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词条 Comparison of Linux distributions
释义

  1. General

  2. Technical

  3. Instruction set architecture support

  4. Package management and installation

  5. Live media

  6. Security features

  7. See also

  8. Notes

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Multiple issues|{{update|date=August 2016}}{{cleanup|reason=Active distributions composed entirely of free software (Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre, gNewSense, Guix System Distribution, LibreCMC, Musix GNU+Linux, Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, and Trisquel) need information in all sub categories, #General is complete|date=April 2014}}
}}

Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations. Organizational differences may be motivated by historical reasons. Other criteria include security, including how quickly security upgrades are available; ease of package management; and number of packages available.

These tables compare each active and noteworthy distribution's latest stable release on wide-ranging objective criteria. It does not cover each operating system's subjective merits, branches marked as unstable or beta, nor compare Linux distributions with other operating systems.

General

Basic general information about the distributions: creator or producer, release date, the latest version, and such. References are not added here but can be found in respective articles.

Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[1] are marked 100% Free under the System distribution commitment column.

Distribution Founder Maintainer Initial release year Current stable version Security updates (years) Release date System distribution commitment Forked from Target audience Cost Status
Alpine Linux Alpine Linux Team Alpine Linux Team2006|iso}} 3.8.0 {{dunno}}2018-06-26|iso}}[2]X}} – security, lightweight, generalGratis}} {{site active}}
ALT Linux ALT Linux Team ALT Linux Team, ALT Linux LLC2001|iso}} 8.2 {{dunno}}2013-07-10|iso}}[3]X}} Mandrake Linux general, schoolGratis}} {{site active}}
Antergos Alexandre Filgueira Antergos Project2012|iso}} Rolling Rolling RollingX}} Arch Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
antiX Anticapitalista Anticapitalista2007|iso}} 17 {{dunno}}2017-08-24|iso}}[4]X}} Debian, MEPIS old computersSome editions are gratis}} {{site active}}
ArchBang Willensky Aristide Stan McLaren2010|iso}} Rolling Rolling {{dunno}}X}} Arch Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Arch Linux Judd Vinet dev team2002|iso}} Rolling Rolling RollingX}} – generalGratis}} {{site active}}
BLAG Brixton Linux Action Group Brixton Linux Action Group2002|iso}} 140k {{dunno}}2011-05-04|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Fedora desktopGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Bodhi Linux Bodhi Linux Team Bodhi Linux Team2011|iso}} 4.5.0[5] {{dunno}}2018-02-24|iso}}X}} Debian, Ubuntu desktop, lightweightGratis}} {{site active}}
Canaima CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community CANTV / CNTI / CENTIDEL / Edelca / VIT / FUNDACITE / Free software community2007|iso}} 5.0 {{dunno}}2016-12-19|iso}}X}} Debian, Ubuntu Government of VenezuelaGratis}} {{site active}}
CentOS CentOS Project CentOS Project2003|iso}} 7.5-1804 10 years2018-05-10|iso}}X}} Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstationGratis}} {{site active}}
Chakra Jan Mette and Arch Linux KDEmod developers The Chakra Project Team2010|iso}} Rolling Rolling {{dunno}}X}} Arch Linux[6] desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Chrome OS Sundar Pichai Google 2009 72.0.3626.122 Rolling 2019-03-05X}} Chromium OS web applications,education,business,enterpriseGratis}} {{site active}}
ClearOS Peter Baldwin ClearFoundation2000|iso}} 7.3.0 {{dunno}}2017-03-04|iso}}X}} RHEL, CentOS server, gateway, networkSome editions are gratis}} {{site active}}
CrunchBang Linux Philip Newborough Philip Newborough2008|iso}} 11 {{dunno}}2013-05-06|iso}}[7]X}} Debian desktopGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Damn Small Linux John Andrews dev team2003|iso}} 4.4.10 {{dunno}}2008-11-18|iso}}[8]X}} Debian, Knoppix lightweight, portableGratis}} {{site active}}
Debian Ian Murdock Debian Project1993|iso}} 9.8 ~3 years2019-02-16|iso}}Debian Social Contract and DFSG}} (main is 100% free, non-free packages are optional)[9] – general, server, desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Debian Edu Debian Project2004|iso}} 8.0+edu0 ~3 years2016-07-03|iso}}[10]Debian Social Contract and DFSG}} – schoolsGratis}} {{site active}}
Devuan The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA) The "Veteran Unix Admins" (VUA)2016|iso}} 1.0.0 {{dunno}}2017-05-25|iso}} {{dunno}} Debian generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Deepin Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., Ltd. Wuhan Deepin Technology Co., Ltd.2004|iso}} 15.9 {{dunno}}2019-01-16|iso}} {{dunno}} Debian(unstable),Ubuntu,Morphix generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre Matias A. Fonzo Matias A. Fonzo2009|iso}} 2.2 {{dunno}}2012-04-21|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Independent, inspired from Slackware generalGratis}} {{site active}}
bolic Jaromil Jaromilx2005|iso}} 3.0.0 {{dunno}}2011-09-08|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Debian multimediaGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Elementary OS Daniel Foré elementary LLC2011|iso}} 5.0 {{dunno}}2018-10-16|iso}}[11]X}}Ubuntu, Debian generalGratis}} {{site active}}
ELinOS SYSGO SYSGO1999|iso}} {{dunno}} 6.12016-07-06|iso}}[12]X}} – embedded systems {{partial}} {{site active}}
Emdebian Grip Embedded Debian Project Embedded Debian Project2009|iso}} 3.1 End-of-life2013-06-15|iso}}X}} Debian embedded systemsGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Fedora Fedora Project Fedora Project2003|iso}} 29 1 year2018-10-30|iso}}Fedora Licensing Guidelines}}[13] – generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Freespire Lindows.com, Inc. PC/OpenSystems LLC2001|iso}} 4.5 {{dunno}}2018-12-20|iso}}X}} Ubuntu desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Gentoo Linux Daniel Robbins Gentoo Foundation, Inc.2002|iso}} Rolling Rolling RollingGentoo Social Contract}} – generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Guix System Distribution Ludovic Courtès Ludovic Courtès, Ricardo Wurmus, the Guix community2012|iso}} 0.16.0 Rolling2018-07-06|iso}}[14]100% Free: GNU FSDG}} – generalGratis}} {{site active}}
gNewSense Brian Brazil and Paul O'Malley Sam Geeraerts with sponsorship from the FSF2006|iso}} 4.0 (Ucclia) {{dunno}}2016-05-02|iso}}[15]100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Debian general, serverGratis}} {{site active}}
gnuLinEx Regional Government of Extremadura dev team2002|iso}} LinEx 2013 {{dunno}}2013-02-11|iso}}X}} Debian desktopGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Grml Michael Prokop The Grml Team2005|iso}} 2017.05 {{dunno}}2017-05-31|iso}}X}} Debian live, maintenance, security, network, forensic, accessibilityGratis}} {{site active}}
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre Hyperbola Founders Hyperbola Founders2017|iso}} 0.2.8[16] 3 years (stable), 5 years (old stable)[17]2019-03-15|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG followed in Hyperbola Social Contract}} Arch Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Instant WebKiosk Marco Buratto Binary Emotions2012|iso}} 16.0 {{dunno}}2017-04-05|iso}}[18]X}} Debian web kiosks, digital signage, personal web navigationGratis}} {{site active}}
Kali Linux Max Moser, Mati Aharoni, Martin J. Muench Offensive Security2013|iso}} 2018.1 {{dunno}}2018-02-06|iso}}[19]X}} Debian auditing, forensic, security, networkGratis}} {{site active}}
Knoppix Klaus Knopper dev team2000|iso}} 8.1 {{dunno}}2017-09-27|iso}}[20]X}} Debian liveGratis}} {{site active}}
Kodibuntu The XBMC Project Team Kodi2008|iso}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}X}} Debian, Ubuntu multimediaGratis}} {{site active}}
Korora Chris Smart Dev Team2005|iso}} 26 {{dunno}}2017-09-16|iso}}[21]X}} Fedora desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
LibreCMC LibreCMC team LibreCMC team2010|iso}} 1.4.2 {{dunno}}2017-12-31|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Merged from LibreWRT embedded systemsGratis}} {{site active}}
Linspire Linspire, Inc. Linspire, Inc.2001|iso}} 7.0 {{dunno}}2018-1-1|iso}}X}} Ubuntu {{dunno}}Commercial}}[22] {{site active}}
Linux Mint Clement Lefebvre dev team2006|iso}} 19.1 ~3 years (LMDE); 5 years (main editions)2018-12-19|iso}}X}} Debian, Ubuntu LTS desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Linux LiteJerry BezenconLinux Lite Team20124.2 {{dunno}}2018-11-01X}}UbuntudesktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Mageia Mageia Community mageia.org2010|iso}} 6 12017-07-16|iso}}[23]X}} Mandriva Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Mandriva Linux Mandrakesoft S.A. Mandriva S.A.1998|iso}} 2011 {{dunno}}2011-08-28|iso}}X}} Red Hat Linux generalSome editions are gratis}} {{site inactive}}
Manjaro Linux Roland Singer dev team2012|iso}}[24] Rolling Rolling RollingX}} Arch Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
MEPIS Warren Woodford MEPIS LLC2003|iso}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}X}} Debian desktop, serverGratis}} {{site inactive}}
Musix GNU+Linux Musix team Musix team2008|iso}} 3.0.1 {{dunno}}2014-03-13|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Debian multimediaGratis}} {{site active}}
