词条 | Cito Gaston | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|image=Cito.jpg |name=Cito Gaston |position=Outfielder / Manager |bats=Right |throws=Right |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1944|3|17}} |birth_place=San Antonio, Texas |debutleague = MLB |debutdate=September 14 |debutyear=1967 |debutteam=Atlanta Braves |finalleague = MLB |finaldate=October 1 |finalyear=1978 |finalteam=Pittsburgh Pirates |statleague = MLB |stat1label=Batting average |stat1value=.256 |stat2label=Home runs |stat2value=91 |stat3label=Runs batted in |stat3value=387 |stat4label=Managerial record |stat4value=894–837 |stat5label=Winning % |stat5value=.516 |teams=As player
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| hofcolor= #EC1C40 | hoflink= Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame | hoftype= Canadian | hofdate= 2002 }} Clarence Edwin "Cito" Gaston ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|t|oʊ|_|ˈ|ɡ|æ|s|t|ən}}; born March 17, 1944) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder and manager. His major league career as a player lasted from 1967 to 1978, most notably for the San Diego Padres and the Atlanta Braves. He spent his entire managerial career with the Toronto Blue Jays, becoming the first African-American manager in Major League history to win a World Series title. Cito Gaston managed the Toronto Blue Jays from 1989 to 1997, and again from 2008 to 2010. During this time, he managed the Blue Jays to four American League East division titles (1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993), two American League pennants (1992 and 1993) and two World Series titles (1992 and 1993). Personal lifeGaston grew up in San Antonio and Corpus Christi, Texas, where his father was a truck driver. His career ambitions were either to be a truck driver like his father, or make it into the Major Leagues. He adopted his nickname 'Cito' in preference to his given name 'Clarence'. Gaston later told Toronto Blue Jays broadcasters that the name was taken from a Mexican-American wrestler he watched as a young man in Texas. Other reports state that Gaston was given this nickname from a friend named Carlos Thompson who thought that Gaston resembled a Mexican wrestler named "Cito".[1][2] As a player with the Atlanta Braves, he was the roommate of Hank Aaron. Gaston credits Aaron with teaching him "how to be a man; how to stand on my own."[3] Gaston has been married three times. His first marriage ended in divorce with Gaston citing his baseball career as the reason.[1] His second marriage to a Canadian woman, Denise, lasted from the early 80s to the early 2000s.[1] Since 2003, Gaston has been married to Lynda,[4] both residing in Oldsmar, Florida.[1][5] When in Toronto, Gaston lives in a downtown condominium which he sublets to former Toronto Maple Leafs assistant coach Tim Hunter.[5] Playing careerUnited StatesPrimarily a center fielder, Gaston began his decade-long playing career in {{Baseball year|1967}} with the Atlanta Braves, appearing in nine games. The following year he was selected by the San Diego Padres in the expansion draft, first playing for them in {{Baseball year|1969}}. He had his best individual season in {{Baseball year|1970}}, when he batted .318 (the highest batting average by a Padre prior to Tony Gwynn's arrival[6]) with 29 home runs, 92 runs scored and 93 RBI, and was selected to the National League All-Star team. The rest of Gaston's career did not live up to his All-Star season success. Gaston never hit more than 17 home runs or knocked in more than 61 runs in any season with the Padres (until {{Baseball year|1974}}) or the Braves (from {{Baseball year|1975}} until {{Baseball year|1978}}).[7] VenezuelaIn the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League, Cito Gaston played with the Cardenales de Lara (1967–68), the Navegantes del Magallanes (1968–72, 1975–76) and the Tiburones de La Guaira (1976–77).[8] Gaston hit 31 home runs and drove in 207 runs in 310 games (regular season).[8] Managing career{{MLBBioLOE|Image = JaysRetired43.PNG |Name = Cito Gaston |}} Pre-World Series seasonsGaston became the hitting coach for the Toronto Blue Jays in {{Baseball year|1982}}. Gaston remained the hitting instructor until 15 May {{Baseball year|1989}}, when he took over managerial duties from Jimy Williams, when the team was suffering through an unexpectedly bad start. Gaston originally declined the offer to be manager when Williams was fired. He told Ebony magazine: "When I was offered the job as manager, I didn't want it. I was happy working as the team's hitting instructor".