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词条 Cirrus SR20
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Variants

  3. Operators

     Civil  Military 

  4. Accidents

  5. Specifications (SR20-G3)

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

name = SR20 logo = image = File:CIRRUS DESIGN CORP SR20 N345BS (2059) (5056614400).jpgcaption =

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type = Light aircraftmanufacturer = Cirrus Aircraftdesigner = first flight = 21 March 1995introduction =retired = status = primary user = more users = produced = 1999–Presentnumber built = 1,332 (through 2016)[1]unit cost = US$390,000 (2017)[2]developed from = developed into = Cirrus SR22
}}

The Cirrus SR20 is an American piston-engine, four-or-five-seat, composite monoplane built by Cirrus Aircraft of Duluth, Minnesota since 1999.

The SR20 was the first production general aviation aircraft equipped with a parachute to lower the airplane safely to the ground after a loss of control, structural failure or mid-air collision. It was also the first manufactured light aircraft with all-composite construction and flat-panel avionics.[3][4]

The SR20 led to the Cirrus SR22 in 2001, which is one of the most produced aircraft of the 21st century.

Design and development

The SR20 mock-up was unveiled in 1994.[5] The aircraft first flew on 21 March 1995 and FAA certification was achieved on 23 October 1998.[6][7] At the time of the airplane's release, the general aviation industry was struggling; the SR20 was one of the first of its kind to earn FAA Part 23 certification in several years.[8]

Over a thousand SR20s have been sold since deliveries began in 1999. As of June 2015, more than 6,000 Cirrus aircraft had been delivered,[9] something that no other aviation company has done for decades.[10]

One of the major selling points for the SR20 is its Garmin Cirrus Perspective avionics suite with dual {{convert|10|in|mm|adj=on}} or {{convert|12|in|mm|adj=on}} screens: one primary flight display (PFD) and one multi-function display (MFD). This provides all standard communication, navigation (GPS and conventional VHF), and surveillance (Mode S transponder) functions. Other avionics features include in-flight weather information and TCAS-like traffic information.

SR20s made from 1999 to 2003 were equipped with traditional analog instruments and a 10" MFD. In July 2003, Cirrus made PFDs standard on the SR20 and faster SR22, pioneering the use of glass cockpits in the light aircraft general aviation industry.[11]

The SR-series remains the only airplane in its class to include side stick flight controls that combine aspects of a traditional yoke handle (this has been referred to in the industry as a "side yoke").[4]

The SR20 and SR22 are equipped with the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS), a large parachute that can be deployed in an emergency to lower the entire aircraft to the ground safely.[7] As of September 2018, the SR-series has deployed the system 79 times carrying 163 survivors.[12]

On 1 June 2004, the SR20 became the first aircraft to achieve the new European Aviation Safety Agency certificate for aircraft imported into the European Union.

In 2004, Cirrus introduced the SR20 G2 (Generation 2) and in 2008 the SR20 G3 (Generation 3). Both were defined by airframe modifications, G2 by fuselage and G3 by wing/landing gear changes.

In 2012, "60/40 flex seating" was introduced, allowing up to three passengers in the rear with a split fold-down seat arrangement. This five-seat configuration was optional in 2012 but became standard equipment for 2013 SR20 models.[13]

In 2016, Cirrus introduced enhancements to the SR Series, including Bluetooth wireless connectivity, a remote keyless entry, convenience lighting system, and a new easy access door latch, among other interior and exterior improvements.[14][15]

In 2017, the company introduced the SR20 G6 (Generation 6), with several upgrades to the avionics, new navigation lights and an increased useful load.[18]

Variants

SR20

Original version produced from 1999.

SR20 G2

Improved variant introduced in 2004.

SRV

Introduced at the 2003 EAA AirVenture Convention and brought to market in 2004, the Cirrus SRV was a VFR-only version of the SR20 for the low-end private ownership and flight training market.[16] As such it omitted some standard equipment available on the SR20 such as wheel fairings.[17] For 2008 the SRV model was updated to G3 configuration, with the SR22 wing.[18] Cirrus discontinued the SRV for the 2010 model year.