Netrunner Blue Systems dev team2009|iso}} 18.03 as per Debian Testing or Manjaro (rolling)2018-03-11|iso}}X}} Debian, Manjaro/Arch desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
NixOS Eelco Dolstra and Armijn Hemel NixOS Foundation2003|iso}} 17.09 6 months2017-10-02|iso}}X}} - general, server, desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Novell Open Enterprise Server Novell Novell, Inc. dev team2003|iso}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}X}} SUSE Linux Enterprise Server serverCommercial}}[25] {{site active}}
OpenELEC Stephan Raue, OpenELEC Team OpenELEC Team2011|iso}} 8.0.4 {{dunno}}2017-06-04|iso}}X}} – multimediaGratis}} {{site active}}
openSUSE SUSE Linux, Novell openSUSE Project2006|iso}} Leap 15.0 3 years[26]2017-07-26|iso}}X}} – general, desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
OpenWrt {{dunno}} OpenWrt team2007|iso}} 15.05.1 {{dunno}}2017-03-16|iso}}X}} – embedded systemsGratis}} {{dunno}}
Oracle Linux Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation2006|iso}} 7.4 {{dunno}}2017-08-08|iso}}X}} Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) serverGratis}} {{site active}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre Parabola Hackers Parabola Hackers2009|iso}} Rolling Rolling2017-05-28|iso}}[27]100% Free: GNU FSDG followed in Parabola Social Contract}} Arch Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Pardus Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) TÜBİTAK2005|iso}} 5 {{dunno}}2015-04-25|iso}}X}} – generalGratis}} {{dunno}}
Parsix Alan Baghumian Parsix Project2005|iso}} 8.15 {{dunno}}2017-01-25|iso}}X}} Debian desktopGratis}} {{site inactive}}
PCLinuxOS Bill Reynolds dev team2003|iso}} 2018.06[28] Semi-rolling2018-06-01|iso}}X}} Mandriva Linux desktopGratis}} {{Active}}
Pop! OS Carl Ritchell System762017|iso}} 18.10 {{dunno}}2018-10-19|iso}}X}} Ubuntu desktop ,server ,laptopGratis}} {{Active}}
Pentoo Michael Zanetta, Rick Farina, Jens Pranaitis Pentoo2005|iso}} 2015.0 RC4.6 {{dunno}}2015-12-02|iso}}X}} Gentoo Linux auditing, securityGratis}} {{site active}}
Porteus Fanthom Porteus2010|iso}} 3.2.2 {{dunno}}2016-12-29|iso}}X}} Slackware lightweight, portableGratis}} {{site active}}
Puppy Linux Barry Kauler Puppy Foundation2003|iso}} 6.3.2 {{dunno}}2016-06-22|iso}}X}} Independent lightweight, portableGratis}} {{site active}}
Qubes OS Joanna Rutkowska Invisible Things Lab2012|iso}} 4.0.1 {{dunno}}2019-01-09|iso}}[29]X}} Xen and Fedora security by compartmentalization, desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) Red Hat Red Hat2002|iso}} 7.6 10 years 2018-10-30[30]X}} Red Hat Linux, Fedora server, workstationCommercial}}[31][32] {{site active}}
Red Hat Linux Red Hat Red Hat1995|iso}} 9 {{dunno}} 2003-03-31X}} – server, workstationGratis}} {{site inactive}}
ROSA {{dunno}} LLC NTC IT ROSA2011|iso}} R10 {{dunno}} 2017-12-04X}}Mandriva lightweight,server,enterpriseGratis}} {{site active}}
Rocks Cluster Distribution UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp UCSD Supercomputing Center, Clustercorp2000|iso}} 7.0 {{dunno}} 2015-12-01X}} Red Hat Linux server, workstationGratis}} {{site active}}
Sabayon Linux Fabio Erculiani dev team2005|iso}} 17.12 {{dunno}} 2017-11-29[33]X}} Gentoo Linux generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Salix OS Cyrille Pontvieux, George Vlahavas, Pierrick Le Brun, Thorsten Mühlfelder Salix team2009|iso}} 14.2 {{dunno}}2016-08-29|iso}}X}} Slackware generalGratis}} {{dunno}}
Scientific Linux CERN, Fermilab dev team2004|iso}} 7.4 {{dunno}} 2017-10-02X}} Red Hat Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server, workstation, supercomputerGratis}} {{site active}}
Slackware Patrick Volkerding dev team1993|iso}} 14.2[34] {{dunno}} 2016-06-30X}} Softlanding Linux System (SLS) generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Slax Tomas Matejicek Tomas Matejicek2002|iso}} 9.3.0 {{dunno}} 2017-12-24[35]X}} Debian, Slackware (until Slax 9) liveGratis}} {{site active}}
SliTaz GNU/Linux Christophe Lincoln dev team2008|iso}} Rolling Rolling2017-12-03|iso}}X}} Independent portableGratis}} {{site active}}
Solus Ikey Doherty dev team2005|iso}} Rolling Rolling2017-08-15|iso}}X}} – desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
SolydXK Arjen Balfoort dev team2013|iso}} 201801 Debian packages as per Debian2018-01-23|iso}}X}} Debian desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
SparkyLinux {{dunno}} Sparky Linux team2012|iso}} 5.6.2 {{dunno}}2019-01-04|iso}}X}} Debian general, video gamesGratis}} {{site active}}
Source Mage GNU/Linux Ryan Abrams, Eric Schabell dev team2002|iso}} 0.62-11 {{dunno}}2017-10-22|iso}}Source Mage Social Contract}} Sorcerer generalGratis}} {{site active}}
SteamOS Valve Corporation Valve Corporation2013|iso}} 2.148 {{dunno}}2018-01-23|iso}}X}} Debian video gamesGratis}} {{site active}}
SUSE Linux Enterprise SUSE Microfocus2000|iso}} 12SP3 {{dunno}} 2017-09-07X}} Slackware, Jurix workstation, server ,supercomputerCommercial}}[36] {{site active}}
Tails {{dunno}} Tails Development Team2009|iso}} 3.8 – 2018-06-26X}} Debian security-focused aimed for anonymity and privacyGratis}} {{site active}}
Tiny Core Linux Robert Shingledecker Team Tiny Core2009|iso}} 8.2.1 {{dunno}}2017-11-07|iso}}X}} Independent portableGratis}} {{site active}}
Tor-ramdisk Anthony G. Basile dev team2008|iso}} 20151215 {{dunno}}2015-12-15|iso}}X}} Gentoo Linux Embedded, uClibc Tor serverGratis}} {{site active}}
Trisquel GNU/Linux Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam) Rubén Rodríguez Pérez (quidam)2005|iso}} 8.0 5 years2018-04-18|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Ubuntu LTS desktopGratis}} {{site active}}
TurnKey GNU/Linux Alon Swartz, Liraz Siri TurnKey GNU/Linux Team2008|iso}} 14.1 Debian packages as per Debian; TurnKey packages for life of current major version (plus backports per request)2016-04-15|iso}}[37]Debian Social Contract and DFSG}} Debian server based software appliance library aiming to balance security and ease of useGratis}} {{site active}}
Ubuntu and Derivatives[38] Canonical Ltd. Canonical Ltd.2004|iso}} 18.10 Standard releases 1 year, LTS releases 5 years. Flavor LTS releases 3 or 5 years.2018-10-18|iso}}[39]X}} Debian general, server, desktop ,supercomputerGratis}} {{site active}}
Univention Corporate Server Univention GmbH Univention GmbH2004|iso}} 4.3 up to 6 months for the free Core Edition; if maintenance is purchased, it's up to 7 years, see:[40]2018-03-14|iso}}X}} Debian home, business, and schoolCore Edition is gratis}} {{site active}}
Ututo Diego Saravia, Daniel Olivera UTUTO dev team2000|iso}} XS 2012 {{dunno}}2012-04-27|iso}}100% Free: GNU FSDG}} Ututo XS: Gentoo Linux, Ututo UL: Ubuntu generalGratis}} {{site active}}
VectorLinux Robert S. Lange dev team1999|iso}} 7.1 {{dunno}} 2015-06-27X}} Slackware desktopGratis}} {{dunno}}
Void Linux Juan Romero Pardines Juan RP and contributors2008|iso}} Rolling Rolling2017-10-07|iso}}X}} – generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Webconverger Kai Hendry Webconverger Limited2007|iso}} 35.0 {{dunno}}2016-05-19|iso}}X}} Debian kiosk software, digital signageCommercial}} {{site active}}
Xandros Xandros Incorporated Xandros Incorporated2001|iso}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}2007-07-26|iso}}X}} Corel Linux {{dunno}}Commercial}} {{site inactive}}
Zentyal eBox Technologies eBox Technologies2005|iso}} 5 {{dunno}}2016-11-29|iso}}X}} Debian, Ubuntu small business serverSome editions are gratis}} {{dunno}}
Zenwalk Jean-Philippe Guillemin dev team2004|iso}} Rolling[41] {{dunno}} 2018-03-09X}} Slackware generalGratis}} {{site active}}
Zorin OSZorin GroupZorin Group200912.4 {{dunno}}2018-09-13 {{dunno}}Ubuntugeneral, desktop ,windows & mac-like experienceZorin OS Lite & Core are free, while Business and Ultimate are paid for} {{site active}}
Distribution Founder Maintainer Initial release year Current stable version Security updates (years) Release date System distribution commitment Forked from Target audience Cost Status
1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html |title=List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation |website=Gnu.org |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.8.0-released.html|title=Alpine 3.8.0 released|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Alpine Linux|accessdate=2018-07-07}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.altlinux.com/en/news/archive/2013/07/item/697/ |title=ALT Linux releases Centaurus 7.0 and Simply Linux 7.0 based on the Seventh Platform |website=Altlinux.com |date=2013-07-10 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://antix.mepis.org/index.php?title=Main_Page#News|title=Main Page - antiX|last=|first=|date=|website=Antix.mepis.org|accessdate=2017-06-17}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bodhilinux.com/2018/02/24/bodhi-linux-4-5-0-released/ |publisher=Bodhi Linux |accessdate=24 February 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web | url=http://chakraos.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chakra_Linux#History | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522090908/http://chakraos.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chakra_Linux#History | dead-url=yes | archive-date=22 May 2014 | title=Chakra - History | accessdate=1 October 2015 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://crunchbang.org/forums/viewtopic.php?pid=306356#p306356 |title=CrunchBang 11 "Waldorf" Released (Page 1) / News & Announcements / CrunchBang Linux Forums |website=Crunchbang.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/static/act-ST/f-4/t-20519.html |title=iB::Topic::dsl 4.4.10 |website=Damnsmalllinux.