[3] It was only when his players encouraged him to take the job did he reconsider the offer. The Blue Jays won their first division title in 1985 with Gaston as hitting coach. Gaston was able to take superstars and mold them into a team. Under Gaston's leadership, Toronto transformed from a sub-.500 team (12–24 under Jimy Williams) to the eventual division winners, going 89–73 (77–49 under Gaston). Toronto's success under Gaston was not short-lived, as they finished second in the division behind Boston the following year and won the division again in {{Baseball year|1991}}, {{Baseball year|1992}} and {{Baseball year|1993}}. World Series seasonsAs a coach and manager, Gaston was considered a player's manager. He was a soft-spoken and steady influence during years that saw a large group of talented, high-salaried players grace the Blue Jays uniform. The franchise led the Major Leagues in attendance each year from 1989 to 1992, setting new records each of the latter three years, riding high from a dedicated fan base and a new stadium to play in when Gaston took the helm. The Jays opened the SkyDome a few weeks after Gaston became manager and the financial success translated into major free agent signings, including pitcher Jack Morris, outfielder Dave Winfield, and designated hitter Paul Molitor. They also retained core All-Stars such as Joe Carter, Devon White, Roberto Alomar, and John Olerud. Joe Carter credits Gaston for the team's championships:
Gaston had worked with players at an individual level as a hitting instructor and transferred this to the job of manager. He was known for his open communication with his players.[9] He was a successful game strategist, effectively handling National League rules during World Series games in Atlanta and Philadelphia. In the six games the Blue Jays played in those places during World Series play, the Jays went 4–2, including the title clincher in Game 6 of the 1992 World Series in Atlanta. The 1992 World Series victory was widely recognized as the first for a non-American team, and Gaston was the first ever African-American manager to win a World Series. The Blue Jays followed their 1992 success with a repeat victory in the 1993 World Series, an impressive feat, given that the Jays had lost starting position players Manuel Lee, Kelly Gruber, Candy Maldonado and Dave Winfield, starting pitchers Jimmy Key, David Cone and Dave Stieb, relievers Tom Henke and David Wells and bench players Derek Bell and Pat Tabler during the off-season following 1992. All-Star managerGaston was the manager for two American League All-Star teams since he was the manager of the championship American League franchise in 1992 and 1993. He was criticized for selecting six Blue Jays to the 1993 roster, but was unapologetic, stating all six were World Champions and two were future Hall of Famers (Gaston's prediction proved correct, as two of those players (Roberto Alomar and Paul Molitor) have been voted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame). In the 1993 All-Star Game held at Oriole Park at Camden Yards, he was criticized for not getting Orioles pitcher Mike Mussina into the game. Mussina got up in the ninth inning to warm up in the bullpen.[10] Mussina later claimed that he was simply doing a between-start workout, but some interpreted it was an attempt to force Gaston to put him into the game. As angry fans jeered in dismay, incredulous that Gaston would not use the popular local player and believing Mussina had been sent to warm up for no reason, Gaston instead allowed Blue Jays pitcher Duane Ward to close out the victory for the American League. Baltimore fans did not like this perceived snub, and T-shirts were sold outside of Camden Yards that season bearing the phrase, "Will Rogers never met Cito Gaston", referencing the famous line by Will Rogers, "I never met a man yet that I didn't like." Post-World SeriesGaston's fortunes, like those of the Blue Jays franchise as a whole, faded after the championship years. The World Series winning clubs had dissipated because of aging players, increased post-Series salary demands, and the failure of new owner Interbrew (which merged with founding owner Labatt in 1995) to raise the budget substantially. After Major League Baseball solved its labor problems in 1994, Pat Gillick and eventually Paul Beeston left the organization and annual attendance began to drop considerably. Yet, the Blue Jays were still trying to compete in the American League East and in 1997 signed free agent Roger Clemens. When the team could barely break the .500 mark all season, Gaston was fired by GM Gord Ash. He had failed to lead the team to a winning record since 1993 and seemed uninterested in keeping his position.[11] Gaston forced Ash's hand by telling his boss that he was taking a vacation at season's end and would not be around for the usual post season evaluation process. He was replaced by then-pitching coach Mel Queen on an interim basis for the last week of the {{Baseball year|1997}} season. Joe Carter wore Gaston's No. 43 on his jersey for the remainder of the season in part to honor him and in part to express his displeasure at his firing.[12] He finished his first stint as manager with a 683–636 regular season record and 18–16 post–season record.[20] Gaston was a final candidate for the Detroit Tigers manager's job in the 1999–2000[13] season and was the runner-up in the Chicago White Sox manager position in the 2003–2004 off season. Sox GM Kenny Williams, a former Blue Jays player, had Gaston as one of two finalists for the job but decided to hire Ozzie Guillén.