| 词条 | 81st Street–Museum of Natural History (IND Eighth Avenue Line) |
| 释义 |
| name = 81 Street– Museum of Natural History | wifi = yes | code = 159 | image = 81stindjeh.JPG | bg_color = #11117D | bg_color_2 = #FF6E1A | address = West 81st Street & Central Park West New York, NY 10024 | borough = Manhattan | locale = Upper West Side | coordinates = {{coord|40.781971|N|73.971763|W|display=inline,title}} | lat_dir = N | lon_dir = W | division = IND | line = IND Eighth Avenue Line | service = Eighth center local | service_header = Eighth center local header | connection = {{bus icon}} NYCT Bus: {{NYC bus link|M10|M79 SBS}} {{bus icon}} MTA Bus: {{NYC bus link|BxM2}} | platforms = 2 side platforms (1 on each level) | tracks = 4 (2 on each level) | levels = 2 | structure = Underground | passengers = 4,328,599[1] | pass_year = 2017 | pass_percent = -4.2 | rank = 114 | open_date = {{start date and age|1932|September|10|p=y}}[2] | next_north = {{NYCS next | station=86th Street | line=IND Eighth Avenue Line | service=Eighth center local |type2=passenger}} | next_south = {{NYCS next | station=72nd Street | line=IND Eighth Avenue Line | service=Eighth center local | type2=passenger}} | legend = {{NYCS infobox legend|allexceptnights}}{{NYCS infobox legend|nightsonly}}{{NYCS infobox legend|weekdaysonly}} }} 81st Street–Museum of Natural History is a local station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It is served by the B on weekdays, the C train at all times except nights, and the A train during late nights only. HistoryThis station opened on September 10, 1932 as part of the opening of the first city-owned subway line, the IND Eighth Avenue Line. On this date, the line opened from Chambers Street north to 207th Street.[2][3] Construction of the whole line cost $191.2 million. While the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line already provided parallel service, the new Eighth Avenue subway via Central Park West provided an alternative route.[4] The station was renovated in 1998–2000, in coordination with building the new Hayden Planetarium, within the Rose Center for Earth and Space.[5] The floors were replaced, new lighting installed, the token booth upgraded, and the walls and staircases re-tiled. Structural improvements were also made during the renovation.[5] Station layout{{NYCS Platform Layout IND Eighth Avenue Line/CPW local}}{{Stack|float=left|{{Routemap|title=Track layout |title-bg=#{{NYCS color|default}};{{linear-gradient|left|#{{NYCS color|Eighth}}, #{{NYCS color|Sixth}}}} |title-color=white |style=margin-right:10px;margin-top:10px;float:left; |legend =track |map-title=Upper level |map= uvSTR!~MFADEg ~~ ~~ ~~ to 86 St numN330\\uvSTRg\\ dBSl\\uvSTR\\d dBSl\\uvSTR\\d dBSl\\uvSTR\\d dBSl\\uvSTR\\d uSHI1c2\\uvSPLa\\uSHI1c3 udSTR\\uvSTR udSTR\\uvSTR udSTR\\uvSTR uSHI1c1\\uvSPLe\\uSHI1c4 uvSTRg uvSTR!~MFADEf |map2-title=Lower level |map2= utvSTR!~MFADEg numN330\\utvSTRf\\ dBSl\\utvSTR\\d dBSl\\utvSTR\\d dBSl\\utvSTR\\d dBSl\\utvSTR\\d utSHI1c2\\utvSPLa\\utSHI1c3 utdSTR\\utvSTR utdSTR\\utvSTR utdSTR\\utvSTR utSHI1c1\\utvSPLe\\utSHI1c4 utvSTRf utvSTR!~MFADEf ~~ ~~ ~~ to 72 St }} }} This underground station has four tracks and two side platforms. On this section of the line, the local tracks are stacked, uptown above downtown, and the express tracks are stacked in the same order to the east of them, so both platforms are on the west side, one above the other. The station is at Central Park West and 81st Street, rather than the major crosstown 79th Street, in order to accommodate the American Museum of Natural History,[6] which largely fills the area of what was once called the Manhattan Square. The 79th Street Transverse Road, through Central Park, exits the park here. South of this station are storage/lay up tracks between the local and express tracks on each level. Both ends of the tracks merge with the express tracks, with switches to the local tracks.[7][8] ExitsThere are two fare control areas, both on the upper platform. One is at the station's extreme south end, on Central Park West midblock between 77th and 81st Streets.[9] From this fare control, a passageway leads to a staircase on the west side of Central Park West, just south of the American Museum of Natural History's front entrance.[9] This fare control also has an underground entrance directly into the museum's lowest level.[10] The other is at the station's north end, at Central Park West and West 81st Street. Two staircases lead to either western corner of the intersection (one to each corner).[9] ArtworkIn 1976, with funding from the Exxon Corporation, this station, as well as three others citywide, received new "artfully humorous graffiti" murals and artwork.[11] Local designer Mayers and Schiff received $5,000 to add murals of dinosaurs such as "Thesaurus Rex, the dinosaur that had a vocabulary of a thousand words" and "Elongatomus, an elongated critter that stretched from coast to coast whose pelvic remains support a highway interchange in Missouri."[11] As part of the 1998–2000 station renovation, a program of tile mosaics was undertaken, covering the stairs and platforms, extending to floor inlays. Stairwells evoke descending into the geological strata of the Earth (at 81st Street) or into the Ocean (79th Street). Many creatures are evoked in mosaic vignettes that punctuate the stretches of white tiled wall. Fossil casts seem to emerge from the tiles as though the subway platform itself were an excavation, which it actually is.