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-and-debian-join-forces-to-help-free-software-users-find-the-hardware-they-need|title=FSF and Debian join forces to help free software users find the hardware they need — Free Software Foundation — working together for free software|website=www.fsf.org|language=en|access-date=2017-11-13}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-edu-announce/2015/04/msg00000.html |title=Distribution Release: Debian Edu/Skolelinux 8+edu0 |accessdate=2016-07-03 |publisher=Distrowatch |date= 2016-07-03}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/elementaryos/elementary-os-5-juno-is-here-471dfdedc7b3|title=New Release: elementary OS Juno 5.0|last=|first=|date=2018-10-16|website=Blog.elementary.io|accessdate=2018-10-16}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.sysgo.com/news-events/news-and-articles/article/sysgo-elinos-version-61-industrial-grade-linux/ | title=SYSGO ELinOS Version 6.1, Industrial Grade Linux | publisher=sysgo.com | date=6 July 2016 | accessdate=4 October 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing:Main | title=Licensing:Main - FedoraProject | publisher=Fedora Project | date=2017-08-11 | accessdate=2017-08-11}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/blog/2018/gnu-guix-and-guixsd-0.16.0-released/|title=GNU Guix and GuixSD 0.16.0 released|publisher=Savannah|author=Ludovic Courtès|date=2018-12-06|accessdate=2018-12-09}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/gnewsense-users/2016-05/msg00000.html | title=gNewSense 4.0 released | publisher=lists.nongnu.org | accessdate=8 May 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=Milky Way v0.2.8 install medium release|publisher=Hyperbola Project|date=2019-03-15|access-date=2019-03-16|url=https://www.hyperbola.info/news/milky-way-v028-install-medium-release/}}
17. ^{{cite web|website=Hyperwiki|title=Releases|date=2017-11-16|access-date=2018-12-07|url=https://wiki.hyperbola.info/doku.php?id=en:main:releases}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.osemotions.com/instant-webkiosk/instant-webkiosk-changelog/|title=Changelog|last=|first=|date=|website=osemotions.com|accessdate=2017-06-17}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.kali.org/news/kali-linux-2018-1-release/|title=Kali Linux 2018.1 Release|last=|first=|date=|website=Kali.org|accessdate=2018-03-23}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html|title=What is KNOPPIX®?|first=|date=|website=Knopper.net|author=|accessdate=2017-12-01}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://kororaproject.org/about/news/korora-26-is-here|title=Korora 26 is here|first=|date=2017-09-16|website=kororaproject.org|publisher=|author=|accessdate=2017-12-01}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://shop.linspire.com/shopping/shopping_cartcontents.php |title=青汁選びのパートナー｜カルシウム不足にコレ！～ユーグレナ青汁～ |website=Shop.linspire.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Mageia_6_Release_Notes |title=Mageia 6 Release Notes - Mageia wiki |website=Wiki.mageia.org |date=2017-07-16 |accessdate=2017-07-16}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=959229|title=Manjaro Linux Distribution|last=Singer|first=Roland (ying)|publisher=Community Contributions, Arch Linux Forums|date=2011-07-10|accessdate=2015-12-12|quote=Hi all, I am working now since a longer time on my arch linux livecd. It is called manjaro linux and uses the Desktop Environment Xfce. I uploaded a first testing livecd which is very experimental and many features are still missing. I would be thankful for any bugs reported,.... or if somebody wants to help and join the project he is always welcome.}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novell.com/products/openenterpriseserver/howtobuy.html |title=How to Buy - Open Enterprise Server | Micro Focus |website=Novell.com |date=1970-01-01 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
26. ^{{cite web |title=Lifetime |url=https://en.opensuse.org/Lifetime|publisher=Lifetime|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
27. ^{{cite web | url = https://wiki.parabola.nu/Get_Parabola | title = Get Parabola | website = parabola.nu}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=pclinuxos |title=PCLinuxOS 2018.06 | publisher=distrowatch.com | accessdate=9 April 2017}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.qubes-os.org/news/2018/03/28/qubes-40/ |title=Qubes OS 4.0 has been released! | Qubes OS Project |website=Qubes-os.org |date=2018-03-28|accessdate=2018-03-29}}
30. ^>{{Cite web|url=https://access.redhat.com/announcements/3669291|title=Red Hat Refines Hybrid Cloud Innovation with Latest Version of the World’s Leading Enterprise Linux Platform, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.6|website=access.redhat.com|access-date=2018-10-30}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.redhat.com/apps/store/server/rhel.html |title=Enterprise Linux |publisher=Red Hat |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.redhat.com/apps/store/desktop/ |title=Enterprise Linux Desktop Operating Systems |publisher=Red Hat |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=sabayon|title=DistroWatch.com: Sabayon|first=|last=DistroWatch|website=distrowatch.com}}
34. ^{{Citation | url=http://www.slackware.com/announce/14.2.php | title= Slackware Release Announcement | date=30 June 2016 | publisher=The Slackware Linux Project}}
35. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.slax.org/en/blog/24578-Slax-9.3-is-here.html | title=Slax 9.3 is here | publisher=slax.org | accessdate=23 March 2018}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.suse.com/products/server/how-to-buy/ |title=How To Buy - SUSE Linux Enterprise Server |publisher=SUSE |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/14.1-bugfixes-maintenance-and-more |title=v14.1 Release - Bugfixes, Maintenance and More |publisher=TurnKey GNU/Linux |website=TurnKey GNU/Linux |date=2016-04-15 |accessdate=2016-06-08}}
38. ^{{cite web | url=https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DerivativeTeam/Derivatives#Recognised_Flavors | title=Ubuntu Ecosystem - Recognised Flavors}}
39. ^{{cite web| title = Cosmic Cuttlefish Release Notes |publisher=Canonical| work = Ubuntu Wiki| date = 2018-10-18| url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CosmicCuttlefish/ReleaseNotes}}
40. ^{{cite web| title = Prices and subscriptions |publisher=Univention|| url = https://www.univention.com/products/prices-and-subscriptions/}}
41. ^{{cite web | url=https://zenwalkgnulinux.blogspot.fr/2018/03/new-zenwalk-current-iso-for-march-2018.html | title=New Zenwalk Current ISO for March 2018 | accessdate=24 March 2018}}
42. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.en.html|title=gnu.org|website=www.gnu.org}}
43. ^{{cite web|author=Čeština |url=http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide#Set_Filesystem_Mountpoints |title=Installation guide - ArchWiki |website=Wiki.archlinux.org |date=2016-10-31 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
44. ^{{cite web | url=http://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd/ | title=Index of /debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd |accessdate=2015-03-07}}
45. ^[https://wiki.debian.org/ReproducibleBuilds ReproducibleBuilds - Debian]
46. ^[https://lwn.net/Articles/757118/ Toward a fully reproducible Debian]
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49. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/lh/gnewsense/packages-parkes/linux-2.6/view/head:/debian/README.gNewSense|title=/gnewsense/packages-parkes/linux-2.6 : contents of debian/README.gNewSense at revision 16|website=bzr.savannah.gnu.org}}
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53. ^{{cite web|url=https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Installation_Guides |title=Installation Guides - Manjaro Linux |website=Wiki.manjaro.org |date=2015-11-26 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=https://manjaro.org/get-manjaro/|title=Get Manjaro|publisher=Manjaro Linux|accessdate=2018-02-03}}
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56. ^{{cite web|url=https://openwrt.org/docs/techref/filesystems |title=Filesystems [OpenWrt Wiki] |website=openwrt.org |date=2018-06-07 |accessdate=2018-06-11}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=https://openwrt.org/docs/techref/procd |title=What is procd? [OpenWrt Wiki] |website=openwrt.org |date=2018-03-04 |accessdate=2018-06-11}}
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59. ^Prior to v7.0, Scientific Linux used sysvinit. Since v7.0, it uses systemd. {{cite web|url=http://ftp.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/7.0/x86_64/release-notes/ | title=Scientific Linux 7.0 Release Notes | website=ScientificLinux.org |date=2014-10-14 |accessdate=2016-12-27}}
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62. ^  {{dead link|date=November 2016}}
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74. ^{{cite mailing list | url = http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2006-May/012921.html | title = EOL notice for CentOS-4/sparc beta release | author = Pasi Pirhonen | mailinglist = CentOS-announce | date = 2006-05-24}}
75. ^1 {{cite mailing list | url = http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2005-July/011969.html | title = CentOS-4.1 s390(x) Release Announcement | author = Pasi Pirhonen | mailinglist = CentOS-announce | date = 2005-06-24}}
