“Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations (CoP; commonly Presidents' Conference) is an American non-profit organization that addresses issues of critical concern to the Jewish community. It comprises 51 national Jewish organizations. It was founded to develop a consensus voice among Jewish organizations in dealings with the executive branch.

History

The Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organization was founded in 1956 in response to requests from President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his administration. The American Jewish community of the period was experiencing a large growth in its similar policy groups (such as the American Jewish Committee and American Jewish Congress) and the increasing influence of the Jewish denominations on politics (particularly from Orthodox and Conservative Jews). The Eisenhower administration wanted a way to gauge the opinion of the community, without wading into the internal politics of the community, and polling leaders of each organization. The conference established a unified voice for the community, one that government officials could consult on important matters.

For its first 30 years, the organization was headed by Yehuda Hellman. After his death in 1986, Malcolm Hoenlein became chairman. Hoenlein took a much stronger role in shaping U.S. policy, especially within the executive branch.^[1]

The Presidents' Conference and AIPAC work together, with all members of the conference sitting on AIPAC's executive committee, which is distinct from its board of directors. The two organizations follow a clear division of labor. The conference focuses on the executive branch of the U.S. government, while AIPAC lobbies in Congress.^[1]The chairperson is Richard Stone.^[2]

Activities

The conference's website states that it engages in "consensus policy, collective action, and maximizing the resources of the American Jewish community," in particular, "when events in the U.S., Israel and elsewhere affect the American Jewish community."

The stated goals of the Conference are strengthening the special U.S.-Israel relationship; ensuring that Israel's interests are understood by policy makers, opinion molders and the American public; addressing critical foreign policy issues that impact the American Jewish community; representing the interests of organized American Jewry; and protecting the security and dignity of Jews around the world.^[3]

International Leadership Award

In December 2008, the conference presented Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and his government as a whole, with its inaugural "International Leadership Award" for his support for Israel. Malcolm Hoenlein, the executive vice-chairman of the conference, stated that the award was given to express the group's appreciation for Canada's "courageous stands" to boycott the Durban II anti-racism conference. He also praised Canada's "support for Israel and [its] efforts at the U.N. against incitement and ... the delegitimization [of Israel], where they have taken a role in the forefront."^[4]

Support for Jonathan Pollard

In December 2008, the conference asked President George W. Bush to pardon Jonathan Pollard, a former U.S. navy analyst who was sentenced to life in prison in 1987 for spying for Israel. Malcolm Hoenlein stated that Pollard should be pardoned on humanitarian grounds, adding that "It's time that he be released. He has expressed remorse."^[5]Pollard, who was branded as a traitor in the U.S. but considered a hero in Israel, was released in November 2015, almost thirty years from the day when he was arrested.^[6] Pollard was scheduled to speak to members of the Conference in January 2016 in New York. U.S. Reps. Jerrold Nadler and Eliot Engel, to discuss efforts to lighten Pollard’s parole conditions, in which both congressmen have been actively involved. ^[7]

Meeting with Pope Benedict XVI

On February 12 2009, the conference's leaders met with Pope Benedict XVI in order to re-assert the importance of Jewish–Catholic relations in the wake of the controversy over negationist comments made by Society of St. Pius X bishop Richard Williamson. ^[8]

List of member organizations

References

1. ^¹Michael Massing (February 20, 2002). "Deal Breakers". The American Prospect. prospect.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
2. ^Current Leadership {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226161515/http://www.conferenceofpresidents.org/content.asp?id=33 |date=2008-12-26 }}, Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations - website.
3. ^About the Conference {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226161435/http://www.conferenceofpresidents.org/content.asp?id=52 |date=2008-12-26 }}, Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations - website.
4. ^Presidents Conference to honor Harper {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206024311/http://jta.org/news/article/2008/12/04/1001354/presidents-conference-honors-harper |date=December 6, 2008 }}, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), December 4, 2008.
5. ^Pres. Conf. calls for Pollard pardon {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207061541/http://jta.org/news/article/2008/12/05/1001369/pres-con-calls-for-pollard-pardon |date=2008-12-07 }}, Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), December 5, 2008.
6. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pollard-spy-for-israel-released-from-prison-after-30-years/2015/11/20/395cab88-2679-418c-a964-4efbc32b9771_story.html Jonathan Pollard, spy for Israel, released from prison after 30 years] Washington Post, November 20, 2015
7. ^Jonathan Pollard reportedly to speak with Jewish leaders JTA, January 21, 2016
8. ^Papal audience{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
9. ^{{cite news|last=JTA|title=Jewish Fraternity Becomes Full Member of Conference of Presidents|url=http://forward.com/articles/190476/jewish-fraternity-becomes-full-member-of-conferenc/|accessdate=9 January 2014|newspaper=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=7 January 2014}}
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Avrum Ehrlich, Encyclopedia of the Jewish diaspora: origins, experiences, and culture, Vol.1, (2008)p.640