| 词条 | Constanța County | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Constanța County | native_name = Județul Constanța | settlement_type = County | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_link = | image_shield = Actual_Constanta_county_CoA.png | shield_link = Coat of arms of Constanța County | image_map = Constanta in Romania.svg | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|44.27|28.31|region:RO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{ROU}} | subdivision_type1 = Development region1 | subdivision_type2 = Historic region | subdivision_type3 = Capital city (Reședință de județ) | subdivision_name1 = Sud-Est | subdivision_name2 = Dobruja | subdivision_name3 = Constanța | established_title = | established_date = | government_footnotes = | government_type = County Council | leader_party = Social Democratic Party | leader_title = President of the County Council | leader_name = Marius-Horia Țuțuianu[1] | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 7071 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | area_rank = 8th in Romania | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 684,082 | population_as_of = 2011 census[2] | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 96 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_rank = 5th in Romania | population_note = | postal_code_type = Postal Code | postal_code = 90wxyz3 | area_code = +40 x414 | iso_code = RO-CT | website = County Board County Prefecture | footnotes = 1The development regions of Romania have no administrative role. They were formed just to attract funds from the European Union 2 as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public official. He or she is not allowed to be a member of a political party and is forbidden from political activity in the first six months after the resignation (or exclusion) from the ranks of public officials 3w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address 4x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, Romtelecom, and 3 for the other ground telephone networks 5used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, ATVs, etc.), and the ones used outside the county | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | blank_name = Car Plates | blank_info = CT5 | blank1_name = GDP | blank1_info = US$ 7.91 billion (2008) | blank2_name = GDP/capita | blank2_info = US$ 11,051 (2008) }} Constanța ({{IPA-ro|konˈstant͡sa|-|Ro-Constanța.ogg}}) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region. Its capital city is also named Constanța. DemographicsIn 2011, it had a population of 684,082 and the population density was 96/km². The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) than the Romanian average. In recent years the population trend is:
The majority of the population are Romanians. There are important communities of Turks and Tatars, remnants of the time of Ottoman rule. Currently the region is the centre of the Muslim minority in Romania. A great number of Aromanians have migrated to Dobruja in the last century, and they consider themselves a cultural minority rather than an ethnic minority. There are also Romani.
Geography
Economy{{Romanian counties map}}The predominant industries in the county are:
Agriculture is an important part in the county's economy, with Constanța being the county with the largest irrigation systems in the country (more than 4,300 km² before 1989, now greatly reduced), cereals being the most important products. Also, the county is famous for its wines from the Murfatlar region. At Cernavodă there is a nuclear power plant with two reactors, each of the CANDU type of Canadian design. The plant covers over 15% of the country's power demand. The Port of Constanța is the largest port in Romania and one of the most important on the Black Sea. It is linked with the Danube by the Danube-Black Sea Canal – the widest and deepest navigable channel in Europe, although it is not used to its full potential. TourismThe Romanian Riviera along the coast of the Black Sea is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in Romania. The resorts are, from North to South:
Also worth visiting are:
PoliticsThe current president of Constanța County Council is Horia Țuțuianu (Social Democratic Party).[1] The Constanța County Council, elected at the 2016 local government elections, is made up of 37 counselors, with the following party composition:[6]
Administrative divisions{{see also|Constanța metropolitan area}}Constanța County has 3 municipalities, 9 towns and 58 communes:
Historical county{{Infobox settlement| official_name = Județul Constanța | other_name = | settlement_type = County (Județ) | image_skyline =Cercul Militar Constanta, fosta Prefectura.jpeg | image_caption =The Constanța County Prefect's building from the interwar period, currently used as headquarters of the Constanța military district. | image_flag = | flag_link = | image_shield = Interbelic Constanta County CoA.png | shield_link = | image_map = Romania 1930 county Constanta.png | map_caption = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Romania | subdivision_type2 = Historic region | subdivision_name2 = Dobruja | subdivision_type3 = Capital city (Reședință de județ) | subdivision_name3 = Constanța | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = Prefect | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = Established | established_date = 1879 | established_title2 = Ceased to exist | established_date2 = Administrative reform of 1950 | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 6916 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_as_of = 1930 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 253093 | population_density_km2 =auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_note = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | footnotes = | website = }} Following the 1926 administrative reform, the borders of the historical county are identical to the ones of the current Constanța County, with the exception of the Ostrov and Lipnița communes, which were then administered by the Durostor County, the Baia commune, now part of Tulcea County, and the villages of Tereskondu, Pârâul Caprei, Fundeni, Pădureni, Saldu Alde and Enigea-Haidar, now in Bulgaria. GeographyThe county neighboured the Black Sea to the east, the counties of Tulcea and Brăila to the north, Ialomița to the west, Durostor to the south-west and Caliacra to the south. AdministrationThe county originally consisted of four districts (plăși):[8]
Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts:
On the territory of Constanta County there were seven urban localities: Constanţa (with city status) and the urban communes of Carmen-Sylva, Techirghiol, Mangalia, Medgidia, Cernavodă and Hârșova. After 1938After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ialomița, Durostor and Caliacra to form Ținutul Mării. It was re-established in 1940 after the fall of Carol II's regime. Ten years later, it was abolished by the Communist regime. PopulationAccording to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 253,093 inhabitants, of which 66.2% were Romanians, 8.9% Bulgarians, 6.8% Turks, 6.0% Tatars, 3.8% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.5% Russians, 1.3% Armenians, as well as other minorities.[9] In religion, the population consisted of 78.9% Eastern Orthodox, 13.1% Islam, 2.5% Lutheran, 1.8% Roman Catholics, as well as other minorities.[10] Urban populationIn 1930, the urban population of the county was 81,631 inhabitants, 68.7% Romanians, 7.3% Turks, 5.2% Greeks, 3.9% Armenians, 2.5% Germans, 2.2% Jews, 2.0% Tatars, 2.0% Bulgarians, 1.7% Russians, 1.7% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. Among the urban population, mother tongues were reported to be Romanian (72.0%), Turkish (9.7%), Greek (4.5%), Armenian (3.6%), German (2.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed mostly of Eastern Orthodox (78.4%), followed by Muslim (9.6%), Armenian Apostolic (3.3%), Roman Catholic (2.7%), Jewish (2.3%), Lutheran (1.6%), as well as other minorities. References{{commonscat|Constanța County}}{{commonscat|Interwar Constanța County}}1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/locale/constanta/administratia-locala-constantei-nou-start-mandat-16-ani-mazare-constantinescu-1_576ab0aa5ab6550cb831b833/index.html|title=Administraţia locală a Constanţei, din nou la start. Primul mandat, după 16 ani, fără Mazăre şi Constantinescu|publisher=Adevărul|date=22 June 2016|accessdate=23 June 2016|language=Romanian}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_TAB_3.xlsx |title=Population at 20 October 2011 |date=5 July 2013 |accessdate=9 July 2013 |publisher=INSSE |language=Romanian }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^National Institute of Statistics, "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002" 4. ^Robert Stănciugel and Liliana Monica Bălașa, Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX. Evoluție istorică, Bucharest, 2005; pg. 202 5. ^2002 official census results {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816034908/http://www.recensamant.ro/pagini/tabele/t40a.pdf |date=16 August 2009 }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.2016bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SIAL2016_CJ_mandate.xlsx|title=Mandate de CJ pe judete si competitori|publisher=Biroul Electoral Central|date=10 June 2016|accessdate=16 June 2016|language=Romanian}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_8.xls | title = Population at 20 October 2011 | date = 5 July 2013 | accessdate = 5 July 2013 | publisher = INSSE | language = Romanian}} 8. ^Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Constanța 9. ^Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 142-143 10. ^Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 592-595 External links
12 : Constanța County|Counties of Romania|1879 establishments in Romania|1938 disestablishments in Romania|1940 establishments in Romania|1950 disestablishments in Romania|1968 establishments in Romania|States and territories established in 1879|States and territories disestablished in 1938|States and territories established in 1940|States and territories disestablished in 1950|States and territories established in 1968 |
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