76. ^{{cite mailing list | url = http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2005-June/000400.html | title = CentOS-4/alpha 4.1beta is there to play | author = Pasi Pirhonen | mailinglist = CentOS-announce | date = 2005-06-26}}
77. ^{{cite mailing list | url = http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2006-June/012979.html | title = EOL notification for CentOS-4/axp (alpha) | author = Pasi Pirhonen | mailinglist = CentOS-announce | date = 2006-06-25}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.debian.org/ports/ |title=Ports |publisher=Debian |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
79. ^{{cite mailing list | url = https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2014/03/msg00009.html | title = Debian Installer Jessie Alpha 1 release | author = Cyril Brulebois | mailinglist = debian-devel-announce | date = 2014-03-19}}
80. ^{{cite mailing list | url = http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2007/07/msg00006.html | title = Retiring the sparc32 port | author = Jurij Smakov | mailinglist = debian-devel-announce | date = 2007-07-18}}
81. ^{{cite mailing list | url = https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2014/04/msg00012.html | title = SPARC removed from Jessie | author = Philipp Kern | mailinglist = debian-devel-announce | date = 2014-04-26}}
82. ^{{cite web |title=RISC-V - Debian Wiki |url=https://wiki.debian.org/RISC-V |accessdate=14 July 2018}}
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85. ^{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/SPARC | title=Architectures/SPARC | accessdate=2012-05-19}}
86. ^{{cite web | url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/ARM | title=Architectures/ARM | accessdate=2010-07-20}}
87. ^{{cite web | url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/MIPS | title=Architectures/MIPS | accessdate=2011-01-27}}
88. ^{{cite web |title=Architectures/RISC-V - Fedora Project Wiki |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/RISC-V |accessdate=14 July 2018}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/where.xml |title=Downloads – Gentoo Linux |website=Gentoo.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml |title=Project:ARM - Gentoo Wiki |website=Gentoo.org |date=2016-05-21 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:MIPS |title=Project:MIPS - Gentoo Wiki |website=Wiki.gentoo.org |date=2016-06-28 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
92. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/gentoo-mips-faq.xml#hw-what |title=MIPS/FAQ - Gentoo Wiki |website=Gentoo.org |date=2015-11-05 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
93. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/mips-requirements.xml | title = Gentoo/MIPS Linux Hardware Requirements}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/download/ |title=Downloads – GuixSD |website=gnu.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-15}}
95. ^{{cite web |title=POWER (ppc64le) porting |url=https://issues.hyperbola.info/index.php?do=details&task_id=1336 |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
96. ^{{cite web |title=RISC-V (riscv64) porting + multilib support |url=https://issues.hyperbola.info/index.php?do=details&task_id=1338 |accessdate=11 January 2019}}
97. ^{{cite web |url=https://manjaro32.org/ |title=manjaro32.org |publisher=manjaro32 |accessdate=2018-02-03 }}
98. ^{{cite web |url=http://manjaro-arm.org/index.php |title=Home |publisher=Manjaro Arm |date=2016-10-20 |accessdate=2016-11-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026185145/http://manjaro-arm.org/index.php |archivedate=2016-10-26 |df= }}
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100. ^1 no longer listed at site
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.opensuse.org/SPARC |title=openSUSE:SPARC - openSUSE |website=En.opensuse.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
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103. ^{{cite web|url=http://openwrt.org/ |title=OpenWrt |publisher=OpenWrt |date=2015-12-16 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
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105. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/linux/product/specifications/index.html |title=Linux Operating System | Technologies |publisher=Oracle |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
106. ^{{cite web|url=https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/gnu-linux-libre/2018-06/msg00017.html|author=Andreas Grapentin|title=Re: [GNU-linux-libre] ppc64el support in endorsed distros}}
107. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.parabola.nu/news/parabola-supports-armv7/|title= Parabola GNU/Linux-libre supports ARMv7|last=Delgado|first=André Fabian Silva|date=3 October 2015|access-date=30 January 2016}}
108. ^{{cite web |url=https://wiki.parabola.nu/ARM_Installation_Guide|title=ARM Installation Guide|access-date=30 January 2016}}
109. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://wiki.parabola.nu/index.php?title=MIPS_Installation&oldid=19224|title=MIPS Installation - Parabola Wiki}}
110. ^{{cite web|url=https://mirror.grapentin.org/parabola-ports/|title=Index of /parabola-ports/|website=mirror.grapentin.org}}
111. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.redflag-linux.com/news/today/1000001225.html |title=今日红旗-新闻中心-北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司 |website=Redflag-linux.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
112. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.redflag-linux.com/product/server/rfas4/ |title=Red Flag Asianux Server 4-应用服务器-产品-北京中科红旗软件技术有限公司 |website=Redflag-linux.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
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114. ^1 2 3   {{dead link|date=November 2016}}
115. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.redhat.com/rhel/compare/ |title=We make open source technologies for the enterprise |website=Redhat.com |date=2016-10-13 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
116. ^{{cite web|url=https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7-Beta/html-single/7.0_Release_Notes/index.html#ftn.idp14572704 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-02-23 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302045721/https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7-Beta/html-single/7.0_Release_Notes/index.html |archivedate=2014-03-02 |df= }}
117. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.redhat.com/software/rhel/21features/ |title=redhat.com | Enterprise Linux 2.1 |website=Web.archive.org |date=2003-12-09 |accessdate=2016-11-12 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031209080308/http://www.redhat.com/software/rhel/21features/ |archivedate=2003-12-09 |df= }}
118. ^RHEL 4 is the last version to support 31-bit s390. RHEL 5 only supports 64-bit s390x.
119. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slackware.com/ports/sparc/ |title=The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Ports |website=Slackware.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
120. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://ftp.slackware.pl/pub/slack390/ |title=Index of /pub/slack390 |website=Ftp.slackware.pl |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
121. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slackware.com/ports/alpha/ |title=The Slackware Linux Project: Slackware Ports |website=Slackware.com |date=2002-07-19 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
122. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novell.com/products/server/techspecs.html |title=SUSE Linux Enterprise Server | SUSE |website=Novell.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
123. ^{{cite web |title= SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 Release Notes |date= September 7, 2017 |publisher= SUSE |url= https://www.suse.com/releasenotes/x86_64/SUSE-SLES/12-SP3/ |access-date= September 12, 2017 }}
124. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-x86_64-ramdisk|title=x86_64 Port|website=Opensource.dyc.edu|date=|accessdate=2016-11-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428180200/http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-x86_64-ramdisk|archivedate=2016-04-28|df=}}
125. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-mips-ramdisk|title=Tor-ramdisk MIPS Port|website=Opensource.dyc.edu|date=|accessdate=2016-11-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428180641/http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-mips-ramdisk|archivedate=2016-04-28|df=}}
126. ^{{cite web|url=http://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/ |title=aports - Main aports tree |website=Git.alpinelinux.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
127. ^{{cite web|url=http://sisyphus.ru/ |title=Sisyphus - intro |website=Sisyphus.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
128. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.archlinux.org/packages/ |title=Arch Linux - Package Search |author= |date= |website=Archlinux.org |publisher= |accessdate=2018-04-20 |quote=}}
129. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ |title=AUR (en) - Packages |author= |date= |website=Aur.archlinux.org |publisher= |accessdate=2018-04-20 |quote=}}
130. ^{{cite web |url=http://forums.blagblagblag.org/viewtopic.php?p=25681#25681 |title=BLAG • View topic - rolling or frozen |website=Forums.blagblagblag.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328031751/http://forums.blagblagblag.org/viewtopic.php?p=25681#25681 |archive-date=2016-03-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
