi exile | date = July 12, 2004| work = Alternet | accessdate = 2013-11-22 | quote = Chris Hedges of The New York Times wrote a page-one piece headlined "Defectors Cite Iraqi Training for Terrorism".}} 22. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/08/international/middleeast/08IRAQ.html%20| first = Chris | last = Hedges | title = Defectors Cite Iraqi Training for Terrorism | date = November 8, 2001 | work = The New York Times | accessdate = 2013-11-17}} 23. ^1 {{cite news | first = Jack | last = Fairweather | title = Heroes in Error | date = March 2006 | url = https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2006/03/heroes-error | work = Mother Jones| accessdate = 2013-11-17 | quote = How a fake general, a pliant media, and a master manipulator helped lead the United States into war.}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0316-02.htm |author1=Jonathan S. Landay |author2=Tish Wells |work=Knight-Ridder |date=March 16, 2004 |title=Iraqi Exile Group Fed False Information to News Media – Global Misinformation Campaign was Used to Build Case for War |accessdate=December 2, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117010917/http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0316-02.htm |archivedate=November 17, 2013 }} 25. ^{{YouTube|SAWMgYyAtHU|Footage of the speech}}; Rockford College, May 2003 26. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2003/5/21/new_york_times_reporter_chris_hedges|title=New York Times Reporter, Chris Hedges was Booed off the Stage and had his Microphone Cut Twice as he Delivered a Graduation Speech on War and Empire at Rockford College in Illinois |publisher=Democracy Now! |date=May 21, 2014 |accessdate=November 24, 2014}} 27. ^1 Hedges, Chris; A Father's Gift, Dallas Morning News, 17 June 2006, accessed December 21, 2010 {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 28. ^The Nation Institute 29. ^{{cite news |author=Marshall "Eddie" Conway |author2=Chris Hedges |url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=12928 |title=How Prisons Rip Off and Exploit the Incarcerated (1/2) |publisher=The Real News |date=January 4, 2015 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 30. ^Chris Hedges (December 29, 2014). The Prison State of America. Truthdig. Retrieved January 6, 2015. 31. ^{{cite news |url=http://progressive.org/chris_hedges_interview.html |author=David Barsamian |title=An Interview with Chris Hedges |date=August 2011 |work=The Progressive |accessdate=November 27, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204135757/http://www.progressive.org/chris_hedges_interview.html |archivedate=December 4, 2014 |df=mdy-all }} 32. ^Chris Hedges: 'The Left Has Been Destroyed'. Truthdig, July 22, 2013. 33. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/we-are-breeding-ourselves-to-extinction/|title=We Are Breeding Ourselves to Extinction|last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=March 9, 2009|website= Truthdig|publisher= |access-date= January 19, 2018}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EpeF1fcji0|title=Chris Hedges' Empire of Illusion {{!}} The New School|last=Hedges|first=Chris|date=December 16, 2009|website=YouTube|publisher=The New School|access-date=August 29, 2016}} 35. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.truthdig.com/avbooth/item/hope_is_action_hedges_ellsberg_arrested_at_white_house_protest_20101217 |title='Hope Is Action': Hedges and Ellsberg Arrested at White House Protest|publisher=Truthdig|date=2010-12-17|accessdate=2014-11-24}} 36. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2010/12/untitled-chris-hedges-interview/ | title=Exclusive: US empire could collapse at any time, Pulitzer winner tells Raw Story |publisher=The Raw Story|date=December 17, 2010|accessdate=2014-11-24}} 37. ^James Crugnale (October 12, 2011). Journalist Chris Hedges Argues With CBC's Kevin O'Leary: 'This Sounds Like Fox News And I Don't Go On Fox News!', Mediaite. Retrieved January 24, 2014. 38. ^{{cite news |author=Cassandra Szklarski |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/10/14/oleary-nutbar-ombudsman_n_1011373.html |title=Kevin O'Leary 'Nutbar' Remark Violated Journalistic Standards: CBC Ombudsman]. |publisher=The Huffington Post Canada |date=October 14, 2011 |accessdate=January 24, 2014}} 39. ^Chris Hedges Arrested in Front of Goldman Sachs. Truthdig. November 3, 2011. 40. ^{{cite news |author=Rich Schapiro |author2=Helen Kennedy |date=November 3, 2011 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/a-dozen-occupy-wall-street-protesters-arrested-goldman-sachs-article-1.971807 |title=More than a dozen Occupy Wall Street protesters arrested outside Goldman Sachs, Reporter/Activist Chris Hedges among those charged] |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |accessdate=2011-11-04}} 41. ^{{YouTube|w9qPGzqpuYc|RTAmerica}} 42. ^Shows featuring Chris Hedges. Democracy Now! Retrieved January 30, 2014. 43. ^{{cite news |url=http://rt.com/shows/breaking-set-summary/fight-keystone-socialism-us-960/ |title=Socialist in Seattle: Kshama Sawant's revolution, the indigenous fight against Keystone XL |publisher=RT |accessdate=February 7, 2014}} 44. ^{{cite news|url = http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/guest-page/chris-hedges-1.html|year = 2010|title = Strombo, Chris Hedges, CBC Television|publisher = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate = 2010-11-08 }} 45. ^{{cite web |last=Hedges|first=Chris|title=Why I'm Voting Green |url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/why_im_voting_green_20121029/|publisher=Truthdig|accessdate=April 7, 2013}} 46. ^{{cite web |title=Green Party to livestream Chris Hedges keynote at NJ GP annual meeting, Sun. 4/9|url=http://www.greenpartywatch.org/2013/04/04/green-party-to-livestream-chris-hedges-keynote-at-nj-gp-annual-meeting-sun-49/|publisher=greenpartywatch.org|accessdate=April 7, 2013}} 47. ^{{YouTube|C8H0ty327o0|Chris Hedges Strategy for Radical Change at Green Party of New Jersey Convention}} 48. