| 词条 | HMS Halcyon (1894) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The third HMS Halcyon was a {{sclass-|Dryad|torpedo gunboat}}[1] of the Royal Navy. Once described as "perhaps the smallest and least formidable vessel that ever crept into the 'Navy List,' ",[2] she was launched in 1894 and was put up for sale before World War I. She was recommissioned in 1913, was converted to a minesweeper and served under the orders of the Admiral Commanding Coast Guard and Reserves. She was sold for breaking in 1919. DesignOrdered under the Naval Defence Act of 1889, which established the "Two-Power Standard", the class was contemporary with the first torpedo boat destroyers. With a length overall of {{convert|262|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}},[1] a beam of {{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}[1] and a displacement of 1,070 tons,[1] these torpedo gunboats were not small ships by the standard of the time; they were larger than the majority of World War I destroyers. Halcyon was engined by Hawthorn Leslie and Company[1] with two sets of vertical triple-expansion steam engines, two locomotive-type boilers, and twin screws. Halcyon produced {{convert|6000|ihp|kW|lk=in}},[1] nearly twice the power of the rest of her class. She was capable of 19[3] or {{convert|20|kn|km/h}}.[1] She carried between 100 and 160 tons of coal and was manned by 120 sailors and officers.[1] ArmamentThe armament when built comprised two QF {{convert|4.7|in|cm|adj=on}} guns, four 6-pounder guns and a single 5-barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun. Her primary weapon was five 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes,[4] with two reloads.[1] On conversion to a minesweeper in 1914 two of the five torpedoes were removed.[1] ConstructionHalcyon was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 2 January 1893[1] and launched on 6 April 1894.[5]Operational historyNaval review of 1897On 26 June 1897 Halcyon was present at the Fleet Review at Spithead in celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.[3] Mediterranean stationHMS Halcyon was commissioned to serve at the Mediterranean Station by Commander Scott W. A. Hamilton Gray in March 1898. She was stationed at Souda Bay in early March 1900,[6] but later the same month left for Port Said to temporary relieve {{HMS|Rupert|1872|6}} as coast defence ship.[7] In May 1901 she left the Mediterranean and paid off at Devonport, to be placed in the Fleet Reserve for refitting.[8] Pre-war serviceAlthough being offered for sale,[3] she was recommissioned at Sheerness on 5 July 1913.[3] World War I serviceIn August 1914 she became the ship of the Senior Naval Officer North Sea Fisheries, serving under the orders of the Admiral Commanding Coast Guard and Reserves.[3] Located at Yarmouth, she was involved in the Raid on Yarmouth. On 29 July 1917, Halcyon spotted a periscope near the Smiths Knoll buoy east of Yarmouth, and carried out a ramming attack, followed by dropping two depth charges. Halcyon was credited with sinking the submarine, {{ship|SM|UB-27||2}}.[9] DisposalShe was sold to J H Lee of Dover for breaking on 6 November 1919.[1] Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Winfield (2004), p.306 2. ^"The Navy in Battle" (1918), Arthur Hungerford Pollen, p.250 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/H/02117.html|title=HMS Halcyon at NavalHistory.net|accessdate=2009-02-24}} 4. ^British "18 inch" torpedoes were 17.72 inches (45.0 cm) in diameter 5. ^The Times (London), Saturday, 7 April 1894, p.12 6. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Thursday |date=1 March 1900 |page_number=6 |issue=36078| }} 7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence| day_of_week=Wednesday |date=14 March 1900 |page_number=7 |issue=36089}} 8. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=8 May 1901 |page_number=9 |issue=36449| }} 9. ^Grant 1964, p. 62. References{{reflist}}
5 : Dryad-class torpedo gunboats|Ships built in Plymouth, Devon|1894 ships|Victorian-era gunboats of the United Kingdom|World War I minesweepers of the United Kingdom |
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