[17] Under the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s Arts for Transit program, a mixed-media installation was created in 2000.[5][12][20][13] Entitled "For Want of a Nail",[14] named after the old proverb, it addresses the interconnections of entities that are as vast as a galaxy and as small as a single cell. Using ceramic tile, glass tile, glass mosaic, bronze relief, and granite as primary materials, the design team depicted the evolution of extinct, existing and endangered life forms, from single celled organisms to the towering T. rex dinosaur.[12][24] It shows images and symbols ranging from the Earth's core, to the sea, the sky and the cosmos beyond. No artist has been identified in this group project.[12][15] {{-|left}}References1. ^{{NYCS const|riderref}} 2. ^1 The New York Times, List of the 28 Stations on the New Eighth Ave Line, September 10, 1932, page 6 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/09/10/100849529.pdf|title=Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped|last1=Crowell|first1=Paul|date=September 10, 1932|work=|accessdate=November 8, 2015|publisher=New York Times}} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/09/archives/new-line-first-unit-in-citywide-system-8th-av-tube-to-ease-west.html|title=NEW LINE FIRST UNIT IN CITY-WIDE SYSTEM; 8th Av. Tube to Ease West Side Congestion at Once -- Branches to Link 4 Boroughs Later. LAST WORD IN SUBWAYS Run From 207th to Chambers St. Cut to 33 Minutes -- 42d St. Has World's Largest Station. COST HAS BEEN $191,200,000 Years of Digging Up City Streets, Tunneling Rock and Building Road Finally Brought to Completion.|last=Duffus|first=R. l|date=September 9, 1932|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 3, 2017|page=12|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web | last=Siegal | first=Nina | title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: UPPER WEST SIDE/UPPER MANHATTAN; At This Stop, B and C Spell Walk | website=The New York Times | date=September 13, 1998 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/nyregion/neighborhood-report-upper-west-side-upper-manhattan-this-stop-b-c-spell-walk.html | accessdate=September 21, 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web | title=American Museum of Natural History | website=AMNH | date=May 1, 2014 | url=http://www.amnh.org/ | accessdate=September 21, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web| url=http://images.nycsubway.org/trackmap/pm_west_1.png| title=NYC Subway Track Map (Midtown Manhattan) (Zoom to section by clicking)| work=www.nycsubway.org| accessdate=November 11, 2011}} 8. ^{{NYCS const|trackref|468}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Upper West Side|url=http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/mn/M13_upper_west_side_2015.pdf|website=mta.info|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|accessdate=December 30, 2016|date=2015}} 10. ^{{cite web | title=Directions and Transportation | website=AMNH | date=May 1, 2014 | url=http://www.amnh.org/plan-your-visit/visitor-information/directions-and-transportation | accessdate=September 21, 2016}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/11/18/archives/a-subway-elongatomus-why-its-preposterous.html|title=A Subway Elongatomus? Why, It's Preposterous!|last=Burks|first=Edward C.|date=November 18, 1976|website=The New York Times|accessdate=September 21, 2016}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | title= 81st Street-Museum of Natural History: ARTS FOR TRANSIT COLLABORATIVE: For Want of a Nail, 2000 | website=Metropolitan Transportation Authority | url=http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=B&station=4&xdev=250 | accessdate=September 21, 2016}} 13. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.amnh.org/museum/subway/release.html| title=81st Street Museum of Natural History Station Reopening| work=AMNH| accessdate=November 11, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213506/http://www.amnh.org/museum/subway/release.html| archive-date=September 26, 2011| dead-url=yes| df=mdy-all}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|title=Review of the A and C Lines|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/pdf/AC_LineReview.pdf|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|accessdate=January 19, 2016|date=December 11, 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/15/nyregion/where-stepping-off-the-subway-means-stepping-into-the-wild.html| title=Where Stepping Off the Subway Means Stepping Into the Wild| work=The New York Times| first=Randy| last=Kennedy| date=June 15, 2000| accessdate=January 1, 2011}} External links{{Commonscat|81st Street – Museum of Natural History (IND Eighth Avenue Line)}}
9 : IND Eighth Avenue Line stations|Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|New York City Subway stations in Manhattan|New York City Subway stations located underground|Railway stations opened in 1932|American Museum of Natural History|Upper West Side|Central Park|1932 establishments in New York (state) |
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