[14][15] Gaston had several offers to rejoin major league teams as a hitting instructor, namely the Kansas City Royals, but declined offers. After interviewing unsuccessfully for several other managerial jobs, Gaston said that he would only manage again if he were hired directly without an interview.[16][17] Gaston rejoined the team as a hitting coach after the {{Baseball year|1999}} season but was not retained after a disappointing {{Baseball year|2001}} campaign and the sale of the franchise to Rogers Communications. In 2002, he was hired by the Jays for a third time, as special assistant to president and chief executive officer Paul Godfrey.[18] Managerial returnOn June 20, 2008, Gaston was rehired as the manager of the Blue Jays to replace the fired John Gibbons. It was his first managerial job at the major-league level since being fired by the Blue Jays 11 years earlier—unusual for a World Series-winning manager. In his second tenure as manager, he succeeded in improving the team's record to the point that it finished over .500 after a poor start to the season under his predecessor, John Gibbons, that had the team in last place at the time of his rehiring. When Gibbons was fired, the team's record was 35–39; after Gaston and his coaching staff took over, the team earned a record of 51–37 for the remainder of the season which included a late ten-game winning streak and the Blue Jays finishing fourth in the American League East. On September 25, 2008, it was announced that Gaston had signed a two-year extension that would keep him as manager until 2010. He announced on October 30, 2009 that he would retire after the 2010 season.[19][20] Managerial record
Controversies
Awards and honors
Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://bioproj.sabr.org/bioproj.cfm?a=v&v=l&bid=2629&pid=4966|title=Cito Gaston – SABR|work=sabr.org|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Columnists/Elliott/2010/09/28/15499431.html|title=Cito Gaston: A baseball life|author=Canoe inc.|work=canoe.ca|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 3. ^1 2 Leavy, Walter. "Cito Gaston: on top of the baseball world – baseball manager", Ebony March 1994. Available online at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n7_v49/ai_15198539 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalnews.ca/sports/story.html?id=3600013|title=Global News – Latest & Current News – Weather, Sports & Health News|work=globalnews.ca|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/sports/baseball/2010/10/03/15567446.html|title=What a ride for Cito|work=Toronto Sun|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/SDP/leaders_bat_50.shtml|title=San Diego Padres Top 50 Batting Leaders|work=Baseball-Reference.com|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 7. ^Cito Gaston. The Baseball Almanac (website). Available online at: http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=gastoci01 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.purapelota.com/lvbp/mostrar.php?1971-72=1&1967-68=1&1970-71=1&1969-70=1&1976-77=1&1968-69=1&1975-76=1&seleccion=gastcit001 |title=Cito Gaston |accessdate=2 March 2014 |publisher=purapelota.com |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173541/http://www.purapelota.com/lvbp/mostrar.php?1971-72=1&1967-68=1&1970-71=1&1969-70=1&1976-77=1&1968-69=1&1975-76=1&seleccion=gastcit001 |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df= }} 9. ^Craig, Tommy. "Words of advice from Tom Craig". Personal Management Coaching (website). Available online at: {{cite web|url=http://www.pmcoaching.com/tom.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930141938/http://www.pmcoaching.com/tom.htm |archivedate=2007-09-30 |df= }} 10. ^1993 All-Star Game. Baseball Almanac. (website) Available online at: http://www.baseball-almanac.com/asgbox/yr1993as.shtml 11. ^Stanley, Diane. My Personal Shawn Green Biography (website). Available online at: {{cite web |url=http://www.shawngreen.net/biography/1997.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-03-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010426214445/http://www.shawngreen.net/biography/1997.html |archivedate=2001-04-26 |df= }}. NOTE: This source is offered as a source although it is a personal website yet reflects common opinion at the time. 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/cartejo01.php |title=Joe Carter |work=The Baseball Page |accessdate=15 February 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718041930/http://www.thebaseballpage.com/players/cartejo01.php |archivedate=18 July 2009 |df= }} 13. ^Stone, Mike and Bob Wojnowski. WDFN Sports Radio, Stoney & Wojo Show November–December 1999. Detroit Free Press and Detroit News reports citing Gaston's candidacy were discussed weekly while the Tigers searched for a replacement to Lance Parrish. 