SR20 G3

Introduced in 2007, the "Generation 3" G3 has a lighter wing of greater area, incorporating a carbon-fiber spar. The new wing increased the SR20's cruise speed by {{convert|6|-|7|kn|km/h}}. The G3 also added a {{convert|50|lb|kg}} increased useful load by increasing the take-off weight to {{convert|3050|lb|kg}}, a re-designed main landing gear that is 2 inches (5 cm) taller, giving greater propeller and tail clearance, improved aircraft handling due to increased dihedral, improved aerodynamics including new wing root fairings, new LED recognition lights, improved heat and ventilation, dual-redundant GPS WAAS-certified Garmin GNS 430W comm-navigators (that include a VHF radio and a VOR/LOC/ILS receiver) and an S-Tec Autopilot.[19][20][21]

T-53A

In 2011, the SR20 was selected for cadet flight training with the 306th Flying Training Group at the United States Air Force Academy and given an Air Force model/design/series (MDS) designation as the T-53A. Twenty-five examples will be purchased to replace the Academy's current stock of 20 leased T-52As by May 2012.[22][23]

SR20 G6

Introduced in January 2017, the G6 model adds a Lycoming IO-390 engine of {{convert|215|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, an enhanced "Cirrus Perspective-Plus" flight deck (by Garmin), LED wingtip lights and a useful load increase of {{convert|150|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}.[24]

Operators

Civil

The SR20 is popular with many flying schools and is operated by private individuals and companies. The largest operators are CAFUC (Civil Aviation Flight University of China) operating 40 aircraft, Aerosim Flight Academy which operates 34, Western Michigan University which has 29, Lufthansa Flight Training with a fleet of 25 and Purdue University with 16.[25][26][27][28]

Military

{{FRA}}
  • French Air Force and French Navy Academies (operated by Cassidian) – 23 aircraft (mixed fleet of 16 SR20s and 7 SR22s).[29]
{{USA}}
  • United States Air Force Academy – 25 T-53A aircraft (version of SR20)[30]

Accidents

On March 23, 1999, Duluth native Scott D. Anderson was killed in a plane crash while flight-testing the first production model SR20 before it went on sale. Anderson was a pilot, author, engineer and adventurer who served as Chief Test Pilot at Cirrus in the mid- to late-1990s, performing all the inflight test-deployments of the CAPS. His plane, which had not yet been equipped with CAPS, experienced an aileron jam during experimental stress-testing and went down in a field near the Duluth International Airport. Anderson was inducted into the Minnesota Aviation Hall of Fame in 2010 and is often praised as a hero by the local community.[31][32][33][34]

New York Yankees pitcher Cory Lidle and certified flight instructor Tyler Stanger were killed in the 2006 New York City plane crash on October 11, 2006, when their SR20 crashed into the Belaire Apartments located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. The aircraft struck the north side of the building, causing a fire in several apartments. The accident was the result of high winds and pilot error.[35][36][37][38][39]

In 2011, the accident record of the SR20 and -22 was the subject of a detailed examination by Aviation Consumer magazine. The review concluded that the series has an overall accident record that is better than average for light aircraft, exceeded only by the Diamond DA40 and DA42. However, its fatal accident rate is much worse at 1.6/100,000 hours, placing it higher than the U.S. general aviation rate of 1.2 and higher than the Diamond DA40 (.35), Cessna 172 (.45), Diamond DA42 (.54), Cessna 182 (.69) and the Cessna 400 (1.0), despite the Cirrus's full aircraft parachute system.[40]

By 2014, the accident rate had been dramatically reduced, with a 2013 fatal rate of 1.01 per 100,000 flight hours. This was attributed to better training, particularly in when to deploy the ballistic parachute system.[41]

By 2015, the accident rate had continued to decrease, with a 2014 fatal rate of .42 per 100,000 flight hours, making it one of the best safety records in the industry. This marked the fewest fatalities in a single year for Cirrus since 2001, and the first year where the number of CAPS deployments (12) exceeded the number of fatal accidents (3).[42][43][44]

Between 1999 and 2015, the SR20 was involved in 27 known fatal accidents.[45]

Specifications (SR20-G3)

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Cirrus SR20 Specifications Webpage[18]
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|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=2126
|empty weight note=
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|gross weight lb=3050
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|more general=


|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Continental IO-360-ES
|eng1 type=six cylinder, horizontally-opposed piston aircraft engine
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp=200
|prop blade number=3
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|prop dia m=
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|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
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|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=155
|cruise speed note=TAS
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=56
|stall speed note=CAS
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=17500
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=828
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
|avionics=