131. ^{{cite web | url=https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/stats/ | archive-url=https://archive.is/20151129140106/https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/stats/ | dead-url=yes | archive-date=29 November 2015 | title=Fedora Package Database | publisher=fedoraproject.org | accessdate=28 November 2015 }}
132. ^{{cite web |url=http://chakra-project.org/packages/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315063910/http://www.chakra-project.org/packages/ |archivedate=2013-03-15 |df= }}
133. ^{{cite web|url=http://chakraos.org/ccr/ |title=Chakra | CCR (en) - Home |website=Chakraos.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
134. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://packages.debian.org/stable/allpackages?format=txt.gz |format=TXT |title=All Debian packages in "Stretch" |website=Packages.debian.org |accessdate=2018-06-09}}
135. ^https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/stats/{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
136. ^{{cite web|url=https://src.fedoraproject.org/|title=Fedora Package Database|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=fedoraproject.org|accessdate=20 October 2017}}
137. ^{{cite web|url=https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/search?q=-bin|title=Search Results for -bin|website=packages.gentoo.org|publisher=Gentoo Foundation, Inc|date=12 October 2015|accessdate=12 October 2015}}
138. ^{{cite web|title=Gentoo Packages|work=packages.gentoo.org|url=http://packages.gentoo.org/|publisher=Gentoo Foundation, Inc|date=28 November 2015|accessdate=28 November 2015}}
139. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/packages/ |title=Packages — GuixSD |date=2018-12-06 |accessdate=2018-12-09}}
140. ^{{cite web|url=http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2017-01/msg00438.html|title=Graphical Installer - Call for Testing|date=2017-01-04|access-date=2017-07-11}}
141. ^{{cite web|title=Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre packages|access-date=2018-12-07|url=https://www.hyperbola.info/packages/}}
142. ^{{cite web |title=Linux Free Software Catalog and Packages Search|url=http://pkgs.org/#mageia-1|publisher=Linux Free Software Catalog and Packages Search|accessdate=23 December 2011}}
143. ^{{cite web|url=http://pkgsubmit.mageia.org/ |title=Build system status |website=Pkgsubmit.mageia.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
144. ^{{cite web|url=https://calamares.io/ |title=Calamares – The universal installer framework |accessdate=2018-02-03}}
145. ^{{cite web|url=https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Graphical_Software_Managers |title=Graphical Software Managers - Manjaro Linux |website=Wiki.manjaro.org |date=2016-07-18 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
146. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/OpenELEC/OpenELEC.tv/tree/master/packages |title=OpenELEC.tv/packages at master · OpenELEC/OpenELEC.tv · GitHub |website=Github.com |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
147. ^Stats for openSUSE_(Factory|Tumleweed) counting the entris in the package database file http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/repodata/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml.gz. Count no architecture and 64bit architecture only to avoid duplicate count via grep 'package pkgid="' '/tmp/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml' | grep noarch | wc (which gives 16000 and grep 'package pkgid="' '/tmp/662416e0920e2bc2bb5ca45e337dcab310325f28ab1e5661d6f876b8dc232103-susedata.xml' | grep x86_64 | wc (which gives 19000). the script http://inai.de/files/dist/countpkg-suse3 -r 'openSUSE_(Factory|Tumbleweed)', which inspects the project list from the openSUSE.org Build Service instance and discounts non-SUSE and home projects. Numbers for 13.2: 63438 bin, 32707 src; for 42.1: 43401 bin, 17428 src. This script seems to count all architectures, so the 63'000 suse number could then be compared to a 630'000 debian number - but debian does not support 10 times more software - so better only count the most popular architecture as for the other entries here.
148. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.parabola.nu/packages/|title=Parabola GNU/Linux-libre - Package Search|accessdate=14 July 2018}}
149. ^{{cite web|url=http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL |title=EPEL |publisher=FedoraProject |date=2016-05-26 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
150. ^{{cite web|url=http://pkgs.slitaz.org/search.sh?version=s |title=3383 packages and 430719 files in stable database (Sat 22 Oct 2016 04:04:55 PM UTC) |website=Pkgs.slitaz.org|accessdate=2016-11-12}}
151. ^{{cite web|author=SliTaz Contributors |url=http://tiny.slitaz.org/ |title=Builder |publisher=Tiny SliTaz |date=2016-07-22 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
152. ^{{cite web|title=All Trisquel Packages in "belenos"|url=http://packages.trisquel.info/belenos/allpackages?format=txt.gz|work=Trisquel|accessdate=2015-09-11|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110002406/http://packages.trisquel.info/belenos/allpackages?format=txt.gz|archivedate=2016-01-10|df=}}
153. ^{{cite web |title=All Ubuntu Packages in "artful"|url=https://packages.ubuntu.com/artful/allpackages?format=txt.gz|work=Canonical|accessdate=2017-06-19}}
154. ^{{cite web|title=Download gNewSense 4|url=http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/Download|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206115438/http://www.gnewsense.org/Main/Download|archive-date=2017-12-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}
155. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/guix/manual/en/html_node/USB-Stick-and-DVD-Installation.html#USB-Stick-and-DVD-Installation|title=GNU Guix Reference Manual, 6.1.3: USB Stick and DVD Installation|access-date=2018-08-29}}
156. ^{{cite web |title=Get Manjaro |url=https://manjaro.org/get-manjaro/ |access-date=2018-02-03}}
157. ^Pentoo Development Website {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108084126/http://trac.pentoo.ch/wiki/Livecd/Installation |date=January 8, 2010 }}
158. ^{{cite web | url=//ftp1.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/livecd/63/i386/ | title=Scientific Linux i386 Live CD/DVD | accessdate=2012-09-26 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920044815/http://ftp1.scientificlinux.org/linux/scientific/livecd/63/i386/ | archivedate=2012-09-20 | df= }}
159. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-ramdisk-quickstart|title=Quickstart|website=Opensource.dyc.edu|date=|accessdate=2016-11-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212227/http://opensource.dyc.edu/tor-ramdisk-quickstart|archivedate=2016-03-03|df=}}
160. ^{{cite web | url=https://trisquel.info/en/download | title=Download Trisquel GNU/Linux | publisher=trisquel.info | accessdate=5 November 2014}}
161. ^{{cite web | url=http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/ | title=Ubuntu 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) | publisher=ubuntu.com | accessdate=13 May 2018}}
162. ^{{cite web | url=http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/releases/14.04/release/ | title=Edubuntu 14.04.3 LTS (Trusty Tahr) | publisher=ubuntu.com | accessdate=9 August 2015}}
163. ^{{cite web | url=http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/16.04/release/ | title=Kubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) | publisher=ubuntu.com | accessdate=8 May 2016}}
164. ^{{cite web | url=http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/16.04/release/ | title=Xubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) | website=Ubuntu.com | accessdate=8 May 2016}}
165. ^{{cite web |url=http://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/main/x86/fortify-headers |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-07-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804031141/http://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/main/x86/fortify-headers |archivedate=2015-08-04 |df= }}
166. ^{{cite web|url=http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/69/Access_Control_with_SELinux.pdf|title=Mandatory Access Control with SELinux|format=PDF|website=3.linux-magazine.com|accessdate=2007-12-24|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013005525/http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/69/Access_Control_with_SELinux.pdf|archivedate=2007-10-13|df=}}
167. ^{{cite web |url=http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/fc1/x86/#kernel-notes |title=Release Notes |website=Docs.fedoraproject.org |date= |accessdate=2016-11-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031202145058/http://fedora.redhat.com/docs/release-notes/#kernel-notes |archivedate=2003-12-02 |df= }}
168. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://wiki.parabola.nu/Xtreme|title=Xtreme - ParabolaWiki|website=wiki.parabola.nu}}
169. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.suse.com/documentation/apparmor/apparmor201_sp10_admin/data/book_apparmor_admin.html |title=Novell Doc: Novell AppArmor Administration Guide - Novell AppArmor Administration Guide |website=Suse.com |date=2007-05-16 |accessdate=2016-11-12}}
170. ^{{cite web |url=https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_Features |title=Security Features |accessdate=2009-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204121221/http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE%3ASecurity_Features |archivedate=December 4, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }}