14. ^Padilla, Doug. Chicago Sun-Times 2 November 2003. Available online at: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20031102/ai_n12528915 15. ^Elliot, Bob. Toronto Sun 24 October 2003. Available online at: http://www.canoe.ca/NewsStand/TorontoSun/Sports/2003/10/24/234991.html{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 16. ^Brunt, Stephen. "The Game", Toronto Globe and Mail, June 21, 2008, p. S1; Blair, Jeff. "Out with the New, In with the Old", June 21, 2008, p. S1 17. ^{{cite web|last=Bastian|first=Jordan|title=Gaston's second act a lot like the first|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090511&content_id=4671994&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb|publisher=MLB.com|date=May 11, 2009}} 18. ^CBC News (website). "Gaston back with Blue Jays" 25 February 2002. CBC News Available online at: http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2002/02/23/gaston020223.html 19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.tsn.ca/blogs/baseball_blog/?id=250781&lid=sublink05&lpos=topRelated_mlb|title=404|work=TSN|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/2009/10/30/gaston_retiring/#|title=Manager Gaston retiring after 2010|date=30 October 2009|accessdate=11 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204225740/http://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/2009/10/30/gaston_retiring/|archive-date=2009-12-04|dead-url=yes|df=}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|title=Cito Gaston|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/gastoci01.shtml|website=Baseball Reference|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=December 23, 2014}} 22. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/sports/1997/04/18/1997-04-18_jays__gaston_stirs_racism_fl.html |work=New York Daily News |title=Jays' Gaston Stirs Racism Flap }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/home/story/Sources%253A-Players-don%2527t-want-Cito-back-in-%252710|title=Sources: Players don't want Cito back in '10|work=FOX Sports|accessdate=15 February 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082544/http://msn.foxsports.com/home/story/Sources%3A-Players-don%27t-want-Cito-back-in-%2710|archivedate=16 October 2012|df=}} 24. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nesn.com/2009/10/cito-gaston-surpised-of-mutiny-in-blue-jays-locker-room.html|title=Cito Gaston Surprised at Mutiny in Blue Jays Locker Room|work=NESN.com|accessdate=15 February 2015}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.rogersbroadcasting.com/mikewilner/2010/06/02/again/ |title=FAN590 – Blogs – Miked Up » Blog Archive » Again? |publisher=Blog.rogersbroadcasting.com |date=2010-06-02 |accessdate=2010-07-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809103822/http://blog.rogersbroadcasting.com/mikewilner/2010/06/02/again/ |archivedate=2010-08-09 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite news|author=Canada |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/baseball/confronting-gaston-not-a-wise-career-move/article1594113/ |title=Confronting Gaston not a wise career move |work=The Globe and Mail |date=2010-06-06 |accessdate=2010-07-29 |location=Toronto}} 27. ^Official Site of the Toronto Blue Jays (website). Toronto Blue Jays History. Available online at: http://toronto.bluejays.mlb.com/tor/history/timeline4.jsp 28. ^Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. Available online at: {{cite web|url=http://www.baseballhalloffame.ca/inductees.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-11-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826025904/http://www.baseballhalloffame.ca/inductees.html |archivedate=2011-08-26 |df= }} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Cito Gaston|url=http://oshof.ca/index.php/honoured-members/item/14-cito-gaston|website=Ontario Sports Hall of Fame|accessdate=25 September 2014}} External links{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}{{Baseballstats|br=g/gastoci01 |fangraphs=1004566 |cube=11779 |brm=gaston001cla}}{{Baseball-reference manager|gastoci01}}
37 : 1944 births|Living people|African-American baseball coaches|African-American baseball managers|African-American baseball players|American expatriate baseball people in Canada|American expatriate baseball players in Mexico|Arizona Instructional League Athletics players|Arizona Instructional League Braves players|Atlanta Braves players|Austin Braves players|Baseball coaches from Texas|Baseball players from Texas|Batavia Trojans players|Binghamton Triplets players|Bravos de León players|Cachorros de León players|Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees|Cardenales de Lara players|Caribbean Series players|Greenville Braves players|Major League Baseball managers|Major League Baseball outfielders|National League All-Stars|Navegantes del Magallanes players|People from Oldsmar, Florida|Pittsburgh Pirates players|Richmond Braves players|San Diego Padres players|Santo Domingo Azucareros players|Shreveport Braves players|Sportspeople from San Antonio|Tiburones de La Guaira players|Toronto Blue Jays coaches|Toronto Blue Jays managers|West Palm Beach Braves players|World Series-winning managers |
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