| 词条 | Gopnik |
| 释义 |
Gopnik ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}})[1] is a stereotype and subculture in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other former Soviet republics to refer to young men of sometimes lower-class suburban areas (usually under 25 years of age)[2] coming from families of poor education and (sometimes) income. The female form is gopnitsa ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}), and the collective noun is gopota ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of Gopniks has its roots in the late Russian Empire, and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the Soviet Union.[3][4] As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia (such as the A.U.E.). EtymologyGopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a street robbery: gop-stop ({{lang-ru|гоп-стоп|links=no}}).[5] However, it could also be related to GOP, the acronym for the Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prezreniya. These were almshouses for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the October Revolution in 1917. According to Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, a Russian explanatory dictionary (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks", or the criminals of Saint Petersburg.[5] Stereotypical appearance and behaviourGopniks are often seen squatting in groups "in court" (на корта́х), "at the pictures" (на карташах), or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools with their heels on the ground. [6][8] It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.[7] Gopniks are often seen wearing Adidas or Puma tracksuits, which were popularised by the 1980 Moscow Olympics Soviet team.[8] Sunflower seeds (colloquially semki (семки) or semechki (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in Ukraine and Russia. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks. Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality vodka and light beer, cheap cigarettes and sometimes even guns. They are also saying common Russian expletives such as "Pizda, Blyat, Suka" (Russian: Пизда, блять, сука), being rude and flipping people off. The associated music of the gopniks is Russian chanson (more precisely, blatnaya pesnya). Since the mid-2010s, gopniks started being associated with hardbass in internet memes and viral videos, starting with the YouTube video entitled "Cheeki Breeki Hardbass Anthem".[9] See also
References1. ^Russian plural гопники (gopniki), also гопота (gopota), and гопари (gopari). 2. ^Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN|3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237] 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title=Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title=Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date=22 July 2011|publisher=}} 5. ^1 {{cite web| date = July 17, 2008| url = http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| title= Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник"| publisher = Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта| accessdate= August 30, 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|title=Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond|first1=Moya|last1=Flynn|first2=Rebecca|last2=Kay|first3=Jonathan D.|last3=Oldfield|date=1 June 2008|publisher=University Press of America|via=Google Books}} 7. ^1 Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies" 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|title=Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?|date=4 January 2015|publisher=}} 9. ^[https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/cheeki-breeki Cheeki Breeki - Know Your Meme] External links
12 : Class-related slurs|Pejorative terms for people|Russian culture|Social class in Russia|Stereotypes of suburban people|Stereotypes of working-class men|Social class subcultures|Criminal subcultures|Working class in Europe|Squatting position|Soviet culture|Russian words and phrases |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。