  • Garmin Cirrus Perspective glass cockpit
  • GMA 350 All-digital Audio Panel
  • Dual WAAS GPS/Comm/Nav Radios
  • Garmin GFC700 Autopilot with Electronic Stability and Protection
  • Dual attitude and heading reference system
  • 406 MHZ ELT
  • ADS-B transponder

}}

See also

{{aircontent|
|related=
  • Cirrus SR22
  • Cirrus Vision SF50

|similar aircraft=
  • Diamond DA40
  • Lancair Columbia 300
  • Tecnam P2010
  • Vans RV-10

|lists=
|see also=
  • Ballistic Recovery Systems
  • Klapmeier brothers

}}

References

1. ^{{cite journal|url=https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/2016-GAMA-Databook_forWeb.pdf|title=2016 General Aviation Statistical Databook & Industry Outlook|author=General Aviation Manufacturers Association|date=2017|accessdate=22 February 2017}}
2. ^{{cite magazine |url= http://assets.penton.com/digitaleditions/BCA/BCA_201705.pdf |title= 2017 Business Airplanes Purchase Planning Handbook |magazine=Business & Commercial Aviation |author= Fred George |publisher= Penton |date= May 2017 |page= 83 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/photo-gallery/photos/top-100-airplanes-platinum-edition?pnid=44581|title=Top 100 Airplanes:Platinum Edition|publisher=Flying|date=|accessdate=2014-11-08}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/aircraft/pistons/10-ways-sr22-changed-flying?page=0,0|title = 10 Ways that the SR22 Changed Flying|authorlink = |last = Robert Goyer|year =2011}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/fuselage-skins-redesign-streamlines-production|accessdate=2015-08-31|title=Cirrus Aircraft’s SR22 second-generation design improves functionality and enables faster processing|last=CompsitesWorld|year = 2010}}
6. ^Aerofiles: Aircraft Ca to Ci Retrieved 24 July 2011.
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8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/pistons/cirrus-sr20-g3|title=Cirrus SR20 G3|accessdate = July 10, 2015|last = Goyer |first = Robert |date = Sep 2008}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://cirrusaircraft.com/6000th-airplane/|title=Cirrus Aircraft Celebrates 6,000th Airplane Delivery|accessdate = June 16, 2015|last = Cirrus Aircraft News|first = |date = June 15, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/pilot-talk/more-pilot-talk/aviation-1965-2015.html#.VowSRcCAOkr|title=Aviation 1965–2015|last = Davison|first =Budd|accessdate = January 5, 2016|date = December 14, 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ntsb.gov/safety/safety-studies/Documents/SS1001.pdf|title=Introduction of Glass Cockpit Avionics into Light Aircraft|last=National Transportation Safety Board|accessdate=2015-09-11}}
12. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.cirruspilots.org/copa/safety_programs/w/safety_pages/720.caps-saves-and-fatal-accidents.aspx|title= Cirrus CAPS History |accessdate=12 October 2018 |last=Cirrus Owners and Pilots Association|date= 12 October 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cirrusaircraft.com/sr20/ |title=Cirrus Aircraft |publisher=Cirrus Aircraft |date= |accessdate=2013-05-29}}
14. ^{{cite web|author= |url=https://vimeo.com/151899971 |title=Cirrus Aircraft 2016 SR Series Introduction |publisher=Vimeo.com |date=January 2016 |accessdate= June 10, 2016}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://cirrusaircraft.com/enhanced-2016-sr/|title= Cirrus Aircraft Unveils Enhanced 2016 SR Series|accessdate = June 10, 2016|last = Cirrus Aircraft News|first= |date= February 16, 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/article/the-new-cirrus-srv/#.WWUL39PysWo|title = The New Cirrus SRV|accessdate = 2017-07-11|last=Colby|first=Douglas|work=Plane & Pilot|year = 2004}}
17. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.cirrusdesign.com/sr20/default.aspx|title = Cirrus SR20 Models|accessdate = 2007-12-27|last = Cirrus Design|authorlink = |year = |deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080107060714/http://www.cirrusdesign.com/sr20/default.aspx|archivedate = 2008-01-07|df = }}
18. ^{{cite web|url = http://cirrusaircraft.com/aircraft/sr20/|title = SR20 Specifications|accessdate = 5 January 2016|last = Cirrus Aircraft|year = 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.avweb.com/news/snf/SunNFun2008_G3_CirrusSR20_NewWings_RefinedInterior_197645-1.html|title = G3 SR20 Has New Wings, Refined Interior|accessdate = 2008-04-14|last = Niles|first = Russ F.|authorlink = |date=April 2008}}
20. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.cirrusdesign.com/sr20/g3/default.aspx|title = Cirrus SR20 What's New|accessdate = 2007-12-27|last = Cirrus Design|authorlink = |year = 2007|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071231131507/http://www.cirrusdesign.com/sr20/g3/default.aspx|archivedate = 2007-12-31|df = }}
21. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=February 2008|page=20}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2011/06/ap-academy-gets-25-new-trainer-aircraft-061611/|title = Academy gets 25 new trainer aircraft for $6.1M|accessdate = 17 June 2011|last = Associated Press|authorlink = |date=June 2011| work = Air Force Times}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eaa.org/news/2011/2011-07-06_USAF-Cirrus.asp |title=EAA News – USAF Academy Buys Cirrus SR-20s, Designates T-53A |publisher=Eaa.org |date=2011-07-06 |accessdate=2012-10-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025101040/http://www.eaa.org/news/2011/2011-07-06_USAF-Cirrus.asp |archivedate=2012-10-25 |df= }}
24. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Cirrus-Updates-SR22-And-SR20-228289-1.html|title = Cirrus Updates SR22 And SR20|accessdate = 6 January 2017|last = Grady|first = Mary|work=AVweb|date = 4 January 2017}}
25. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.deltaconnectionacademy.com/about/newsroom.aspx?year=2008&month=07|title = Delta connection academy offers high school students discovery flights in partnership with a nationwide ace camp program|accessdate = 2009-06-11|last = Rachel|authorlink = |date = July 2008|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091119091931/http://www.deltaconnectionacademy.com/about/newsroom.aspx?year=2008&month=07|archivedate = 2009-11-19|df = }}
26. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.wmich.edu/aviation/sr20.html|title = Aircraft – Cirrus SR-20|accessdate = 28 March 2011|last = Western Michigan University College of Aviation|authorlink = |year = |deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110412111435/http://www.wmich.edu/aviation/sr20.html|archivedate = 12 April 2011|df = }}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.cirrusaircraft.com/post/2010/01/25/PURDUE-UNIVERSITY-ACQUIRES-FLEET-OF-CIRRUS-SR20-AIRCRAFT-FOR-DEPARTMENT-OF-AVIATION-TECHNOLOGY.aspx |title=Purdue Acquires Cirrus Aircraft |accessdate=2010-02-11 |date=January 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514055116/http://news.cirrusaircraft.com/post/2010/01/25/PURDUE-UNIVERSITY-ACQUIRES-FLEET-OF-CIRRUS-SR20-AIRCRAFT-FOR-DEPARTMENT-OF-AVIATION-TECHNOLOGY.aspx |archivedate=May 14, 2010 }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/cirrus-tapped-for-lufthansas-airline-pilot-training-program |title= Cirrus Tapped for Lufthansa’s Airline Pilot Training Program |accessdate=15 June 2017 |last=Burns |first=Ashley |authorlink = |year = 2017}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cirrusaircraft.com/news/cirrus-aircraft-chosen-for-french-air-force/|title=Cirrus News: French Air Force/Cassidian|accessdate=2013-05-29|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121004115823/http://cirrusaircraft.com/news/cirrus-aircraft-chosen-for-french-air-force/|archivedate = 4 October 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cirrusaircraft.com/news/cirrus-celebrates-the-final-delivery-of-the-usafa-t53/|title=Cirrus News: Final Air Force T-53A Deliveries|accessdate=2013-05-29|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520210230/http://www.cirrusaircraft.com/news/cirrus-celebrates-the-final-delivery-of-the-usafa-t53/|archivedate=2012-05-20|df=}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/content/pilot-scott-anderson-remembered|title=Pilot Scott Anderson Remembered|accessdate=30 January 2015|last = Passie|first=Peter|authorlink=|date=April 2010}}
32. ^{{cite web|last=Fallows |first=James |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/21/magazine/turn-left-at-cloud-109.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Turn Left at Cloud 109 |publisher=The New York Times |date= November 21, 1999 |accessdate=2015-01-30}}