Technical

The table below shows the default file system, but many Linux distributions support some or all of ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. It is possible to install Linux onto most of these file systems. The ext file systems, namely ext2, ext3, and ext4 are based on the original Linux file system.

File systems have been developed by companies to meet their specific needs, by hobbyists, or adapted from Unix, Microsoft Windows, and other operating systems. Linux has full support for XFS and JFS, FAT (the DOS file system), and HFS, the main file system for the Macintosh. Support for Microsoft Windows NT's NTFS file system has been developed and is now comparable with other native Unix file systems. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs' ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF) are supported.

Unlike other operating systems, Linux and Unix allow any file system regardless of the medium it is stored on, whether that medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk (CD, DVD, etc.), a USB flash memory key, or even contained within a file located on another file system. Similarly, many C compilers (mainly GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)), init systems (mainly sysvinit), desktop environments and window managers are widely supported.

DistributionDefault Linux kernelDefault file systemDefault init systemInstall-time desktop environment or window manager selectionReproducible builds
Alpine LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4 openrc {{no2}} none {{no}}
ALT LinuxBinary blobs}} ext3 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce {{no}}
Arch LinuxBinary blobs}}[42] none[43] systemd {{no2}} none {{no}}
BLAGLinux-libre}} ext3 sysvinit GNOME {{no}}
Bodhi LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd Moksha (Enlightenment fork) {{no}}
CanaimaBinary blobs}}[42] {{dunno}} {{dunno}} Cinnamon and MATE {{no}}
CentOSBinary blobs}}[42] xfs systemd GNOME {{no}}
ChakraBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
ClearOSBinary blobs}} ext3 {{dunno}} {{No2}} none (Web based) {{no}}
CoreOSBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd None {{no}}
CrunchBang LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4 sysvinit Openbox {{no}}
Damn Small LinuxBinary blobs}} ext3 sysvinit JWM {{no}}
DebianBy default Linux-libre, but the Debian Project also hosts a non-free repository allowing blobs to be installed optionally.}}[42] Built with Linux-libre tools.[51] ext4 systemd GNOME, KDE, Xfce, LXDE[44]In progress}}[45][46]
Devuan {{dunno}} ext4 sysvinit Xfce {{no}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-LibreLinux-libre}} ext4 runit Xfce {{no}}
bolicLinux-libre}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} GNOME {{no}}
FedoraBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd GNOME (default Workstation Edition), Spins for: KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, LXDE, MATE (with Compiz), Cinnamon, Sugar on a StickIn progress}}[47]
FuntooBinary blobs}} none openrc None {{no}}
GentooBinary blobs}} none openrc Awesome, Enlightenment, Fluxbox, GNOME, KDE, LXDE-Meta, Openbox, XBMC and Xfce (live DVD)[48] {{no}}
gNewSenseDebian Linux kernel, and (unlike Debian) blobs cannot be installed}}[49] ext3 sysvinit GNOME {{no}}
gnuLinExBinary blobs}} ext2 {{dunno}} GNOME {{no}}
GuixSDLinux-libre}} btrfs, ext4 GNU Shepherd GNOME, Xfce, Mate, Enlightenment, i3, ratpoison, xmonad {{no}}
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libreLinux-libre}} none openrc[50]none}} {{no}}
Instant WebKioskBinary blobs}} SquashFS {{dunno}} Has no DE. It's a browser-only interface {{no}}
Kali LinuxBinary blobs}} ext3 systemd GNOME {{no}}
KnoppixBinary blobs}} xfs microknoppix LXDE {{no}}
LibreCMC[51]Binary blobs}} ext4 busybox-init {{No2}} none {{no}}
Linux Mint[52]Binary blobs}}[42] ext4 systemd MATE, Cinnamon, KDE 4, XFCE {{no}}
MageiaBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME {{no}}
Mandriva LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
Manjaro LinuxBinary blobs}} none[53] systemd Xfce, KDE, GNOME [54] {{no}}
MEPISBinary blobs}} ext3, ext4 sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
Musix GNU+Linux[55]Linux-libre}} ext4 initscripts LXDE {{no}}
OpenELECBinary blobs}} SquashFS shell script XBMC Media Center {{no}}
openSUSEBinary blobs}} btrfs systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, Xfce {{no}}
OpenWrtBinary blobs}} overlayfs+SquashFS/JFFS2[56] procd[57] {{no2}} none {{no}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libreLinux-libre}} none openrc or systemd {{no2}} none {{no}}
PardusBinary blobs}} ext4 {{dunno}} KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
ParsixBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd GNOME {{no}}
PCLinuxOSBinary blobs}} none sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME, LXDE, Xfce, Enlightenment, Openbox {{no}}
PentooBinary blobs}} SquashFS openrc Enlightenment {{no}}
PorteusBinary blobs}} Squashfs, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT32, reiser, xfs sysvinit KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Openbox, Razor-qt {{no}}
Puppy LinuxBinary blobs}} SquashFS containing ext2 busybox-init JWM {{no}}
Red Hat Enterprise LinuxBinary blobs}} xfs systemd GNOME {{no}}
Rxart DesktopBinary blobs}} ext3 {{dunno}} KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
Sabayon LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4[58] systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces, GNOME {{no}}
Scientific LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4sysvinit, systemd[59] GNOME {{no}}
SlackwareBinary blobs}}[42] ext4 BSD init scripts KDE Plasma Workspaces, Xfce, Fluxbox, Blackbox, twm {{no}}
SlaxBinary blobs}} SquashFS sysvinit KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
SliTaz GNU/LinuxBinary blobs}} ext3 busybox-init Openbox {{no}}
SolusBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd Budgie, Gnome, MATE {{no}}
Source Mage GNU/LinuxBinary blobs}} ext2 simpleinit-msb {{no2}} none {{no}}
SteamOSBinary blobs}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}Steam}} {{no}}
SUSE Linux Enterprise DesktopBinary blobs}}[42] ext3 systemd GNOME {{no}}
TailsVanilla Linux}}[42] {{dunno}} systemd GNOME {{no}}
Tor-ramdiskBinary blobs}} ext2 {{dunno}} {{no2}} none {{no}}
TrisquelLinux-libre}} ext4, xfs systemd GNOME, LXDE {{no}}
TurnKey GNU/LinuxBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd none - headless server by design; provides Webmin for administration {{no}}
Ubuntu/EdubuntuBinary blobs}}[42] ext4[60] systemd Unity {{no}}
Ubuntu GNOMEBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd GNOME 3 {{no}}
Ubuntu MATEBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd MATE {{no}}
KubuntuBinary blobs}} ext4[60] systemd KDE Plasma Workspaces {{no}}
XubuntuBinary blobs}} ext4[60] systemd Xfce {{no}}
LubuntuBinary blobs}} ext4 systemd LXDE {{no}}
UtutoUtuto XS (stable) is de-blobed with Linux-libre tools.[61] Ututo UL (development) uses Linux-libre. Ututo UL means "Ubuntu-Libre"}} ext3 {{dunno}} GNOME {{no}}
VectorLinuxBinary blobs}} ReiserFS sysvinit KDE, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Xfce {{no}}
Void LinuxBinary blobs}} none runit {{no2}} none {{no}}
WebconvergerBinary blobs}} gitfs sysvinit dwm enforcing a Browser-only interface {{no}}
XBMC LiveBinary blobs}} ext3 systemd XBMC Media Center {{no}}
ZentyalBinary blobs}} ext4 {{dunno}} LXDE {{no}}
ZenwalkBinary blobs}} ext4 sysvinit Xfce {{no}}
DistributionDefault Linux kernelDefault file systemDefault init systemInstall-time desktop environment or window manager selectionReproducible builds

Instruction set architecture support

Linux kernel portability to instruction set architectures other than x86, was an early feature added to the kernel.