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/celebrity-bradley-manning-video-93041.html#ixzz2WgfpNmys |title=Celeb video: 'I am Bradley Manning' – Patrick Gavin |publisher=Politico |date=2013-06-20 |accessdate=2014-06-29}} 49. ^{{YouTube|id=UFFkcCh-pCc|title=I am Bradley Manning (full HD)}} 50. ^"It's Time to Act on the Climate Crisis". The Real News, September 21, 2014 51. ^{{cite news |author=John Light |author2=Joshua Holland |url=http://billmoyers.com/2014/09/23/flood-wall-street/ |title=After People's Climate March, Thousands Re-Kindle Occupy Wall Street |publisher=Moyers & Company |date=September 23, 2014 |accessdate=January 15, 2015}} 52. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/saving_the_planet_one_meal_at_a_time_20141109|title=Saving the Planet, One Meal at a Time|publisher=Truthdig|date=November 10, 2014}} 53. ^{{cite web |last1=Hedges|first1=Chris|title=ISIS-The New Israel|url=http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/isis_--_the_new_israel_20141214|website=TruthDig}} 54. ^Chris Hedges (May 31, 2015). Karl Marx Was Right. Truthdig. Retrieved June 5, 2015. 55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dcmediagroup.us/2016/04/15/rosario-dawson-arrested-100-democracy-spring-protesters-u-s-capitol|title=Rosario Dawson Among 100 Democracy Spring Protesters Arrested at U.S. Capitol|publisher=DCMediaGroup|date=April 15, 2016}} 56. ^Chris Hedges: The Surrender of the Liberal Left to Neoliberalism Gave Us Proto-fascism. The Real News. November 10, 2016. 57. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/neoliberalisms-dark-path-to-fascism/|title=Neoliberalism's Dark Path to Fascism|last=Hedges |first=Chris|date=November 26, 2018|website=Truthdig |publisher= |access-date=November 26, 2018 |quote=}} 58. ^Chris Hedges: The Enemy Is Not Donald Trump or Steve Bannon—It Is Corporate Power (Video) Truthdig. March 15, 2017 59. ^{{cite news |last=Kuipers|first=Dean|title=Federal judge blocks National Defense Authorization Act provision |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/environment/la-me-gs-national-defense-authorization-ruling-20120518,0,2046039.story|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=May 18, 2012}} 60. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/unbelievable-obama-administration-has-already-appealed-ndaa-ruling-2012-9 | title =Obama Has Already Appealed The Indefinite Detention Ruling | author =David Seaman | publisher =Business Insider | date =September 13, 2012}} 61. ^{{cite web |last=Denniston|first=Lyle|title=Detention challenge denied|url=http://www.scotusblog.com/2014/04/detention-challenge-denied/|publisher=SCOTUSblog|accessdate=April 29, 2014|date=April 28, 2014}} 62. ^{{cite web |title=Order List: 572 U. S. 13-758 Hedges, Christopher, et Al. V. Obama, Pres. Of U.S., et Al. – Certiorari Denied|publisher=United States Supreme Court|accessdate=April 29, 2014|page=7|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/042814zor_6k47.pdf|date=April 29, 2014}} 63. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.secpreseliz.org/leadership|title=Leadership of the Second Presbyterian Church in Elizabeth, NJ |publisher= |date= |accessdate=April 27, 2015}} 64. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.truthdig.com/report/item/ordained_to_write_20141013|title=Ordained to Write|publisher=Truthdig|date=October 13, 2014|accessdate=October 19, 2014}} 65. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.eunicewong.com/biography |title= Eunice Wong: Biography |accessdate= May 14, 2016}} 66. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org/portraits/chris-hedges |title=Americans Who Tell the Truth.org "Chris Hedges Biography" |publisher=Robert Shetterly |accessdate=January 15, 2015}} External links{{Commons category}}{{wikiquote}}{{external media| align = right | width = 220px | video1 = {{YouTube|Q2klcRVZs0g|Stop Fascism: Chris Hedges in Portland, Oregon. A KBOO Benefit.}} | video2 = {{YouTube|0YdBzwJCpo8|On Contact: Noam Chomsky – Part I}} | video3 = {{YouTube|FaERQWrWLO0|Organizing resistance to Internet censorship}} | video4 = {{YouTube|6H07ygGZxjE&t|Chris Hedges talking about his book America: The Farewell Tour on MSNBC}}}}
33 : 1956 births|21st-century American non-fiction writers|American anarchists|American Christian socialists|American foreign policy writers|American male non-fiction writers|American political writers|American Presbyterians|American reporters and correspondents|American war correspondents|War correspondents of the Iraq War|War correspondents of the Yugoslav Wars|Anti-capitalists|Anti-consumerists|Anti-corporate activists|American anti-fascists|Christian Science Monitor people|Christian anarchists|Colgate University alumni|Columbia University faculty|Critics of atheism|Harvard Divinity School alumni|Living people|Nieman Fellows|People from Schoharie, New York|People from St. Johnsbury, Vermont|Presbyterian socialists|The Dallas Morning News people|The Nation (U.S. magazine) people|The New York Times writers|PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award winners|Loomis Chaffee School alumni|RT people |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。