| 词条 | Clubmen |
| 释义 |
Initially Clubmen gatherings came together spontaneously in response to the actions of soldiers in their localities. But as the war went on Clubmen in some areas were organised by the local gentry and churchmen and were a force which both sides in the war had to take into account when planning a campaign and garrisoning some areas, particularly in the south and west. The Clubmen, distinguishing themselves by white ribbands,[2] were of a third party, neither Royalist nor Parliamentarian, and they were repressed severely by the authorities on both sides. Though Lord Fairfax met with clubmen and negotiated with them, eventually he moved against them. Woodbury Declaration{{see also|Worcestershire in the English Civil War|History of Worcestershire#Civil War}}Organised Clubmen in Worcestershire met on Woodbury Hill on 5 March 1645 and under the leadership of Charles Nott, the Parson of Shelsley drew up the Woodbury Declaration, which protests at the "utter ruin by the outrages and violence of the soldier; threatening to fire our houses; endeavouring to ravish our wives and daughters, and menacing our persons",[3] and presented it to Henry Bromley (of Holt), the Royalist High Sheriff of Worcestershire.[4] Dispersing the ClubmenIn Dorset, on 2 August 1645, Colonel Charles Fleetwood surrounded and dispersed 1000 Clubmen at Shaftesbury. Stiffer resistance was met by Cromwell in attacking a larger group in the ancient hillfort on Hambledon Hill. An hour's fighting killed 60 Clubmen and captured 400, half of whom were wounded. They were held in the church at Shroton. Parliamentarian sources claimed that they had been stirred up by "malignant priests", for vicars and curates were among the captives. Those who swore to the Covenant were subsequently released, the others sent to London.[5] See also
References1. ^George Nelson Godwin, The Civil War in Hampshire (1642–45), (2nd ed. 1904) p. 314. 2. ^Rev. Hugh Peters, riding with Fairfax in July 1645, found the Clubmen out in force at Salisbury, "wearing white ribbands in their hats, as it were in affront of the army, not sparing to declare themselves absolute neuters, or rather friends to the enemy" (quoted in Godwin, p. 315). 3. ^ The Worcestershire Clubmen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327122506/http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wccindex/wcc-arch/wcc-arch-research/wcc-arch-surv/wcc-arch-surv-civil-clubmen.htm |date=27 March 2009 }} Worcestershire County Council, Worcestershire Historic Environment and Archaeology Service {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102072439/http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wcc-arch |date=2 January 2007 }} 4 October 2005 4. ^The Woodbury Declaration of the Worcestershire Clubmen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014035144/http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wccindex/wcc-arch/wcc-arch-research/wcc-arch-surv/wcc-arch-surv-civil-woodbury.htm |date=14 October 2006 }} 5 March 1645, Worcestershire Historic Environment and Archaeology Service {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102072439/http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wcc-arch |date=2 January 2007 }}, 14 October 2005 5. ^Godwin, p. 317. Further reading
|publisher=Printed for Machell Stace |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VnpEAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false 21]}}
1 : English Civil War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。