Distributionx86x86-64ia64ppc[62]ppc64sparc32sparc64armhppa[63]loongsonmips[64]shs390s390xalpha[65]m68k[66]riscv
Alpine Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}
Arch Linux{{yes}}
Unofficial[67]
Official discontinued 2017-11-08[68]		{{yes}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued unofficial port}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}
Unofficial[69]		{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued. Unofficial port[70]}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
BackTrack{{partial>Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux[71]}}{{partial>Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued from BackTrack 5 and superseded by Kali Linux}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
BLAG{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Bodhi Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
2013-10-23}}[72]		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
BOSS Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{dunno}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
CentOS{{partial>AltArch}}{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7}}[73]		{{partial>Beta, Discontinued
4.0}}		{{partial>AltArch}}{{partial>Beta
4.2}}[73][74]		{{no}}{{partial>AltArch}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7}}[73][75]		{{partial>Discontinued
3.5-3.8
4.1-4.7}}[73][75]		{{partial>Discontinued
4.2-4.3}}[73][76][77]		{{no}}
Chakra{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{dunno}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
CRUX{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Debian[78]{{yes}}{{yes>Yes
4.0+}}		{{partial>Discontinued
3.0-7.0}}[79]		{{partial>Discontinued
2.2-8}}		{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued
2.1-4.0}}[80]		{{partial>Discontinued
-7[81]}}		{{yes>Yes
2.2+}}		{{partial>Discontinued
3.0-5.0}}		{{yes}}{{yes>Yes
3.0+}}		{{partial>In progress}}{{partial>Discontinued
3.0-7}}		{{yes>Yes
7+}}		{{partial>Discontinued
2.1-5.0}}		{{partial>Discontinued
2.0-3.1}}		{{partial>In progress[82]}}
Devuan{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
bolic{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Fedora[83]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued from
Fedora 9
}}[84]		{{partial>Discontinued from
Fedora 17
}}		{{yes}}{{no}}{{partial>Inactive from
Fedora 12}}[85]		{{yes}}[86]{{no}}{{partial>In progress}}{{partial>Inactive from
Fedora 13
}}[87]		{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>In progress[88]}}
Finnix{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Gentoo[89]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}[90]{{yes}}{{yes}}[91]{{yes}}[92][93]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}
gNewSense{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
GuixSD[94]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>In progress[95]}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>In progress[96]}}
Kali Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
LibreCMC{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}} XBurst{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Manjaro Linux{{yes}}
Unofficial[97]		{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}
Unofficial[98]		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
MEPIS{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Musix GNU+Linux{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
OpenELEC{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
openSUSE[99]{{partial>Discontinued
42.1}}		{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}[100]{{no}}[100]{{no}}{{partial>partial}}[101]{{partial>partial}}[102]{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
OpenWrt[103]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Oracle Linux[104]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued
5}}[105]		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Test release[106]}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes>Yes, ARMv7[107][108]}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued[109]}}{{partial>Discontinued[109]}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Test release[110]}}
Red Flag Linux{{partial>Discontinued
8.0}}[111]		{{partial>Discontinued
8.0}}[111]		{{partial>Discontinued
3}}[112]		{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
3}}[112]		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Red Hat Linux[113]{{partial>Discontinued
9.0}}		{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
7.1-7.2}}		{{partial>Test release
5.1[114]}}		{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
4.0-4.2
5.1-6.2}}		{{partial>Test release
5.1[114]}}		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Test release
5.1[114]}}		{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
7.2}}		{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued
2.1-7.1}}		{{partial>Test release
5.1[114]}}
Red Hat Enterprise Linux[115]{{partial>Discontinued
2.1-6[116]}}		{{yes}}
3+		{{partial>Discontinued
2.1-5[117]}}		{{yes}}
3+		{{yes}}
3+		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
3-4[118]}}		{{yes}}
3+		{{no}}{{no}}
Sabayon Linux{{no>Discontinued}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Scientific Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{partial>Discontinued
3-4}}		{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
SHR{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Slackware{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
?}}[119]		{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>Discontinued
?}}[120]		{{partial>Discontinued
?}}[120]		{{partial>Discontinued
8.1}}[121]		{{no}}
Solus{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Source Mage GNU/Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{dunno}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server[122]{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>AArch64 only[123]}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}
Tor-ramdisk{{yes}}{{yes}}[124]{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}[125]{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Trisquel GNU/Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
TurnKey GNU/Linux{{partial>Selected ISOs
available}}		{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no>No - but under development by community}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}, including 64-bit ARMv8-A{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Ututo{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{partial>In progress}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Void Linux{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
XBMCbuntu{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Yellow Dog Linux{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{yes}}{{yes}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}{{no}}
Distributionx86x86-64ia64ppcppc64sparc32sparc64armhppaloongsonmipsshs390s390xalpham68kriscv

Package management and installation

Information on features in the distributions. Package numbers are only approximate. Some distributions like Debian tend to separate tools into different packages - usually stable release, development release, documentation and debug. Also counting the source package number varies. For debian and rpm based entries it is just the base to produce binary packages, so the total number of packages is the number of binary packages. For arch based entries, it is additional. E.g. Arch Linux provides 11'000 + 47'000 packages, i.e. 58'000 packages.

Distribution Free software repositoriesApproximate number of pre-compiled packagesApproximate number of source packages Default package management tool(s)Package format Default installerGraphical installation process Netinstall Netboot
Alpine LinuxFree, and nonfree}}8135}}[126] {{dunno}} apk .apk setup-alpine {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ALT LinuxFree, and nonfree}}8300}}[127] {{dunno}} APT (APT-RPM), RPM RPM {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Arch LinuxFree, and nonfree}}11000}}[128]47000}} from AUR[129] Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts only) {{no}} {{yes}}iPXE}}
BLAGFree only}}10000}}[130] {{dunno}} RPM, yum, APT RPM {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}}
Bodhi LinuxFree, and nonfree}}35000}} {{dunno}} APT .dpkg Ubiquity {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
CentOSFree, and nonfree}}17565}}[131] {{dunno}} RPM, yum/up2date RPMAnaconda {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
ChakraFree, and nonfree}}3074}}[132]4663|prefix=CCR: }}[133] Pacman (will be replaced by Akabei in future) .pkg.tar.xzPackage manager in development}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ClearOSFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} RPM, yum RPM {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
CrunchBang LinuxFree, and nonfree}}23000}} {{dunno}} APT .deb {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Damn Small LinuxFree, and nonfree}}610}} {{dunno}} myDSL, APT .dsl, .tar.gz, .uci, .unc, .deb {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
DebianFree, and nonfree}}68000}}[134]21041}}{{Efn|From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.}} APT .deb Debian-Installer {{yes}} {{yes}}PXE}}
DevuanFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT.deb {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{yes}}PXE}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-LibreFree only}}484}} {{dunno}} pkgsystem .tlz {{dunno}} {{no}} {{no}} {{no}}
bolicFree only}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT .deb Debian-Installer {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}}
FedoraFree, and nonfree}}20000}} [135]25041}}[136] DNF, yum, PackageKit RPM Anaconda {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
GentooFree, and nonfree}}108}}[137]19092}}[138]{{Efn|Note this number is just of packages in the Official Gentoo Overlay (or Portage Tree). Several hundred other packages are available from other overlays}} Portage .ebuild, .tbz2Can be installed graphically (GTK+ and ncurses), but traditionally done by command line (install cd, live cd, netboot, and from distributions).}} {{yes}}PXE}}
gNewSenseFree only}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT .deb Debian-Installer {{yes}} {{yes}} {{no}}
gnuLinExFree, and nonfree}}200}} {{dunno}} APT .deb {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
GuixSDFree only}}8723}}[139]8723}} Guix .scm, .go guix system initWIP[140]}} {{yes}} {{no}}
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libreFree only}}14653}}[141] {{dunno}} Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts) {{no}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
KnoppixFree, and nonfree}}3600}} {{dunno}} APT .deb {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
LibreCMCFree only}}826}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{no}} {{no}} {{no}}
Linux MintFree, and nonfree}}50781}} {{dunno}} APT .deb Ubiquity {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
MageiaFree, and nonfree}}17283}} (i586), {{nts|11409}} (x86-64)[142]8834}}[143] urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
Mandriva LinuxFree, and nonfree}}22600}} {{dunno}} urpmi, rpmdrake RPM DrakX {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Manjaro LinuxFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} from AUR[129] Pacman .pkg.tar.xz Calamares[144] {{yes}}[145] {{yes}}iPXE}}
MEPISFree, and nonfree}}20000}} {{dunno}} APT .deb MEPIS Install {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Musix GNU+LinuxFree only}}1819}} {{dunno}} APT .deb Debian-Installer {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}}
OpenELECFree, and nonfree}}140}}[146] {{dunno}} XBMCbuntu addon manager, own and 3rd party addons .zip {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
openSUSEFree, and nonfree}}34000}}34000}}[147] YaST, Zypper RPM YaST {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
OpenWrtFree, and nonfree}}2000}} {{dunno}} opkg .ipk - {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libreFree only}}23000}}[148] {{dunno}} Pacman .pkg.tar.xz None (install scripts) or Calamares {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
PardusFree, and nonfree}}4000}} {{dunno}} PiSi .pisi YALI {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ParsixFree, and nonfree}}29000}}14900}} APT .deb {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
PCLinuxOSFree, and nonfree}}12000}} {{dunno}} APT, RPM RPM {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
PuppyFree, and nonfree}}700}} {{dunno}} PupGet, DotPup.pup, .pet {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Red Hat Enterprise LinuxFree, and nonfree}}3000}} (plus {{nts|9155}} from EPEL[149]) {{dunno}} RPM, yum RPMAnaconda {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
RxartFree, and nonfree}}5000}} {{dunno}} APT .deb {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Sabayon LinuxFree, and nonfree}}13130|prefix=>}} {{dunno}} Portage, Entropy ebuild, .tbz2 Calamares {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ScientificFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT/yum RPM {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
SlackwareFree, and nonfree}}2292}} {{dunno}} installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, .txz, .tlz, .tbz {{no}} {{yes}} {{yes}}
SlaxFree, and nonfree}}2050}} {{dunno}} none .lzm {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
SliTaz GNU/LinuxFree, and nonfree}}3381}}[150] {{dunno}} Tazpkg .tazpkg tazinst {{yes}}iPXE}}iPXE}}
SolusFree, and nonfree}}9500}} {{dunno}} eopkg .eopkg os-installer {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}}
Source Mage GNU/LinuxFree, and nonfree}}118}}8876}} Sorcery Package Manager src {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
SUSE LinuxFree, and nonfree}}24094}}11385}} YaST, Zypper RPM YaST {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Tiny Core LinuxFree, and nonfree}}25160}} {{dunno}} ab, tce-load tcz tc-install, core2usb {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Tiny SliTazFree, and nonfree}}50}} {{dunno}} Web site[151] tazpkg {{no}} {{dunno}}iPXE}}
Tor-ramdiskFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} none none {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
TrisquelFree only}}52748}}[152] {{dunno}} APT .deb Ubiquity {{yes}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
TurnKey GNU/LinuxFree, and nonfree}}57290}}[134] plus ≈30 custom packages21041}}{{Efn|From the Sources.gz files in the main, contrib and non-free sections of Debian Jessie. On the 2015-11-21, Debian Sid, the development release, have 24757 source packages.}} (currently TurnKey only supplies source code for custom packages) APT .deb DI-Live (custom fork of Debian Installer) {{no}} {{no}} {{no}}
Ubuntu, Kubuntu, XubuntuFree, and nonfree}}73229}}[153]24474}}{{Efn|From the Sources.gz files in the main,universe, multiverse and restricted sections of Ubuntu Wily.}} APT .deb Ubiquity {{yes}} {{yes}}PXE}}
UtutoFree only}}5000}} {{dunno}} UTUTO Package Manager ebuild {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{no}} {{no}}
Vector LinuxFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} slapt-get, gslapt, installpkg tgz {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Void LinuxFree, nonfree and multilib}}6000}}6719}} xbps .xbps ncurses script {{yes}} {{yes}} {{no}}
XBMC LiveFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT .deb {{no}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ZentyalFree, and nonfree}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} APT .deb dpkg {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
ZenwalkFree, and nonfree}}2000}} {{dunno}} netpkg, installpkg, upgradepkg tgz, txz {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Distribution Free software repositoriesApproximate number of pre-compiled packagesApproximate number of source packages Default package management toolsPackage format Default installerGraphical installation process Netinstall Netboot