33. ^{{cite web|last=Fallows |first=James |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2007/03/lidle-lawsuit-update-the-myth-of-quot-aileron-failure-quot/7541/ |title=Lidle lawsuit update: the myth of 'aileron failure' |publisher=The Atlantic |date= March 7, 2007 |accessdate=2015-01-30}}
34. ^{{cite web|last=Higdon |first=Dave |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cirrus-sr20-demonstrator-kills-test-pilot-in-prison-49656/ |title=Cirrus SR20 demonstrator kills test pilot in prison crash |publisher=Flighglobal |date =March 31, 1999 |accessdate=2015-01-30}}
35. ^{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/story?id=2555263&page=1|title=Yankee Pitcher Dies as Plane Crashes Into NYC High-Rise |date=October 11, 2006|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=May 8, 2009}}
36. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/10/11/plane.crash/index.html|title= Yankees pitcher killed in crash of small plane in Manhattan|date=October 12, 2006|publisher=CNN|accessdate=May 8, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090415025229/http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/10/11/plane.crash/index.html| archivedate= April 15, 2009 | deadurl= no}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Yankees Player Among Two Killed In Small Plane Crash On Manhattan's UES |work=NY1 |date=October 11, 2006 |url=http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?&aid=63370 |accessdate=May 8, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003406/http://www.ny1.com/ny1/content/index.jsp?&aid=63370 |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite news|last=Feinsand|first=Mark|title=Yankees' Lidle killed in plane crash |publisher=MLB.com |date=October 11, 2006 |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/article.jsp?ymd=20061011&content_id=1708962&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb |accessdate=May 8, 2009}}
39. ^{{cite news|last=Yaniv|first=Oren|author2=Leo Standora|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/local/story/461030p-387873c.html |title=2nd victim died living his dream|date=October 12, 2006|accessdate=May 8, 2009 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061029072634/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/local/story/461030p-387873c.html |archivedate = October 29, 2006 |location=New York |work=Daily News}}
40. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Cirrus_Safety_Record_Average_205914-1.html|title = Aviation Consumer: Cirrus Safety Record Just Average|accessdate = 22 December 2011|last = AVweb staff|date = 20 December 2011| work = AVweb}}
41. ^{{cite web|last=Bertorelli |first=Paul |url=http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Cirrus-Reports-Dramatic-Accident-Reduction221835-1.html |title=Cirrus Reports Dramatic Accident Reduction |publisher=Avweb |date=10 April 2014 |accessdate=14 April 2014}}
42. ^{{cite web|last=Zimmerman |first=John |url=http://airfactsjournal.com/2015/02/fatal-cirrus-crashes-way-thank-parachute/ |title=Fatal Cirrus crashes are way down – thank the parachute |publisher=Air Facts |date=11 February 2015 |accessdate=11 June 2015}}
43. ^{{cite web|last=Beach |first=Rick |url=https://www.cirruspilots.org/copa/safety_programs/b/pull_early_pull_often/archive/2014/07/01/update-on-cirrus-accident-rates.aspx |title=Mid-Year 2014 Update on Improved Cirrus accident rates |publisher=Cirrus Owners and Pilots Association |date=1 July 2014 |accessdate=11 June 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web|last=Anders |first=Clark |url=https://disciplesofflight.com/cirrus-sr22/ |title=Cirrus SR22: The Plane with the Parachute |publisher=Disciples of Flight |date=22 May 2015 |accessdate=11 June 2015}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/dblist.php?AcType=SR20|title=ASN Aviation Safety Database results SR20|accessdate=4 January 2016}}

External links

{{commons category}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.cirrusaircraft.com/}}
  • Used Aircraft Guide: Cirrus SR20 on AVweb
{{Cirrus}}{{USAF trainer aircraft}}

5 : Cirrus aircraft|United States civil utility aircraft 1990–1999|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1995

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