Live media

Distribution Size of media (MB) RAM use (MB) Boots from CD Boots from DVD Installable live CD/DVD Installable from USB
Arch Linux742}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
AUSTRUMI301}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
BLAG Linux and GNU696}} {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{no}} {{dunno}}
Bodhi Linux1024}}80}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
CentOS603}} (Minimal) {{nts|4096}} (DVD) {{Yes}} {{Yes}}Yes (installable since 6.0)}} {{Yes}}
Chakra2150}} {{no}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{yes}}
Debian958}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Devuan868}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre655}} {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
bolic1650}} {{dunno}}up to version 2.x}} {{Yes}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}}
Fedora1434}}256}} to {{nts|1024}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Gentoo260}} (Minimal) {{nts|2048}} (Live DVD)128}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
gNewSense[154]1200}}512}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{dunno}}
Grml460}}32}} to {{nts|128}} {{Yes}} {{No}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Guix System Distribution[155]987}}0.27}} {{no}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{Yes}}
Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre668}} and {{nts|697}} {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{yes}}
Knoppix CD700}}128}} to {{nts|320}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}Only DVD edition is maintained}}
Knoppix DVD4813}}128}} to {{nts|500}} {{No}} {{Yes}}
LibreCMC {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{no}} {{no}} {{no}} {{no}}
Mandriva Linux One700}}128}} to {{nts|768}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Manjaro Linux473}} to {{nts|2,200}}[156]256}} to {{nts|1024}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
MEPIS700}} to {{nts|4000}}128}} to {{nts|512}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Musix GNU+Linux2000}} {{dunno}} {{No}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Nanolinux18}}64|prefix=≈}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
openGEU700}}192}} to {{nts|512}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
openSUSE (Not 42.1)700}}128}} to {{nts|768}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
OpenWrt4|prefix=min }}16|prefix=min }} {{No}} {{No}} {{No}} {{No}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre400}} to {{nts|3300}} {{dunno}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{yes}} {{yes}}
Pardus1256}} to {{nts|1276}}256}} to {{nts|1024}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
PCLinuxOS130}} to {{nts|700}}96}} to {{nts|512}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Pentoo666}} and {{nts|700}}48}} to {{nts|96}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}By hand}}[157]By hand}}
Porteus {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{dunno}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Puppy Linux (Slacko)235}}32}} to {{nts|192}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Puredyne542}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Sabayon Linux Live CD695}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Sabayon Linux Live DVD2400}} {{no}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Scientific Linux431}} to {{nts|2300}}[158]640}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Slax200}}96}} to {{nts|320}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Solus1200}}1024}} {{No}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
SystemRescueCD459}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
SliTaz GNU/Linux35}}24}} to {{nts|192}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Tails900|prefix=≈}}1024|prefix=≈}} {{No}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} (when run from DVD)
Tiny Core Linux16}}46}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Tiny SliTaz1.44}}4}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}By SliTaz}}By SliTaz}}
Tor-ramdisk5}}256}} or >[159] {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Trisquel1,500}}[160]384}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
TurnKey GNU/Linux Core (base) appliance ISO212}}173|prefix=~}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Ubuntu1,700}}[161]384}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Ututo3500}} {{dunno}} {{No}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{dunno}}
Edubuntu2,900}}[162] {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Kubuntu1,400}}[163]384}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
XBMC Live700}}256}} to {{nts|1024}} {{Yes}} {{no}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Zentyal600}}256}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Xubuntu1200}}[164]256}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Distribution Size of media (MB) RAM use (MB) Boots from CD Boots from DVD Installable live CD/DVD Installable from USB

Security features

Distribution Compile time buffer checks Mandatory access control Software executable space protection grsecurity RSBAC
Alpine Linux {{yes}}[165] {{Unknown}}PaX}}Discontinued in 3.8.0}} {{Unknown}}
BLAG {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Debian/Ubuntu {{yes}}SELinux, AppArmor}}PaX}} optional {{Optional}} {{Optional}}
Dragora GNU/Linux-Libre {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
bolic {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Fedora {{Yes}}SELinux}}[166]Exec Shield}}[167] {{No}} {{No}}
Gentoo {{Optional}}SELinux, AppArmor}}PaX}} optional {{Optional}} {{Optional}}
gNewSense {{Unknown}}SELinux, AppArmor}}{{Efn|Based on Debian}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Guix System Distribution {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
LibreCMC {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Mandriva {{Unknown}}AppArmor}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Yes}}
Musix GNU+Linux {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Parabola GNU/Linux-libre {{Unknown}}Optional[168]}} {{Unknown}}Optional[168]}} {{Unknown}}
SUSE Linux {{Yes}}AppArmor}}[169]Hardware NX and other methods in mainline kernel and toolchain}}[170] {{No}} {{No}}
Solus {{Yes}}AppArmor}} {{Unknown}} {{No}} {{Unknown}}
Tor-ramdisk {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}PaX}} {{Yes}} {{No}}
Trisquel {{Unknown}}SELinux, AppArmor}}{{Efn|Based on Ubuntu}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}
Ututo {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}} {{Unknown}}

See also

{{Portal|Information technology|Software}}
  • Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • DistroWatch
  • List of Linux distributions

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [https://lwn.net/Distributions/ LWN.net Linux Distribution List]
  • [https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html Linux free distros] (Free Software Foundation)
{{Linux}}{{FOSS}}

2 : Linux distributions|Operating system comparisons
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